1 What information is used by a process running on one host to identify a process
running on another host?
2 What is the HOL blocking issue in HTTP/1.1? How does HTTP/2 attempt to
resolve it?
3 Why do HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and POP3 run on top of TCP rather than UDP?
4 List at least two advantages and disadvantages of using POP3 instead of IMAP.
5 Besides network-related considerations such as network delay, loss, and
bandwidth performance, other important factors might go into designing a CDN
server selection strategy. What are they?
6 Consider a short, 10-meter link, over which a sender can transmit at a rate of 150 bits/sec in
both directions. Suppose that packets containing data are 100,000 bits long, and packets
containing only control (e.g., ACK or PROBLEMS 171 handshaking) are 200 bits long. Assume
that N parallel connections each get 1/N of the link bandwidth. Now consider the HTTP
protocol, and suppose that each downloaded object is 100 Kbits long, and that the initial
downloaded object contains 10 referenced objects from the same sender. Would parallel
downloads via parallel instances of non-persistent HTTP make sense in this case? Now consider
persistent HTTP. Do you expect significant gains over the non-persistent case? Justify and
explain your answer.
7
b. Use various whois databases on the Internet to obtain the names of two DNS servers. Indicate
which whois databases you used.
c. Use nslookup on your local host to send DNS queries to three DNS servers: your local DNS
server and the two DNS servers you found in part
(b). Try querying for Type A, NS, and MX reports. Summarize your findings. d. Use nslookup to
find a Web server that has multiple IP addresses. Does the Web server of your institution (school
or company) have multiple IP addresses?
.
CSE422 Section 002 – Computer Networking Fall 2018 Ho.docxmydrynan
CSE422 Section 002 – Computer Networking
Fall 2018
Homework 2 – 50 points
Sockets (10 points)
1. For a client-server application over TCP, why must the server program be executed before the
client program?
2. For a client-server application over UDP, why may the client program be executed before the
server program?
3. The UDP server shown in the course slides needed only one socket, whereas the TCP server
needed two sockets. Why?
4. If the TCP server were to support N simultaneous connections, each from a different client host,
how may sockets would the TCP server need?
5. You are creating an event logging service that will be handling event messages from multiple
remote clients. This service can suffer delays in message delivery and even the loss of some
event messages. Would you implement this using TCP or UDP? Why?
The HTTP GET message (10 Points)
Consider the figure below, where a client is sending an HTTP GET message to a web server,
gaia.cs.umass.edu.
Suppose the client-to-server HTTP GET message is the following:
GET /kurose_ross/interactive/quotation1.htm HTTP/1.1
Host: gaia.cs.umass.edu
Accept: text/plain, text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, audio/basic,
audio/vnf.wave, video/mp4, video/wmv, application/*, */*
Accept-Language: en-us, en-gb;q=0.5, en;q=0.1, fr, fr-ch, zh, cs
If-Modified-Since: Wed, 10 Jan 2018 13:13:03 -0800
User Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML,
like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the name of the file that is being retrieved in this GET message?
2. What version of HTTP is the client running?
CSE422 Section 002 – Computer Networking
Fall 2018
3. What formats of text, images, audio, and video does the client browser prefer to receive?
[Note: for this and the following questions on browser media and language preferences, you
will need to do a bit of additional reading on the Web. Here is a good place to start.]
4. What do the strings "application/*" and "*/*" signify in the Accept: header?
5. What languages is the browser indicating that it is willing to accept? [Note: you can look at
your own browser preferences to get a listing of language codes.]
6. What is the meaning of the "relative quality factor," q, associated with the various version of
English? [Note: Here is a good place to start. See also [RFC 2616].]
7. What is the client's preferred version of English? What is the browser's least preferred
version of English?
8. Does the browser sending the HTTP message prefer Swiss French over traditional French?
Explain.
9. Does the client already have a (possibly out-of-date) copy of the requested file? Explain. If
so, approximately how long ago did the client receive the file, assuming the GET request has
just been issued?
