The document discusses the use of modern surveillance technologies by governments to monitor citizens through collecting data from information and communication technologies. It explains how governments can track citizens' locations, activities and interests while claiming to maintain privacy and constitutional rights. However, many citizens are concerned that widespread government surveillance violates their privacy and freedoms. The document proposes studying the ethical implications of government surveillance and ensuring privacy and security are balanced without compromising civil liberties protected by law.

1. 1) With Modern Surveillance technologies the government has
the option to know its people by using the latest technology.
The data relating to activities and interests of people is gathered
from Information and Communication Technology, which has
become the closest partner of people, including the use of the
internet. It further explains how the government can keep a
check on its people, while maintaining their privacy level, along
with contextual integrity. The government makes satellite
monitoring to get locational data. This information can be used
in the Police department for the investigation of crimes. the
application of data in this modern era, where behavioral data
can become a source of revenue, and humans are considered
part of this process and not the endpoint of revenue making
process. It first explains the fact that Google which is
considered a safe and secure website also holds user’s data and
this data can be handed over to authorities if needed. The source
explains how Google is violating the privacy of millions of
people for the collection of big data, like they retain browsing
histories, and takes photos of people’s houses without even
asking permission.
Annotated Bibliography
Source #1
Giroux, H. A. (2015). Totalitarian paranoia in the post-
Orwellian surveillance state.
Cultural Studies
,
29
(2), 108-140.

2. The source “Totalitarian paranoia in the past-Orwellian
surveillance state” (Giroux, 2015) objects to discover the public
privacy threats arise by government spying. The source then
explains the impacts of surveillance and says that people are
deprived of their freedom of thinking and speech because of the
institution of being tracked. It says that the latest information
and communication technology devices like microphones,
internet, videos, cameras, and text messages provide more
facility to surveillance organizations than customers. Private
and public space is easily violated and even a third party keeps
records of a person’s shopping choices and personal messages
from social media. Finally it says that we are leading a
surveillance culture by a surveillance state.
This source changed my research approach and provided me
multiple valid points which I further used in my paper. For
instance, the use of biometric bracelets that tells the attention of
students sitting in the hall. It cleared my position by saying that
this surveillance is against freedom and democracy which gave
people the right to keep their things private. It helped me
explain the fact the NSA is a threat to privacy and freedom.
Companies can spy any customer or individual because they run
their own data-mining setup.
Source #2
Schaefer, A. T., & Claridge-Chang, A. (2012). The surveillance
state of behavioral automation.
Current opinion in neurobiology
,
22
(1), 170-176.

3. The source “The surveillance state of behavioral automation”
aims to explain the latest use of behavioral data. It says that
even complex behaviors can be analyzed and observed. The
behaviors include comprehensive observation of animals and
humans behavior. In a behavioral study, psychology is also
attached, and the techniques include a blend of these domains.
The tracking, sorting, and motion capture methods help in
automation, which is the physiology of animal transformation.
I found this source during my research, and it helped me in
explaining my argument clearly about behavioral automation.
The method and approach used in the source to describe the
surveillance state changed my approach to research. I found this
source when I was searching for the reasons for the huge
significance of behavioral data. It helped me in understanding
the current atomization in behavioral studies. It also identified
the latest techniques that can improve observation and
experimentation in various neuroscience aspects.
Source #3
Sorell, T., & Draper, H. (2012). Telecare, surveillance, and the
welfare state.
The American Journal of Bioethics
,
12
(9), 36-44.
The source “Telecare, surveillance, and the welfare state”
(Sorell & Draper, 2012) explains how surveillance and telecare
are being provided to people and their role in the welfare of the
country. It explains in detail these terminologies and the
processes they use. The major argument supported in this source
is that people do not like being tracked by a party. The concept

4. of the surveillance state is becoming ubiquitous in America, and
telecare is playing an important part in it. Telecare is promoting
the freedom and independence of customers, by providing those
services at their desired locations.
I found this source during my research process, and it helped
me in explaining my point clear to those who exclude telecare
from the surveillance state. Surveillance states can support
independence, where people are tech-savvy, and technology is
solving their problems. The source also explains how
surveillance can intervene in an emergency. This source directs
me in the research approach and guided me in explaining my
argument, in a highly cohesive and comprehensive way. I used
this source to explain telecare benefits for independence and its
contribution to making a surveillance state.
Source #4
Taylor, J. A., Lips, M., & Organ, J. (2008). Identification
practices in government: citizen surveillance and the quest for
public service improvement.
Identity in the Information Society
,
1
(1), 135.
The source “Identification practices in government: citizen
surveillance and the quest for public service improvement”
(Taylor et al., 2008) aims to explain the concept of the
surveillance state. It says that the government has the option to
know its people by using the latest technology. The data
relating to activities and interests of people is gathered from
Information and Communication Technology, which has become
the closest partner of people, including the use of the internet.
It further explains how the government can keep a check on its

