1. One of the functions of money is that it is a ‘store of value’. Explain
2. What is the difference between fiat money and a credit card?
3. How do commercial banks maximize their stockholders’ wealth?
4. The Federal Reserve System (the Fed) is the central bank of the United States. What are its primary functions?
5. Assume that the US economy is experiencing a rather severe recession. How might the Fed utilize the discount rate to speed up the economy? Explain in detail.
6. Assume that the US economy is experiencing a rather severe recession. How might the Fed utilize open market operations to speed up the economy (use lecture notes to answer this)? Explain in detail.
7. Using the explanation in the lecture, explain how the Fed’s purchase of bonds (securities) on the open market can not only increase the money supply through banks’ lending but also decrease the EFFECTIVE interest rate for borrowers. Use an example with actual interest rates.
8. Explain how the required reserve requirement can be used by the Fed to either expand or contract the money supply.
9. A) Using the formula given in the lecture, calculate how much the money supply would increase given an injection of $10 million with a required reserve ratio of 5%. B) Given the same data, how much would the money supply decrease if $10 million were taken out of the money supply with a 5% required reserve ratio?.
10. What 3 events turned an ordinary recession in 1929 into the Great Depression?
11. Ironically technological advancements have made bartering, which used to be an extremely inefficient exchange of values, more and more popular in the present day. Think of and identify four situations where present-day bartering becomes beneficial to both sides of the transaction.
12. Assume that you have 100 $1 bills. Assume also that I have 4 $100 bills. Explain why even though you have more paper money (100 pieces of paper), the value of my four pieces of paper is greater than yours.
13. The Federal Reserve can in effect expand or contract the supply of money in the US.
a. Explain what you think the Fed must do to expand the money supply.
b. Identify 2 reasons why the Fed would do this.
14. Is it possible that the Fed, since it supposedly acts independently of the US government, could use monetary policies (expanding or contracting the money supply) in order to benefit only the wealthiest corporations and individuals while ignoring the lower classes? Explain your opinion here in detail.
15. Explain your opinion as to whether you feel that using a central bank (the Fed) to control all of the US’s major monetary policies as well as all of its money is dangerous? What might be some of the unintended consequences of giving this much power to one private entity?
Module 7 Lecture (Ch. 18): Money and the Monetary System
What Is Money?
The answer seems simple enough, yet there are some false illusions as to what is and what is not money. Basically, money is anything that is commonly accept.
1. Following the stock market crash in October 1987 and the terror.docxjeremylockett77
1. Following the stock market crash in October 1987 and the terrorist attack in September 2001 the Federal Reserve rapidly increased the amount of money in circulation and lowered interest rates. Why did the Federal Reserve take these actions and what impact do you believe they had?
2. From early 2005 through August 2006, the Federal Reserve steadily raised short term interest rates, being concerned about potential inflationary pressures. It then held short term rates steady through August 2007, saying that it remained very watchful about possible inflationary dangers. However in September 2007 it suddenly dropped rates and took other steps to aid capital market liquidity. Recently short term rates have been maintained at extremely low rates (effectively zero percent for a while). Now there are fears of a double-dip recession and potential deflation on one hand and other fears of potential high inflation in the foreseeable future. If you were sitting on the Open Market Committee today, how would you go about deciding what policy path to take, particularly given the lag in the effect of some monetary policies on the real economy?
Note on Money and Monetary Policy
Fiscal and monetary policy represent two fundamental tools of macroeconomics. In the 1930s, John Maynard Keynes focused attention on the power of countercyclical fiscal policy, an emphasis that dominated policy circles in the United States and elsewhere at least into the 1960s. Since then, however, policymakers in many countries have relied more heavily on monetary policy to manage the business cycle.
Changes in intellectual fashion and political calculation have driven this shift. Policymakers have learned that the legislative process is often too slow to allow for fiscal fine tuning, since the budget cannot always be adjusted fast enough in the face of rapidly changing economic circumstances. They have also discovered that fiscal policy suffers a systematic bias in favor of stimulus because national legislatures generally find it politically easier to run deficits than surpluses. Monetary policy, by contrast, may be less prone to such problems. Central banks can change policy relatively quickly in response to new conditions. Moreover, central banks are often insulated from domestic political pressures and so better able to impose economic restraint.
The Money Identity
In theory, monetary policy rests on a simple identity: economic output, measured in current dollars, equals the amount of money in circulation multiplied by how often that money changes hands. Economists will recognize this as
MxV=PxQ
in which M equals the money supply, V the velocity or turnover of money, P the price level, and Q the quantity of output. Each side of the identity equals nominal GDP; and Q, by itself, represents real GDP .
Like most identities, this one clarifies important relationships but also conceals difficult questions that require answers if it is to be used effectiv ...
1
Week 2 Textbook Problems
Week 2 Textbook Problems
2Scroll Down to Check Second Set of Answers
Week II Textbook Problems
FIN/366 – Financial Institutions
Week II Textbook Problems
Ch. 4 Questions and Applications
#1. The Fed Briefly describe the origin of the Federal Reserve System. Describe the functions of the Fed district banks
The United States experienced several banking panics in the 1800s and early 1900s and a major crisis in 1907. Congress established a central bank and in 1913, and the Federal Reserve Act was implemented, which established requirements for the commercial banks that chose to become members. The functions of the Fed district banks is to facilitate operations within the banking system by, replacing old currency, clearing checks, and to provide loans to depository institutions that need of funds.
#3. Open Market Operations Explain how the Fed increases the money supply through open market operations.
According to the text, The Fed’s purchase of government securities has a different impact than a purchase by another investor would have because the Fed’s purchase results in additional bank funds and increases the ability of banks to make loans and create new deposits. An increase in funds can allow for a net increase in deposit balances and therefore an increase in the money supply.
#4. Policy Directive What is the policy directive, and who carries it out?
If the FOMC determines a change it is reported through a statement; policy statement; to the Trading Desk that is carried out by the Feds.
#6.Reserve Requirements How is money supply growth affected by an increase in the reserve requirement ratio?
According to the text “when the reserve requirement ratio is reduced, the bank's deposits that can be lent out by depository institutions increases. When the loaned funds are spent, some of them will return to the depository institutions in the form of new deposits. The lower the reserve requirement ratio, the greater the lending capacity of depository institutions. A change in bank required reserves can cause a larger change in the money supply.
