1. What would determine protein levels in cells?
2.Draw a hypothetical strand of bacterial DNA containing a gene.
3.Draw and label all components that are required for transcription and translation to a peptide.
4.Briefly describe the function of each component.
Solution
Q.No 1
Accurate measurement of the amount of specific protein a cell produces is important for
investigating basic molecular processes.Protein levels can be quantified using a fluorescent
reporter. Relative protein levels can be quantified in single living cells. Genome editing allows
for quantification of endogenous protein levels.
Q.No 2
5\'-GTGTCCGTCTAATATTGTGAGATGTTATATCCCGCCGTCAACACCATCAA-3\'
3\'-CACAGGCAGATTATAACACTCTACAATATAGGGCGGCAGTTGTGGTAGTT-5\'
5\'-ACAGGATAATCGCCTGCTGGGGCAAAGGCGGTGAAGGTAAAGGTGTTGCC-3\'
3\'-TGTCCTATTAGCGGACGACCCCGTTTCCGCCACTTCCATTTCCACAACGG-5\'
Q.No 3
DNA ------------------- RNA ------------------- Protein
Transcription Translation
(DNA, Helicase ) (mRNA,tRNA,codons,aminoacid, ribosomes)
Q.NO 4
Amino acids – twenty molecules that are the building blocks of proteins. String of amino acids
make up protein’s primary structure.
Anticodon – a sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that bond to a complementary
sequence on an mRNA molecule. The anticodon sequence determines the amino acid that the
tRNA carries.
Codon – a sequence of three nucleotides on a mRNA molecule that encode a specific amino acid
Cytoplasm - The organelles of eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria, the endoplasmic
reticulum, and (in green plants) chloroplasts, are contained in the cytoplasm.
DNA - the molecule that stores and encodes an organism’s genetic information. DNA is a double
helix molecule made up of two twisted strands that are held together by hydrogen bonds between
paired nucleotides. The two strands are chemically oriented in opposite directions.
messenger RNA (mRNA) – a type of RNA that conveys genetic instructions on how to assemble
proteins from the cell’s DNA to its protein-making machinery. mRNA contains a copy of one or
a few genes from a cell’s chromosome.
nucleotides - the building blocks of DNA and RNA molecules that contain the cell’s genetic
code. Adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, thymidine, and uridine are all nucleotides.
Nucleus - The jellylike material that makes up much of a cell inside the cell membrane, and, in
eukaryotic cells, surrounds the nucleus.
Ribosomes
A ribosome is a molecular machine that coordinates protein assembly. Ribosomes are composed
of several proteins with tightly coiled RNA (called ribosomal RNA or rRNA) wrapped around
them.
RNA polymerase – It sis an enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA. In cells, RNAP is
necessary for constructing RNA chains using DNA genes as templates, a process called
transcription.
transfer RNA (tRNA) – a type of RNA that is folded into a three-dimensional structure. tRNA
carries and transfers an amino acid to the polypeptide chain being assembled during translation..
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
1. What would determine protein levels in cells2.Draw a hypotheti.pdf
1. 1. What would determine protein levels in cells?
2.Draw a hypothetical strand of bacterial DNA containing a gene.
3.Draw and label all components that are required for transcription and translation to a peptide.
4.Briefly describe the function of each component.
Solution
Q.No 1
Accurate measurement of the amount of specific protein a cell produces is important for
investigating basic molecular processes.Protein levels can be quantified using a fluorescent
reporter. Relative protein levels can be quantified in single living cells. Genome editing allows
for quantification of endogenous protein levels.
Q.No 2
5'-GTGTCCGTCTAATATTGTGAGATGTTATATCCCGCCGTCAACACCATCAA-3'
3'-CACAGGCAGATTATAACACTCTACAATATAGGGCGGCAGTTGTGGTAGTT-5'
5'-ACAGGATAATCGCCTGCTGGGGCAAAGGCGGTGAAGGTAAAGGTGTTGCC-3'
3'-TGTCCTATTAGCGGACGACCCCGTTTCCGCCACTTCCATTTCCACAACGG-5'
Q.No 3
DNA ------------------- RNA ------------------- Protein
Transcription Translation
(DNA, Helicase ) (mRNA,tRNA,codons,aminoacid, ribosomes)
Q.NO 4
Amino acids – twenty molecules that are the building blocks of proteins. String of amino acids
make up protein’s primary structure.
Anticodon – a sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that bond to a complementary
sequence on an mRNA molecule. The anticodon sequence determines the amino acid that the
tRNA carries.
Codon – a sequence of three nucleotides on a mRNA molecule that encode a specific amino acid
Cytoplasm - The organelles of eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria, the endoplasmic
reticulum, and (in green plants) chloroplasts, are contained in the cytoplasm.
DNA - the molecule that stores and encodes an organism’s genetic information. DNA is a double
helix molecule made up of two twisted strands that are held together by hydrogen bonds between
paired nucleotides. The two strands are chemically oriented in opposite directions.
messenger RNA (mRNA) – a type of RNA that conveys genetic instructions on how to assemble
proteins from the cell’s DNA to its protein-making machinery. mRNA contains a copy of one or
2. a few genes from a cell’s chromosome.
nucleotides - the building blocks of DNA and RNA molecules that contain the cell’s genetic
code. Adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, thymidine, and uridine are all nucleotides.
Nucleus - The jellylike material that makes up much of a cell inside the cell membrane, and, in
eukaryotic cells, surrounds the nucleus.
Ribosomes
A ribosome is a molecular machine that coordinates protein assembly. Ribosomes are composed
of several proteins with tightly coiled RNA (called ribosomal RNA or rRNA) wrapped around
them.
RNA polymerase – It sis an enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA. In cells, RNAP is
necessary for constructing RNA chains using DNA genes as templates, a process called
transcription.
transfer RNA (tRNA) – a type of RNA that is folded into a three-dimensional structure. tRNA
carries and transfers an amino acid to the polypeptide chain being assembled during translation.