10. What is the type of client browser and the client's operating system? [Note: To answer this,
you'll need to understan.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
CSE422 Section 002 – Computer Networking Fall 2018 Ho.docxmydrynan
CSE422 Section 002 – Computer Networking
Fall 2018
Homework 2 – 50 points
Sockets (10 points)
1. For a client-server application over TCP, why must the server program be executed before the
client program?
2. For a client-server application over UDP, why may the client program be executed before the
server program?
3. The UDP server shown in the course slides needed only one socket, whereas the TCP server
needed two sockets. Why?
4. If the TCP server were to support N simultaneous connections, each from a different client host,
how may sockets would the TCP server need?
5. You are creating an event logging service that will be handling event messages from multiple
remote clients. This service can suffer delays in message delivery and even the loss of some
event messages. Would you implement this using TCP or UDP? Why?
The HTTP GET message (10 Points)
Consider the figure below, where a client is sending an HTTP GET message to a web server,
gaia.cs.umass.edu.
Suppose the client-to-server HTTP GET message is the following:
GET /kurose_ross/interactive/quotation1.htm HTTP/1.1
Host: gaia.cs.umass.edu
Accept: text/plain, text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, audio/basic,
audio/vnf.wave, video/mp4, video/wmv, application/*, */*
Accept-Language: en-us, en-gb;q=0.5, en;q=0.1, fr, fr-ch, zh, cs
If-Modified-Since: Wed, 10 Jan 2018 13:13:03 -0800
User Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML,
like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the name of the file that is being retrieved in this GET message?
2. What version of HTTP is the client running?
CSE422 Section 002 – Computer Networking
Fall 2018
3. What formats of text, images, audio, and video does the client browser prefer to receive?
[Note: for this and the following questions on browser media and language preferences, you
will need to do a bit of additional reading on the Web. Here is a good place to start.]
4. What do the strings "application/*" and "*/*" signify in the Accept: header?
5. What languages is the browser indicating that it is willing to accept? [Note: you can look at
your own browser preferences to get a listing of language codes.]
6. What is the meaning of the "relative quality factor," q, associated with the various version of
English? [Note: Here is a good place to start. See also [RFC 2616].]
7. What is the client's preferred version of English? What is the browser's least preferred
version of English?
8. Does the browser sending the HTTP message prefer Swiss French over traditional French?
Explain.
9. Does the client already have a (possibly out-of-date) copy of the requested file? Explain. If
so, approximately how long ago did the client receive the file, assuming the GET request has
just been issued?
10. What is the type of client browser and the client's operating system? [Note: To answer this,
you'll need to understan.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
The objective of this project is to analyse in-depth the behaviour of the “LAN Sync protocol” adapted by Dropbox which uses distributed cloud computing storage to enable users to store and share data. Dropbox allows the computers on the same subnet or broadcast to access the network and share files with each other. This project will also help us understand about a helper protocol to LAN sync called “LAN sync Discovery”. By capturing packets with Wireshark we will conduct a detailed research on the LAN sync protocol.
My IT Management course in UBC MBA
Prof: Ron Cenfetelli
Web 2.0 – Moving beyond HTML
Confidentiality
Authentication
Ability to verify the identity of people/organizations
Data/Message Integrity
Ensuring communications were not modified in transit/storage
Nonrepudiation
Parties cannot deny a communication
Proof that the sender sent and proof that the receiver received
Computer Networks Module 1 - part 2.pdfShanthalaKV
18CS52 VTU Computer Network & Security
MODULE 1-Part 2
DNS; The Internet's Directory Service: Services Provided by DNS, Overview of How DNS Works, DNS Records and Messages, Peer-to-Peer Applications: P2P File Distribution, Distributed Hash Tables, Socket Programming: creating Network Applications: Socket Programming with UDP, Socket Programming with TCP.