#14.The Fed's Impact on Unemployment Explain how the Fed's monetary policy affects the unemployment level.
Fed's monetary policy Each central bank has its own local interest rate that it might influence with monetary policy in order to control its local economy he Fed's monetary policy affects the unemployment level has a major influence so price stability (low inflation) and economic growth (low unemployment).
#15.The Fed's Impact on Home Purchases Explain how the Fed influences the monthly mortgage payments on homes. How might the Fed indirectly influence the total demand for homes by consumers?
The Fed's influence the monthly mortgage payments on homes because monetary policy affects interest rates. Their strong influence on the cost of borrowing can affect the amount of monthly payments on mortgages. Fed indirectly influence the total demand for homes b.
TUI University 1Money and Monetary PolicyMacroeconomic.docxwillcoxjanay
TUI University 1
Money and Monetary Policy
Macroeconomics
ECO202
TUI University
TUI University 2
•Forms and Types of Money:
People invented money to overcome the limitations
of barter.
Early money was “commodity money.”
Commodity monies are items used as money that
also have intrinsic use value.
People invented fiat money and credit money to
overcome the limitations of commodity money.
Why do fiat money and credit money have value?
TUI University 3
Functions of Money:
Money regardless of form performs three
important functions in the economy.
Money serves as:
1. Medium of Exchange.
2. Store of Value.
3. Standard of Value.
TUI University 4
1. Medium of Exchange:
Barter requires the double coincidence of wants.
Money lowers the transactions costs of exchange
by serving as the means of payment.
TUI University 5
2. Store of Value:
Money is a convenient way to store part of one’s
wealth.
Any asset has three important features.
An advantage to money is its liquidity, but liquidity
has an opportunity cost.
During inflationary times it is dangerous to store
wealth in the form of money.
TUI University 6
Risk and Return:
The rate of return on an asset is the total dollar
gain from an asset measured as a % from the
beginning of the period.
The return combines any income with a capital
gain or loss.
Risk measures the variability of returns.
TUI University 7
3. Standard of Value:
Unit of account.
Money is a standard of value for quoting prices.
TUI University 8
M1:
Narrow transactions money supply is
called “M1.”
M1= currency + demand deposits
(checking accounts) + traveler's checks.
M1 is currently around 1.1 Trillion $ and
often falling.
About 60% of M1 is demand deposits and
a about 40% is currency.
TUI University 9
M2:
Broad money.
M2 includes M1 + liquid assets.
M2 = M1 + smaller savings accounts + small time
deposit accounts + money market accounts + other
near monies.
M2 is about 4.5 T $.
The relationship between M2 and the economy broke
down in the early 1990’s as people pulled money out
of savings accounts and put it into financial
investments outside of banks that are not included in
the money supply.
M2 is no longer a target variable of the Fed.
TUI University 10
CURRENCY IN THE ECONOMY
$372 billion of currency amounts to over $1,430 for every
man, woman and child in the U.S.
Most of the currency in the official statistics is not used in
ordinary commerce in the U.S.
Much is held abroad by wealthy people
Some circulates in other countries along with local
currencies
Currency is also used in illegal transactions
TUI University 11
BANKS AS FINANCIAL
INTERMEDIARIES
Help bring savers and investors together
By using expertise and powers of diversification, financial
intermediaries reduce risk to savers and allow investors
to obtain funds on better terms
A typical commercial bank accepts funds from savers in the ...
1. Following the stock market crash in October 1987 and the terror.docxjeremylockett77
1. Following the stock market crash in October 1987 and the terrorist attack in September 2001 the Federal Reserve rapidly increased the amount of money in circulation and lowered interest rates. Why did the Federal Reserve take these actions and what impact do you believe they had?
2. From early 2005 through August 2006, the Federal Reserve steadily raised short term interest rates, being concerned about potential inflationary pressures. It then held short term rates steady through August 2007, saying that it remained very watchful about possible inflationary dangers. However in September 2007 it suddenly dropped rates and took other steps to aid capital market liquidity. Recently short term rates have been maintained at extremely low rates (effectively zero percent for a while). Now there are fears of a double-dip recession and potential deflation on one hand and other fears of potential high inflation in the foreseeable future. If you were sitting on the Open Market Committee today, how would you go about deciding what policy path to take, particularly given the lag in the effect of some monetary policies on the real economy?
Note on Money and Monetary Policy
Fiscal and monetary policy represent two fundamental tools of macroeconomics. In the 1930s, John Maynard Keynes focused attention on the power of countercyclical fiscal policy, an emphasis that dominated policy circles in the United States and elsewhere at least into the 1960s. Since then, however, policymakers in many countries have relied more heavily on monetary policy to manage the business cycle.
Changes in intellectual fashion and political calculation have driven this shift. Policymakers have learned that the legislative process is often too slow to allow for fiscal fine tuning, since the budget cannot always be adjusted fast enough in the face of rapidly changing economic circumstances. They have also discovered that fiscal policy suffers a systematic bias in favor of stimulus because national legislatures generally find it politically easier to run deficits than surpluses. Monetary policy, by contrast, may be less prone to such problems. Central banks can change policy relatively quickly in response to new conditions. Moreover, central banks are often insulated from domestic political pressures and so better able to impose economic restraint.
The Money Identity
In theory, monetary policy rests on a simple identity: economic output, measured in current dollars, equals the amount of money in circulation multiplied by how often that money changes hands. Economists will recognize this as
MxV=PxQ
in which M equals the money supply, V the velocity or turnover of money, P the price level, and Q the quantity of output. Each side of the identity equals nominal GDP; and Q, by itself, represents real GDP .
Like most identities, this one clarifies important relationships but also conceals difficult questions that require answers if it is to be used effectiv ...
1
Week 2 Textbook Problems
Week 2 Textbook Problems
2Scroll Down to Check Second Set of Answers
Week II Textbook Problems
FIN/366 – Financial Institutions
Week II Textbook Problems
Ch. 4 Questions and Applications
#1. The Fed Briefly describe the origin of the Federal Reserve System. Describe the functions of the Fed district banks
The United States experienced several banking panics in the 1800s and early 1900s and a major crisis in 1907. Congress established a central bank and in 1913, and the Federal Reserve Act was implemented, which established requirements for the commercial banks that chose to become members. The functions of the Fed district banks is to facilitate operations within the banking system by, replacing old currency, clearing checks, and to provide loans to depository institutions that need of funds.
