1. Page 1
How to put project beneficiaries
at the centre of project management
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PM4SDT European Summer School:
Leadership and Management in Sustainable Tourism Naples,
10./11. July 2013
Manuel Junck, Divison for Sustainable Development through Tourism, GIZ Germany
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Financial and Technical Cooperation
Financial Cooperation
aims to increase the productive capacity of the partner country
including economic and social infrastructure by financing
investments and complementary advisory service.
Technical Cooperation
aims to boost the performance capacities of individuals and
organisations by providing advisory services and teaching
know-how and skills – Capacity Development
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Our Global Presence
GIZ operates in more than 130 countries worldwide.
We employ close to 17,000 staff members across the globe – some 70% of whom
are employed locally as national personnel
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Our Goal
We promote international cooperation for sustainable
development and international education work.
As a 100% federally owned, public-benefit enterprise, we
support the German Government in achieving its
objectives in the field of international cooperation for
sustainable development.
GIZ is not a donor – this is the Federal Government of
Germany – while GIZ is its main implementing body.
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So what are we doing in Sustainable Tourism?
• Share of the world„s „Official Development Assistance“ (ODA) spent on
sustainable tourism programs and projects: 0.9 % (not even 1 Bn. of 100 Bn.
EUR spent annualy).
• German annual overall ODA Budget: 10 Bn. EUR, of that BMZ: 6 Bn. EUR
• GIZ overall Budget 2012: 1.9 Bn. EUR
• German annual Technical / Financial Cooperation budgets for tourism relevant
measures:
• GIZ approx. 8. Mn. EUR spread accross ca. 50 projects annually
• KfW: approx. 160 Mn. EUR spread accross 9 projects over 10 years
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How our bilateral „tourism projects“ materialize
1. Government to Government negotiations: e.g. Government of Vietnam and
Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)
2. Focus areas of bilateral cooperation are defined: e.g. Health, Water, Energy,
Environment, Private Sector Development
3. GIZ drafts Development Program/Projects in consultation with partner
ministries (e.g. Vietnamese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development)
and upon approval is commissioned by BMZ
4. (Focus areas and Projects to be undertaken within programs are defined)
5. Project components are defined
6. Activities within components are defined
Sustainable Tourism
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The Challenge
Macro Level: Programmes and Policies
Meso Level: Public, Private and NGO Institutions
Micro Level: Scattered Sustainable Tourism Activies
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Macro Level: Programmes and Policies
Meso Level: Public, Private and NGO Institutions
Micro Level: Joint Sustainable Tourism Activities
NGO
Private
Gov. &
Donor
An easy Solution?
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A worst case example: resource depletion in Limpopo TFCA
• Bed nights in Krüger NP 2009/10: 1.4 Mn.
• Tourism revenue since 2002: + 235%
• Operational cost since 2002: + 229%
• 22 NPs in South Africa employ 10,400 Staff,
3,658 permanent (e.g. Krüger: 650 Rangers)
Local economic benefit in SA? Substantial.
… but what about the Mozambican side of the
Limpopo Park?
• Recent developments: huge increases in
poaching of rhino and elephant both sides of
border (= natural tourism capital)
• “Chinese” demand, “Somali Mercenaries” and
local poverty beyond the border!
• Rhino horn „mining towns“ springing up on
Mozambican side of the park limits, as its
market value has passed that of gold.
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“It is a fact that South Africa, a sovereign country,
is under attack from armed foreign nationals. This
should be seen as a declaration of war against
South Africa by armed foreign criminals. We are
going to take the war to these armed bandits and
we aim to win it”
Major General Johan Jooste (Retired),
hired by SANParks to coordinate anti-poaching measures.
Protecting the core capital of your tourism product:
The relationship between nature and humans
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1. Lesson learned:
If you don’t
harmonize demand
for natural
resources with an
enabling tourism
infrastructure and
benefits for local
livelihoods,… you
will destroy your
core business
proposition in the
long term.
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Working from above: Towards an ODA-Agenda that
understands the potential and challenges of tourism
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Decision UNEP/CBD/COP/11/L.16 taken in Hyderabad, 18. Oct. 2012 on:
„Collaboration on biodiversity and tourism development”
(Item 5.2 Excerpt:) The Conference of the Parties,
stresses that special management and governance of tourism are critical in natural destinations
and ecosystems that harbour high biodiversity levels, and that partnerships and cooperative
frameworks between appropriate public and private organizations are pivotal to protect
biodiversity in those areas;
calls on Parties and stakeholders, such as intergovernmental, governmental and non-
governmental entities, including the private sector, to promote dialogue, enhanced
cooperation and partnerships on sustainable tourism management for the conservation and
sustainable use of biodiversity, for added economic value, job creation and poverty reduction,
and for the benefit of sustainable regional development;
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Working from below…
Macro Level: Programmes and Policies
Meso Level: Public, Private and NGO Institutions
Micro Level: Scattered Sustainable Tourism Activies
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Fostering local and regional grassroots ownership:
Transfrontier cooperation in the Balkan region
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From „Thethi“ to the „Peaks of the Balkans“:
1. Thethi: Pilot concept for a seasonal, transboundary
and ecologically sustainable tourism destination
2. Establishment tourism standards for guesthouses
3. Creation of a hiking trail product combining routes
along hictoric mule tracks in the border region
4. Coordination for basic mountain rescue services
5. Coordination of border crossings between
responsible authorities
6. Entry of Thethi and northern Albania into
international tour operator„s catalogues
7. Increase in tourism receipts in Thethi, measured
by more overnight stays and/or other expenditure
(food, souvenirs, guides, maps)
8. Mainstream Thethi concept in villages along the trailBeka, GIZ 2010
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2. Lesson learned:
If you can‘t link local human and
cultural resources sustainably to
economic benefits for local
livelihoods, …then don‘t even start.
Local income in Thethi
Tourist Arrivals Beds
Guesthouses
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3. Lesson learned:
Don‘t get too excited about your
supply before you have analyzed
your potential market demand
and developed a sound strategy.
Market Access
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