1- Answer the following characteristics for Chytridiomycota Fungi- A-.pdfAdrianEBJKingr
1. Answer the following characteristics for Chytridiomycota Fungi.
A. Color
B. Texture
C. Form
D. Size
E. Starch storage (where)
1. Answer the following characteristics for Chytridiomycota Fungi.
A. Color
B. Texture
C. Form
D. Size
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1. A TIPS has a coupon of 7% , paid semiannually. The current rate of inflation is 6% . Calculate
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Prof: Ron Cenfetelli
Web 2.0 – Moving beyond HTML
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B. Strict Liability such as product liability
C. Negligence
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1- A business has the following information for the year- Determine th.pdfAdrianEBJKingr
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1- (Aggregates) Consider an economy that is in below full employment e.pdfAdrianEBJKingr
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and then add the user to the queue. What will the queue look like if the input array is as follows?
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"Usman", "Ahmed", "Dawood", "Waheed"].
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using namespace std;
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{
int number, half
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half = / 2;
cout << fixedpoint << showpoint << half << ednl;
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//It helps to first create if-then-else structure to fill in later.
//- Make sure PURPOSE and PARAMETER comments are given in detail
// Add sufficient comments to your code body to describe what it does.
// - Make sure all if-then-else are commented describing which case it is
// - Make sure all local variables are described fully with their purposes
//Complete the TODO parts.
// ====================================================
//Complier: g++
//File type: linkedList.cpp implementation file
//=====================================================
#include<iostream>
#include"linkedlist.h"
using namespace std;
//cunstructor that initializes an empty list
LinkedList::LinkedList() {
front = nullptr ;
rear = nullptr ;
count = 0;
}
/**
* @brief Destructor to destroy all nodes and release memory
*/
LinkedList::~LinkedList() {
Node *p, *q;
p = front;
while (p != nullptr ) {
q = p->next;
delete p;
p = q;
}
}
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* @brief Purpose: Checks if the list is empty
* @return true if the list is empty, false otherwise
*/
bool LinkedList::isEmpty() const {
// TODO: Add code here
return count == 0;
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* @brief Get the number of nodes in the list
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}
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rear = p;
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}
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if (isEmpty()) {
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Node *p = rear;
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front = rear = nullptr ;
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Node *q = front;
while (q->next != rear) {
q = q->next;
}
rear = q;
q->next = nullptr ;
}
delete p;
count--;
return true ;
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// consider the specia.
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//kindly help...
Explain what happens when the PUSHA instruction executes. Make sure to show the
physical addresses where data are stored. (Assume that SP = 0006H and SS = 0000H
before execution.) Show diagram of what happens after the excution and also show
base addresss , physical address and final address in that diagram
//kindly help....
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3)Which of the multimedia/hypermedia formats do you think would be most useful for creating a
professional teaching portfolio: hypermedia software, presentation software, video production
software, hypermedia authoring, virtual reality systems?.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1 What information is used by a process running on one host to identif.pdf
1. 1 What information is used by a process running on one host to identify a process
running on another host?
2 What is the HOL blocking issue in HTTP/1.1? How does HTTP/2 attempt to
resolve it?
3 Why do HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and POP3 run on top of TCP rather than UDP?
4 List at least two advantages and disadvantages of using POP3 instead of IMAP.
5 Besides network-related considerations such as network delay, loss, and
bandwidth performance, other important factors might go into designing a CDN
server selection strategy. What are they?
6 Consider a short, 10-meter link, over which a sender can transmit at a rate of 150 bits/sec in
both directions. Suppose that packets containing data are 100,000 bits long, and packets
containing only control (e.g., ACK or PROBLEMS 171 handshaking) are 200 bits long. Assume
that N parallel connections each get 1/N of the link bandwidth. Now consider the HTTP
protocol, and suppose that each downloaded object is 100 Kbits long, and that the initial
downloaded object contains 10 referenced objects from the same sender. Would parallel
downloads via parallel instances of non-persistent HTTP make sense in this case? Now consider
persistent HTTP. Do you expect significant gains over the non-persistent case? Justify and
explain your answer.
7
b. Use various whois databases on the Internet to obtain the names of two DNS servers. Indicate
which whois databases you used.
c. Use nslookup on your local host to send DNS queries to three DNS servers: your local DNS
server and the two DNS servers you found in part
(b). Try querying for Type A, NS, and MX reports. Summarize your findings. d. Use nslookup to
find a Web server that has multiple IP addresses. Does the Web server of your institution (school
or company) have multiple IP addresses?