#3. Open Market Operations Explain how the Fed increases the money supply through open market operations.
According to the text, The Fed’s purchase of government securities has a different impact than a purchase by another investor would have because the Fed’s purchase results in additional bank funds and increases the ability of banks to make loans and create new deposits. An increase in funds can allow for a net increase in deposit balances and therefore an increase in the money supply.
#4. Policy Directive What is the policy directive, and who carries it out?
If the FOMC determines a change it is reported through a statement; policy statement; to the Trading Desk that is carried out by the Feds.
#6.Reserve Requirements How is money supply growth affected by an increase in the reserve requirement ratio?
According to the text “when the reserve requirement ratio is reduced, the bank's deposits that can be lent out by depository institutions increases. When the loaned funds are spent, some of them will return to the depository institutions in the form of new deposits. The lower the reserve requirement ratio, the greater the lending capacity of depository institutions. A change in bank required reserves can cause a larger change in the money supply.
#14.The Fed's Impact on Unemployment Explain how the Fed's monetary policy affects the unemployment level.
Fed's monetary policy Each central bank has its own local interest rate that it might influence with monetary policy in order to control its local economy he Fed's monetary policy affects the unemployment level has a major influence so price stability (low inflation) and economic growth (low unemployment).
#15.The Fed's Impact on Home Purchases Explain how the Fed influences the monthly mortgage payments on homes. How might the Fed indirectly influence the total demand for homes by consumers?
The Fed's influence the monthly mortgage payments on homes because monetary policy affects interest rates. Their strong influence on the cost of borrowing can affect the amount of monthly payments on mortgages. Fed indirectly influence the total demand for homes b.
TUI University 1Money and Monetary PolicyMacroeconomic.docxwillcoxjanay
TUI University 1
Money and Monetary Policy
Macroeconomics
ECO202
TUI University
TUI University 2
•Forms and Types of Money:
People invented money to overcome the limitations
of barter.
Early money was “commodity money.”
Commodity monies are items used as money that
also have intrinsic use value.
People invented fiat money and credit money to
overcome the limitations of commodity money.
Why do fiat money and credit money have value?
TUI University 3
Functions of Money:
Money regardless of form performs three
important functions in the economy.
Money serves as:
1. Medium of Exchange.
2. Store of Value.
3. Standard of Value.
TUI University 4
1. Medium of Exchange:
Barter requires the double coincidence of wants.
Money lowers the transactions costs of exchange
by serving as the means of payment.
TUI University 5
2. Store of Value:
Money is a convenient way to store part of one’s
wealth.
Any asset has three important features.
An advantage to money is its liquidity, but liquidity
has an opportunity cost.
During inflationary times it is dangerous to store
wealth in the form of money.
TUI University 6
Risk and Return:
The rate of return on an asset is the total dollar
gain from an asset measured as a % from the
beginning of the period.
The return combines any income with a capital
gain or loss.
Risk measures the variability of returns.
TUI University 7
3. Standard of Value:
Unit of account.
Money is a standard of value for quoting prices.
TUI University 8
M1:
Narrow transactions money supply is
called “M1.”
M1= currency + demand deposits
(checking accounts) + traveler's checks.
M1 is currently around 1.1 Trillion $ and
often falling.
About 60% of M1 is demand deposits and
a about 40% is currency.
TUI University 9
M2:
Broad money.
M2 includes M1 + liquid assets.
M2 = M1 + smaller savings accounts + small time
deposit accounts + money market accounts + other
near monies.
M2 is about 4.5 T $.
The relationship between M2 and the economy broke
down in the early 1990’s as people pulled money out
of savings accounts and put it into financial
investments outside of banks that are not included in
the money supply.
M2 is no longer a target variable of the Fed.
TUI University 10
CURRENCY IN THE ECONOMY
$372 billion of currency amounts to over $1,430 for every
man, woman and child in the U.S.
Most of the currency in the official statistics is not used in
ordinary commerce in the U.S.
Much is held abroad by wealthy people
Some circulates in other countries along with local
currencies
Currency is also used in illegal transactions
TUI University 11
BANKS AS FINANCIAL
INTERMEDIARIES
Help bring savers and investors together
By using expertise and powers of diversification, financial
intermediaries reduce risk to savers and allow investors
to obtain funds on better terms
A typical commercial bank accepts funds from savers in the ...
The Federal Reserve and Money SupplyTakes s.docxcherry686017
The Federal Reserve and Money Supply
*
Takes sections for chapters 10, 14, & 15 from the Mishkin text (9th edition), Federal Reserve reader, and www.federalreserve.gov
Chpt 10
3 key players
1. Depositors
2. Banks
3. Federal Reserve
Depositors are the most important providers of funds and they are the biggest users of fundsIf depositors lose confidence bank runs can occur, causing banks to lose their sources of funds If depositors have confidence banks have an increase amount of funds
Banks are the keepers of depositors funds
As before our deposits are their biggest liabilities, but their greatest assets
Balance Sheet is the most important document to understand the banking system
It is made up of two broad categories
Liabilities (Sources of Funds)
Assets (Uses of Funds)
Listed from most liquid to least liquid
Liabilities are simply the sources of funds
Checkable deposits
Payable on demand
Considered to be an asset for depositor (us)
Lowest cost of sources for banks we want easy access to liquidity
Only 6% of total liabilities (per the Fed)
Nontransaction deposits
CDs
Owners cannot write checks against such accounts
Primary source of bank funds (53% of bank liabilities)
Checkable deposits intterest paid on deposits has accounted for 25% of total bank operating expenses while the costs involved in servicing accounts (employee salaries, building, rent) has roughly 50% of operating expenses!
Liabilities Cont.
Discount Loans / Fed Fund (31% of liabilities)
Discount loans are loans from the Federal Reserve (also known as advances)
Typically 1%-pt above the fed funds rate
Banks typically do not want to borrow from the Fed unless absolutely necessary!
Fed Funds loan (overnight loans)
Federal funds are overnight borrowings by banks to maintain their bank reserves at the Federal Reserve
Transactions in the federal funds market allow banks with excess reserve balances to lend reserves to banks with deficient reserves
These loans are usually made for one day only (‘overnight’).
Bank Capital (10% of liabilities)
Banks keep reserves at Federal Reserve Banks to meet their reserve requirements and to clear financial transactions.
Typically referred to as the uses of fundsThe interest payments earned on them are what enable banks to make profits.