5. people, while maintaining their privacy level, along with
contextual integrity. The government makes satellite monitoring
to get locational data. This information can be used in the
Police department for the investigation of crimes. We can
summarize that the information collected is used in the public
sector ranging from license making to pensioner records.
I found this source at the beginning of my research, and it
strengthens my position by supporting my argument. At the start
of my research I was completely biased about information
capitalism and I was only seeing one side of the picture which
argues companies are breaching the privacy of people, and they
have no right to collect information without the permission of
its users. This source clearly depicts the positive aspects and
applications of information collected by users. With the help of
this source, I was able to explain the point that this information
is shared with the government, where it is distributed to other
departments like police, etc.
Source #5:
Zuboff, S. (2015). Big other: surveillance capitalism and the
prospects of an information civilization.
Journal of Information Technology
,
30
(1), 75-89.
The source “Big other: surveillance capitalism and the prospects
of an information civilization” (Zuboff, 2015) aims to inform
readers about the application of data in this modern era, where
behavioral data can become a source of revenue, and humans
are considered part of this process and not the endpoint of

6. revenue making process. It first explains the fact that Google
which is considered a safe and secure website also holds user’s
data and this data can be handed over to authorities if needed.
The source explains how Google is violating the privacy of
millions of people for the collection of big data, like they retain
browsing histories, and takes photos of people’s houses without
even asking permission. The high use of Google gave it the
benefit of a high amount of data, which assists Google to design
predictive products first hand. In the end it explains the
agreements, communication, and personalization of Google, and
says that many of the users are unaware of the fact that they
have lost control of their personal data, which is further used
for their digital benefits and services.
I found this source during my research and it helped me in
explaining my arguments. I was unsure about how enterprises
use institutional logic, and this source cleared my position
regarding behavioral data and personal data, which companies
collect based on using their institutional logic which allows
them to hack and violate the privacy of customers. This source
helped me to understand how companies and businesses control
behaviors of customers now, which was opposite in the past.
This big data, although it is providing large facilities, on the
other side it is intervening in customer’s own matters, which is
not liked by many people. This source changed my research
approach by providing the argument that surveillance capitalism
should not be considered completely evolved, and many aspects
of it needed to be carefully examined.
2)
In the present enhanced technological scenario, surveillance
tasks are being done using state-of-art Information Technology
techniques and tools and these are used to extend and augment

7. traditional surveillance systems. In addition to this
augmentation, latest Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT) are being used in digital domain under the
name ‘surveillance capitalism’. Government is predominantly
using surveillance techniques either by intelligence services or
law enforcement and these are normally justified with an appeal
to the “greater good” and protecting citizens but their use is
always controversial. Majority of citizens are upset with these
mass surveillance actions as their privacy is lost and feel their
fundamental rights are denied. Government is sometimes harsh
on citizens to implement security activities to protect nations.
Now the basic the argument of the public is a trade-off between
privacy and security of citizens and nation is not inevitable but
is shaped by surveillance employed as a technology-supported
security practice, reinforced by securitization under Federal and
State security laws.
In view of the above the Agenda or Topic of the project is to
study and discuss the ethical implications which surveillance,
privacy and security call upon us to pay more attention to are
those of our own choices, both individual and collective, and
choices of government to protect ourselves, information data
security and nation’s security without diluting the spirit of these
three by adhering to prevailing Federal and State Laws.
Related Quotes & Bibliography:
“Government classifies far too much information, frequently in
violation of applicable laws governing what information may
and may not be classified.”
Barry Eisler, author, and former CIA officer spoke at the
Association of Former Intelligence Officers opposite ex-CIA
and NSA director Michael Hayden. Barry Eisler has served
under active positions in the CIA’s Directorate of operations
and now live in San Francisco Bay Area.

8. https://boingboing.net/2016/03/01/on-whistleblowers-and-
secrecy.html
“Free speech has occupied an exalted position because of the
high service it has given our society. Its protection is essential
to the very existence of a democracy. . . . It has been the
safeguard of every religious, political, philosophical, economic,
and racial group amongst us. . . . [Free speech] has been the one
single outstanding tenet that has made our institutions the
symbol of freedom and equality.”
William O. Douglas, the longest-serving justice in the history of
the Supreme Court as he served from (1939-75), and he also
wrote books on this experience and observation from his travel
diaries as well
https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1328/william-
douglas
“Today we are at a crossroads. The technology is available for
two great options: The massive surveillance state or the
renewed freedom of a deeply-involved citizenry thinking
independently and holding the government to the highest
standards”
Oliver DeMille is an American author, educator, and public
speaker. He is the founder of an educational model known as
TJEd and the co-author of Leader Shift. His work mostly is
related to education and Orrin Woodward is also considered as a
co-author for this.
https://www.azquotes.com/quotes/topics/surveillance-state.html
“There currently are and always have been real and material

9. consequences of state surveillance that place the physical well
being of individuals at risk”
Jonathan Hofer is a senior studying political science at the
University of California, Berkeley.
https://www.dailycal.org/2019/04/23/california-needs-to-better-
regulate-surveillance/
“Do we want to live in a society where we live totally naked in
front of the government, and they are totally opaque to us”
Edward Joseph Snowden is an American whistleblower
https://www.amnesty.ca/our-work/issues/survelliance-security-
and-human-rights/mass-surveillance
“You have an always expanding, omnipresent surveillance state
that's constantly chipping away at the liberties and freedoms of
law-abiding Americans.”
Ronald Lee Wyden is an American politician who is currently
serving as the senior United States Senator for Oregon
https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1341720