Reserve Requirements
These are deposits plus currency that is physically held by banks.
Reserves are made up by required reserves and excess reserves
Required Reserves: For every dollar of checkable deposits at a bank (a fraction must be kept as reserves)
Excess Reserves: The most liquid of all bank assets and the bank can use them to make other loans to banks (through the fed funds market) or other loans.
Cash Items in Collection Process
Checks in process of being cleared from another bank
Correspondent banking
Common in small banks
Small banks hold deposits in larger banks in exchange for a variety of services, including check collection, foreign exchange tran ...
I need a 100-word reply to each of the following 8 post. (800 words .docxtroutmanboris
I need a 100-word reply to each of the following 8 post. (800 words total). I do conduct a plagiarism check before I make the final payment (been burned in the past) so please make it original (most of you are great and I have been totally satisfied).
These post are from a finance course:
Forum #1
If Bank A has an increase in deposits of $100M and their required reserves is 10%, then the must hold $10M in required reserves. This means that there is $90M in excess reserves that is available to loan, assuming that they want to use all of it for loans instead of making investments.
Bank A
Assets
Liabilities
Required reserves +$10M
Checkable deposits $100M
Excess reserves $90M
If Bank A loans out the entire $90M, then another bank will receive the funds as checkable deposits and also be required to hold 10% of the amount in reserves. At this point, we’ll call it Bank B, they will be required to hold $9M in required reserves and have $81M in excess reserves available to loan.
Bank B
Assets
Liabilities
Required reserves +$9M
Checkable deposits $90M
Excess reserves +$81M
Then let’s say that Bank B loans out all $81M and this amount gets deposited into Bank C. Bank C is now required to hold $8.1M in required reserves and has $72.9M in excess reserves, which it can also loan out.
Bank C
Assets
Liabilities
Required reserves +$8.1M
Checkable deposits +$81M
Excess reserves $72.9M
At this point, the money supply has grown by $271M ($100M Bank A + $90M Bank B + $81M Bank C).
The process can repeat, each time increasing the money supply and is called multiple deposit creation. The textbook provides a definition, “Part of the money supply process in which an increase in bank reserves results in rounds of bank loans and creation of checkable deposits and an increase in the money supply that is a multiple of the initial increase in reserves” (Hubbard, 2013, p. 427). The amount of the money supply has grown due to the original source that Bank A has received the $100M from. Bank A has helped to increase the money supply by loaning the $90M it had in excess reserves. Therefore, Bank A’s contribution was the $90M.
In order to discover how much money the banking system as a whole can create, the simple deposit multiplier can be used. This is “[t]he ratio of the amount of deposits created by banks to the amount of new reserves” (Hubbard, 2013, p. 427). This can calculation can be used for this scenario because the simple deposit multiplier assumes that no banks are going to hold any excess reserves beyond the required amount of 10%. The initial amount of increase in deposits was $100M and of that amount $10M was required in reserves. Therefore, the simple deposit multiplier is $100M/$10M and is equal to .
Assume that you recently graduated with a degree in finance and have.pdfaajitelectricals
Assume that you recently graduated with a degree in finance and have just reported to work as an
investment adviser at the firm of Balik and Kiefer Inc. Your first assignment is to explain the
roles financial intermediaries play in the U.S. banking system to Michelle Delatorre, a
professional tennis player who has just come to the United States from Chile. Delatorre is a
highly ranked tennis player who expects to invest substantial amounts of money through Balik
and Kiefer. She is also extremely bright, and, therefore, she would like to understand in general
terms what will happen to her money. Your boss has developed the following questions, which
you must answer to help explain the nature of financial intermediaries and the U.S. banking
system to Ms. Delatorre. a) What is a financial intermediary? What is the financial
intermediation process? b) What roles do financial intermediaries fulfill? c) What are the
different types of financial intermediaries? Give some characteristics that differentiate the
various types of intermediaries. d) Describe the banking system found in the United States. e)
What role does the Federal Reserve play in the U.S. banking system?
Solution
a) Financial intermediary isan institution, such as a bank, building society, or unit-trust company,
that holds funds from lenders in order to make loans to borrowers.
A financial intermediary is typically an institution that facilitates the channeling of funds
between lenders and borrowers indirectly. That is, savers (lenders) give funds to an intermediary
institution (such as a bank), and that institution gives those funds to spenders (borrowers).
b) There are two main roles in the financial intermediation process:borrowers, also known as
spenders andsavers, also called lenders. Let\'s look at borrowers first. Borrowers need money for
various reasons: to purchase a home, start a business, pay for business expenses and fund
programs. They need money to spend. Borrowers include individuals, companies and the
government. All three have a need to borrow money.
The second role in the process is savers. Savers have money, which is why they\'re also called
lenders. They have the money to lend. Savers not only have money in savings accounts, they
have money deposited in other interest earning products, such as retirement accounts and
certificate of deposits. Savers include individuals, companies and the government.
The mechanism whereby surplus funds from ultimate savers are matched to deficits incurred by
ultimate borrowers.The process by which ultimate savers are matched to ultimate borrowers.
c) The following institutions are or can act as financial intermediaries:
d) In 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank (the U.S. central bank, also known as “the Fed”) was
established, and given monopoly powers over member-bank policies and U.S. monetary policies
with the intendedpurpose of stabilizing short-term interest rates and preventing economic
downturns by providing as much liquidity as nec.
PART 11. Choose three economic indicators one of each type (lea.docxherbertwilson5999
PART 1
1. Choose three economic indicators one of each type (leading, lagging, and coincident). Define the measure, explain the timing and source of reporting, provide current measure and trend over the last year.
2. Which financial statement shows the amount of bonds and money market instruments a company has issued or invested in?
3. In most current financial statement from question #2 - what are the dollar amounts of bonds and money market securities that Amazon has issued? How much has Amazon invested in money marked securities?
PART 2
Find out which bonds Amazon has outstanding and share info about five of these bond issues based on info in the annual report. Info should include: Issue Date, Issue Size, Initial Term, Remaining Term, and Coupon rate.
What is the approximate size of the Bond Market and the Money Markets? For comparison, how large is the equity market? What are reasons for the significant difference?
PART 3
1. Let's think about factors that can influence each of these components, give at least one factor that affects each of the following:
a. Risk free rate
b. Inflation premium
c. Default risk premium
d. Liquidity premium
e. Maturity risk premium
2. How does collateral affect the interest rate on a bond? How does subordination affect the interest rate on a bond too?
3. Which financial statement is used to determine outstanding debt (bonds)? What bond issues does Amazon have outstanding (from annual report details)? Provide characteristics, features, and provisions of different bond issues from Amazon .
4. What are the primary bond categories and how do they differ?
Assignment 3
Chapter 4
1. The Fed Briefly describe the origin of the Federal Reserve System. Describe the functions of the Fed district banks.
5. Beige Book What is the Beige Book, and why is it important to the FOMC?
10. Effect on Money Supply Why do the Fed’s open market operations have a different effect on the money supply than do transactions between two depository institutions?
15. The Fed’s Impact on Home Purchases Explain how the Fed influences the monthly mortgage
payments on homes. How might the Fed indirectly influence the total demand for home by consumers?
chapter 5
1. Impact of Monetary Policy How does the Fed’s monetary policy affect economic conditions?
2. Trade-offs of Monetary Policy Describe the economic trade-off faced by the Fed in achieving its economic goals.
4. Active Monetary Policy Describe an active monetary policy.
5. Passive Monetary Policy Describe a passive monetary policy.
20. Impact of Inflation Targeting by the Fed Assume that the Fed adopts an inflation targeting
strategy. Describe how the Fed’s monetary policy would be affected by an abrupt 15 percent rise in oil prices in response to an oil shortage. Do you think an inflation targeting strategy would be more or less effective in this situation than a strategy of balancing inflation concerns with unemployment concerns?
Explain.
.
Something not right with the financial system ?Chirayu Mehta
This presentation points out the loopholes in the financial system and considers a possibility of a scam. It reveals interesting facts about the Federal Reserve Bank and its operation.
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture focuses on (US-centric) monetary policy.
There are three (3) types of textbook based homework items locate.docxrorye
There are three (3) types of textbook based homework items located at the end of each chapter. These include Review Questions (RQ), Exercises (E), and Problems (P). Some homework items have been custom created.
Complete the following from the textbook:
Chapter 4: E2
E2. As the executive of a bank or thrift institution you are faced with an intense seasonal demand for loans. Assuming that your loanable funds are inadequate to take care of the demand, how might your Reserve Bank help you with this problem?
Chapter 5: P1, P6
P1. Assume that Banc One receives a primary deposit of $1 million. The bank must keep reserves of 20 percent against its deposits. Prepare a simple balance sheet of assets and liabilities for Banc One immediately after the deposit is received.
P6. Assume a financial system has a monetary base of $25 million. The required reserves ratio is 10 percent, and there are no leakages in the system. a. What is the size of the money multiplier? b. What will be the system’s money supply?
76
CHAPTER 4
Federal Reserve System
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S
After studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
LO 4.1 Discuss how the Federal Reserve System (Fed) responded to the recent fi nancial
crisis and Great Recession.
LO 4.2 Identify three weaknesses of the national banking system that existed before the
Federal Reserve System was created.
LO 4.3 Describe the Federal Reserve System and identify the fi ve major components into
which it is organized.
LO 4.4 Identify and describe the policy instruments used by the Fed to carry out monetary
policy.
LO 4.5 Discuss the Fed’s supervisory and regulatory functions.
LO 4.6 Identify important Fed service functions.
LO 4.7 Identify specifi c examples of foreign countries that use central banking systems to
regulate money supply and implement monetary policy.
W H E R E W E H A V E B E E N . . .
In Chapter 3 we discussed the types and roles of fi nancial institutions that have evolved in
the United States to meet the needs of individuals and businesses and help the fi nancial sys-
tem operate effi ciently. We also described the traditional diff erences between commercial
banking and investment banking, followed by coverage of the functions of banks (all depos-
itory institutions) and the banking system. By now you also should have an understanding of
the structure and chartering of commercial banks, the availability of branch banking, and the
use of bank holding companies. You also should now have a basic understanding of the bank
balance sheet and how the bank management process is carried out in terms of liquidity and
capital management. Selected information also was provided on international banking and
several foreign banking systems.
W H E R E W E A R E G O I N G . . .
The last two chapters in Part 1 address the role of policy makers in the fi nancial system and
how international trade and fi nance infl uence the U.
Please read the description of the Religion ethnography carefully an.docxSusanaFurman449
Please read the description of the Religion ethnography carefully and then ask me in class to explain anything that isn't clear. You can also email me with questions.
At the end there is a short list of possible sites for the ethnography: Sikh, Islamic, Jewish, Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist. Shumei. There are other religions and many other sites. Bahai is an interesting religion but you have to be invited to attend by a member.
Mormon the same.
If you have access to a Santeria or similar ceremony, great!
To make the project worthwhile choose a site as different from your own background as you can.
If you have a Christian or Catholic background do not do your paper on any kind of Christian or Catholic service.
You are welcome to attend a non-English language service as long as you understand the language being used.
Be sure to okay your choice with me. Some places that don’t work for this project are Scientology, the Self Realization Fellowship, the Kabbalah Center, SGI Buddhist, Hare Krishna.
INSTRUCTIONS:
Attend a religious activity that you’re curious about and would like to explore.
You must attend a service, not simply visit a religious site.
Examples: a mosque, temple, synagogue, gurdwara.
You can probably find an interesting place of worship near where you live or work.
It’s always a good idea to phone or email the place of worship before you attend.
Research methods must include participant/observation and informal conversation. One slightly more formal interview is desirable.
Be absolutely sure to allow time to stay after the service for food, lunch, other refreshment, or informal gathering. This may well be the most important part of your experience and will enable you to answer the question, “What meaning does this place and this service have for the participants?
You must go some place you’ve never been to before. Do NOT choose your own tradition or somewhere you’re even a bit familiar with. Choose somewhere entirely new and different.
The important thing is to come to the service as an outsider, with the eyes and ears of an anthropologist and take note of everything. Use the skills you’ve learned in this class.
You can attend alone or with a co-researcher or two from the class. Best, you can be the guest(s) of a classmate or someone else you know and discuss the event with them. Invite a classmate or two to attend a service from your tradition.
Do not write about an event you attended in the past. But you can use past experiences for comparison and reflection.
It is almost never appropriate to jot down notes during a religious service. Better, write everything you remember immediately after the event. Get sufficient detail to write what anthropologist Clifford Geertz called “thick”, or rich description.
In writing your paper use terms we've discussed in class and think about connections to the reading we’ve done and films we’ve seen.
OUTLINE
: Include each of these sections.
Title Page,
or top of page: .
PLEASE read the question carefully. The creation of teen ido.docxSusanaFurman449
PLEASE read the question carefully.
The creation of “teen idols” is a tradition that stems back to Tin Pan Alley and the “old guard” way of making music. What were some of the factors that led to this point in the early 60’s? Is it still prevalent? If so, why? Name some examples.
.
Please reflect on the relationship between faith, personal disciplin.docxSusanaFurman449
Please reflect on the relationship between faith, personal discipline, and political integrity. Explain how the Progressive movement and the New Deal Court transformed constitutional interpretation. Briefly give 2 illustrations of how government regulations and/or subsidies (legal plunder, perhaps?) channels behavior and/or distorts markets. 400 WORDS
.
More Related Content
Similar to 1. One of the functions of money is that it is a ‘store of value’..docx
The Federal Reserve and Money SupplyTakes s.docxcherry686017
The Federal Reserve and Money Supply
*
Takes sections for chapters 10, 14, & 15 from the Mishkin text (9th edition), Federal Reserve reader, and www.federalreserve.gov
Chpt 10
3 key players
1. Depositors
2. Banks
3. Federal Reserve
Depositors are the most important providers of funds and they are the biggest users of fundsIf depositors lose confidence bank runs can occur, causing banks to lose their sources of funds If depositors have confidence banks have an increase amount of funds
Banks are the keepers of depositors funds
As before our deposits are their biggest liabilities, but their greatest assets
Balance Sheet is the most important document to understand the banking system
It is made up of two broad categories
Liabilities (Sources of Funds)
Assets (Uses of Funds)
Listed from most liquid to least liquid
Liabilities are simply the sources of funds
Checkable deposits
Payable on demand
Considered to be an asset for depositor (us)
Lowest cost of sources for banks we want easy access to liquidity
Only 6% of total liabilities (per the Fed)
Nontransaction deposits
CDs
Owners cannot write checks against such accounts
Primary source of bank funds (53% of bank liabilities)
Checkable deposits intterest paid on deposits has accounted for 25% of total bank operating expenses while the costs involved in servicing accounts (employee salaries, building, rent) has roughly 50% of operating expenses!
Liabilities Cont.
Discount Loans / Fed Fund (31% of liabilities)
Discount loans are loans from the Federal Reserve (also known as advances)
Typically 1%-pt above the fed funds rate
Banks typically do not want to borrow from the Fed unless absolutely necessary!
Fed Funds loan (overnight loans)
Federal funds are overnight borrowings by banks to maintain their bank reserves at the Federal Reserve
Transactions in the federal funds market allow banks with excess reserve balances to lend reserves to banks with deficient reserves
These loans are usually made for one day only (‘overnight’).
Bank Capital (10% of liabilities)
Banks keep reserves at Federal Reserve Banks to meet their reserve requirements and to clear financial transactions.
Typically referred to as the uses of fundsThe interest payments earned on them are what enable banks to make profits.
Reserve Requirements
These are deposits plus currency that is physically held by banks.
Reserves are made up by required reserves and excess reserves
Required Reserves: For every dollar of checkable deposits at a bank (a fraction must be kept as reserves)
Excess Reserves: The most liquid of all bank assets and the bank can use them to make other loans to banks (through the fed funds market) or other loans.
Cash Items in Collection Process
Checks in process of being cleared from another bank
Correspondent banking
Common in small banks
Small banks hold deposits in larger banks in exchange for a variety of services, including check collection, foreign exchange tran ...
I need a 100-word reply to each of the following 8 post. (800 words .docxtroutmanboris
I need a 100-word reply to each of the following 8 post. (800 words total). I do conduct a plagiarism check before I make the final payment (been burned in the past) so please make it original (most of you are great and I have been totally satisfied).
These post are from a finance course:
Forum #1
If Bank A has an increase in deposits of $100M and their required reserves is 10%, then the must hold $10M in required reserves. This means that there is $90M in excess reserves that is available to loan, assuming that they want to use all of it for loans instead of making investments.
Bank A
Assets
Liabilities
Required reserves +$10M
Checkable deposits $100M
Excess reserves $90M
If Bank A loans out the entire $90M, then another bank will receive the funds as checkable deposits and also be required to hold 10% of the amount in reserves. At this point, we’ll call it Bank B, they will be required to hold $9M in required reserves and have $81M in excess reserves available to loan.
Bank B
Assets
Liabilities
Required reserves +$9M
Checkable deposits $90M
Excess reserves +$81M
Then let’s say that Bank B loans out all $81M and this amount gets deposited into Bank C. Bank C is now required to hold $8.1M in required reserves and has $72.9M in excess reserves, which it can also loan out.
Bank C
Assets
Liabilities
Required reserves +$8.1M
Checkable deposits +$81M
Excess reserves $72.9M
At this point, the money supply has grown by $271M ($100M Bank A + $90M Bank B + $81M Bank C).
The process can repeat, each time increasing the money supply and is called multiple deposit creation. The textbook provides a definition, “Part of the money supply process in which an increase in bank reserves results in rounds of bank loans and creation of checkable deposits and an increase in the money supply that is a multiple of the initial increase in reserves” (Hubbard, 2013, p. 427). The amount of the money supply has grown due to the original source that Bank A has received the $100M from. Bank A has helped to increase the money supply by loaning the $90M it had in excess reserves. Therefore, Bank A’s contribution was the $90M.
In order to discover how much money the banking system as a whole can create, the simple deposit multiplier can be used. This is “[t]he ratio of the amount of deposits created by banks to the amount of new reserves” (Hubbard, 2013, p. 427). This can calculation can be used for this scenario because the simple deposit multiplier assumes that no banks are going to hold any excess reserves beyond the required amount of 10%. The initial amount of increase in deposits was $100M and of that amount $10M was required in reserves. Therefore, the simple deposit multiplier is $100M/$10M and is equal to .
Assume that you recently graduated with a degree in finance and have.pdfaajitelectricals
Assume that you recently graduated with a degree in finance and have just reported to work as an
investment adviser at the firm of Balik and Kiefer Inc. Your first assignment is to explain the
roles financial intermediaries play in the U.S. banking system to Michelle Delatorre, a
professional tennis player who has just come to the United States from Chile. Delatorre is a
highly ranked tennis player who expects to invest substantial amounts of money through Balik
and Kiefer. She is also extremely bright, and, therefore, she would like to understand in general
terms what will happen to her money. Your boss has developed the following questions, which
you must answer to help explain the nature of financial intermediaries and the U.S. banking
system to Ms. Delatorre. a) What is a financial intermediary? What is the financial
intermediation process? b) What roles do financial intermediaries fulfill? c) What are the
different types of financial intermediaries? Give some characteristics that differentiate the
various types of intermediaries. d) Describe the banking system found in the United States. e)
What role does the Federal Reserve play in the U.S. banking system?
Solution
a) Financial intermediary isan institution, such as a bank, building society, or unit-trust company,
that holds funds from lenders in order to make loans to borrowers.
A financial intermediary is typically an institution that facilitates the channeling of funds
between lenders and borrowers indirectly. That is, savers (lenders) give funds to an intermediary
institution (such as a bank), and that institution gives those funds to spenders (borrowers).
b) There are two main roles in the financial intermediation process:borrowers, also known as
spenders andsavers, also called lenders. Let\'s look at borrowers first. Borrowers need money for
various reasons: to purchase a home, start a business, pay for business expenses and fund
programs. They need money to spend. Borrowers include individuals, companies and the
government. All three have a need to borrow money.
The second role in the process is savers. Savers have money, which is why they\'re also called
lenders. They have the money to lend. Savers not only have money in savings accounts, they
have money deposited in other interest earning products, such as retirement accounts and
certificate of deposits. Savers include individuals, companies and the government.
The mechanism whereby surplus funds from ultimate savers are matched to deficits incurred by
ultimate borrowers.The process by which ultimate savers are matched to ultimate borrowers.
c) The following institutions are or can act as financial intermediaries:
d) In 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank (the U.S. central bank, also known as “the Fed”) was
established, and given monopoly powers over member-bank policies and U.S. monetary policies
with the intendedpurpose of stabilizing short-term interest rates and preventing economic
downturns by providing as much liquidity as nec.
PART 11. Choose three economic indicators one of each type (lea.docxherbertwilson5999
PART 1
1. Choose three economic indicators one of each type (leading, lagging, and coincident). Define the measure, explain the timing and source of reporting, provide current measure and trend over the last year.
2. Which financial statement shows the amount of bonds and money market instruments a company has issued or invested in?
3. In most current financial statement from question #2 - what are the dollar amounts of bonds and money market securities that Amazon has issued? How much has Amazon invested in money marked securities?
PART 2
Find out which bonds Amazon has outstanding and share info about five of these bond issues based on info in the annual report. Info should include: Issue Date, Issue Size, Initial Term, Remaining Term, and Coupon rate.
What is the approximate size of the Bond Market and the Money Markets? For comparison, how large is the equity market? What are reasons for the significant difference?
PART 3
1. Let's think about factors that can influence each of these components, give at least one factor that affects each of the following:
a. Risk free rate
b. Inflation premium
c. Default risk premium
d. Liquidity premium
e. Maturity risk premium
2. How does collateral affect the interest rate on a bond? How does subordination affect the interest rate on a bond too?
3. Which financial statement is used to determine outstanding debt (bonds)? What bond issues does Amazon have outstanding (from annual report details)? Provide characteristics, features, and provisions of different bond issues from Amazon .
4. What are the primary bond categories and how do they differ?
Assignment 3
Chapter 4
1. The Fed Briefly describe the origin of the Federal Reserve System. Describe the functions of the Fed district banks.
5. Beige Book What is the Beige Book, and why is it important to the FOMC?
10. Effect on Money Supply Why do the Fed’s open market operations have a different effect on the money supply than do transactions between two depository institutions?
15. The Fed’s Impact on Home Purchases Explain how the Fed influences the monthly mortgage
payments on homes. How might the Fed indirectly influence the total demand for home by consumers?
chapter 5
1. Impact of Monetary Policy How does the Fed’s monetary policy affect economic conditions?
2. Trade-offs of Monetary Policy Describe the economic trade-off faced by the Fed in achieving its economic goals.
4. Active Monetary Policy Describe an active monetary policy.
5. Passive Monetary Policy Describe a passive monetary policy.
20. Impact of Inflation Targeting by the Fed Assume that the Fed adopts an inflation targeting
strategy. Describe how the Fed’s monetary policy would be affected by an abrupt 15 percent rise in oil prices in response to an oil shortage. Do you think an inflation targeting strategy would be more or less effective in this situation than a strategy of balancing inflation concerns with unemployment concerns?
Explain.
.
Something not right with the financial system ?Chirayu Mehta
This presentation points out the loopholes in the financial system and considers a possibility of a scam. It reveals interesting facts about the Federal Reserve Bank and its operation.
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture focuses on (US-centric) monetary policy.
There are three (3) types of textbook based homework items locate.docxrorye
There are three (3) types of textbook based homework items located at the end of each chapter. These include Review Questions (RQ), Exercises (E), and Problems (P). Some homework items have been custom created.
Complete the following from the textbook:
Chapter 4: E2
E2. As the executive of a bank or thrift institution you are faced with an intense seasonal demand for loans. Assuming that your loanable funds are inadequate to take care of the demand, how might your Reserve Bank help you with this problem?
Chapter 5: P1, P6
P1. Assume that Banc One receives a primary deposit of $1 million. The bank must keep reserves of 20 percent against its deposits. Prepare a simple balance sheet of assets and liabilities for Banc One immediately after the deposit is received.
P6. Assume a financial system has a monetary base of $25 million. The required reserves ratio is 10 percent, and there are no leakages in the system. a. What is the size of the money multiplier? b. What will be the system’s money supply?
76
CHAPTER 4
Federal Reserve System
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S
After studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
LO 4.1 Discuss how the Federal Reserve System (Fed) responded to the recent fi nancial
crisis and Great Recession.
LO 4.2 Identify three weaknesses of the national banking system that existed before the
Federal Reserve System was created.
LO 4.3 Describe the Federal Reserve System and identify the fi ve major components into
which it is organized.
LO 4.4 Identify and describe the policy instruments used by the Fed to carry out monetary
policy.
LO 4.5 Discuss the Fed’s supervisory and regulatory functions.
LO 4.6 Identify important Fed service functions.
LO 4.7 Identify specifi c examples of foreign countries that use central banking systems to
regulate money supply and implement monetary policy.
W H E R E W E H A V E B E E N . . .
In Chapter 3 we discussed the types and roles of fi nancial institutions that have evolved in
the United States to meet the needs of individuals and businesses and help the fi nancial sys-
tem operate effi ciently. We also described the traditional diff erences between commercial
banking and investment banking, followed by coverage of the functions of banks (all depos-
itory institutions) and the banking system. By now you also should have an understanding of
the structure and chartering of commercial banks, the availability of branch banking, and the
use of bank holding companies. You also should now have a basic understanding of the bank
balance sheet and how the bank management process is carried out in terms of liquidity and
capital management. Selected information also was provided on international banking and
several foreign banking systems.
W H E R E W E A R E G O I N G . . .
The last two chapters in Part 1 address the role of policy makers in the fi nancial system and
how international trade and fi nance infl uence the U.
Please read the description of the Religion ethnography carefully an.docxSusanaFurman449
Please read the description of the Religion ethnography carefully and then ask me in class to explain anything that isn't clear. You can also email me with questions.
At the end there is a short list of possible sites for the ethnography: Sikh, Islamic, Jewish, Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist. Shumei. There are other religions and many other sites. Bahai is an interesting religion but you have to be invited to attend by a member.
Mormon the same.
If you have access to a Santeria or similar ceremony, great!
To make the project worthwhile choose a site as different from your own background as you can.
If you have a Christian or Catholic background do not do your paper on any kind of Christian or Catholic service.
You are welcome to attend a non-English language service as long as you understand the language being used.
Be sure to okay your choice with me. Some places that don’t work for this project are Scientology, the Self Realization Fellowship, the Kabbalah Center, SGI Buddhist, Hare Krishna.
INSTRUCTIONS:
Attend a religious activity that you’re curious about and would like to explore.
You must attend a service, not simply visit a religious site.
Examples: a mosque, temple, synagogue, gurdwara.
You can probably find an interesting place of worship near where you live or work.
It’s always a good idea to phone or email the place of worship before you attend.
Research methods must include participant/observation and informal conversation. One slightly more formal interview is desirable.
Be absolutely sure to allow time to stay after the service for food, lunch, other refreshment, or informal gathering. This may well be the most important part of your experience and will enable you to answer the question, “What meaning does this place and this service have for the participants?
You must go some place you’ve never been to before. Do NOT choose your own tradition or somewhere you’re even a bit familiar with. Choose somewhere entirely new and different.
The important thing is to come to the service as an outsider, with the eyes and ears of an anthropologist and take note of everything. Use the skills you’ve learned in this class.
You can attend alone or with a co-researcher or two from the class. Best, you can be the guest(s) of a classmate or someone else you know and discuss the event with them. Invite a classmate or two to attend a service from your tradition.
Do not write about an event you attended in the past. But you can use past experiences for comparison and reflection.
It is almost never appropriate to jot down notes during a religious service. Better, write everything you remember immediately after the event. Get sufficient detail to write what anthropologist Clifford Geertz called “thick”, or rich description.
In writing your paper use terms we've discussed in class and think about connections to the reading we’ve done and films we’ve seen.
OUTLINE
: Include each of these sections.
Title Page,
or top of page: .
PLEASE read the question carefully. The creation of teen ido.docxSusanaFurman449
PLEASE read the question carefully.
The creation of “teen idols” is a tradition that stems back to Tin Pan Alley and the “old guard” way of making music. What were some of the factors that led to this point in the early 60’s? Is it still prevalent? If so, why? Name some examples.
.
Please reflect on the relationship between faith, personal disciplin.docxSusanaFurman449
Please reflect on the relationship between faith, personal discipline, and political integrity. Explain how the Progressive movement and the New Deal Court transformed constitutional interpretation. Briefly give 2 illustrations of how government regulations and/or subsidies (legal plunder, perhaps?) channels behavior and/or distorts markets. 400 WORDS
.
Please read the following questions and answer the questions.docxSusanaFurman449
Please read the following questions and answer the questions
This unit's chapter discussed concerns about quality programming in the media. Different models for assessing culture were discussed:
1) Culture as a Skyscraper Model and 2) Culture as a Map.
Come up with several television shows that serve as examples of “quality” programs and “trashy” programs. What characteristics determine their quality (plots, subject matter, themes, characters…)?
Is there anything you can think of that is “universally trashy”? Or universally in good taste?
On the whole, are Americans seen as having good taste? Why or why not? Is there a country/culture that always seems tasteful in its cultural products?
Which model (Culture as Skyscraper or Culture as Map) makes more sense to you and why?
i need 400 words
.
PRAISE FOR CRUCIAL CONVERSATIONS Relationships ar.docxSusanaFurman449
PRAISE FOR CRUCIAL CONVERSATIONS
"Relationships are the priority of life, and conversations are the
crucial element in profound caring of relationships. This book
helps us to think about what we really want to say. If you want
to succeed in both talking and listening, read this book."
-Dr. Lloyd J. Ogilvie, chaplain, United States Senate
"Important, lucid, and practical, Crucial Conversations is a
book that will make a difference in your life. Learn how to flour
ish in every difficult situation."
-Robert E. Quinn, ME Tracy Collegiate Professor of
OBHRM, University of Michigan Business School
"I was personally and professionally inspired by this book-and
I'm not easily impressed. In the fast-paced world of IT, the success
of our systems, and our business, depends on crucial conversations
we have every day. Unfortunately, because our environment is so
technical, far too often we forget about the 'human systems' that
make or break us. These skills are the missing foundation piece."
-Maureen Burke, manager of training,
Coca-Cola Enterprises, Inc.
"The book is compelling. Yes, I found myself in too many of their
examples of what not to do when caught in these worst-of-all
worlds situations! GET THIS BOOK, WHIP OUT A PEN AND
GET READY TO SCRIBBLE MARGIN NOTES FURIOUSLY,
AND PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE THE INVALUABLE
TOOLS THESE AUTHORS PRESENT. I know I did-and it
helped me salvage several difficult situations and repair my
damaged self-esteem in others. I will need another copy pretty
soon. as I'm wearing out the pages in this one!"
-James Belasco. best-selling author of Flight of the Buffalo,
l!l1trl!prl!l1eur. professor. und l!xl!cutive director of the Financial
Tilllrs Knowkdgc Diuloguc
"Crucial Conversations is the most useful self-help book I have
ever read. I'm awed by how insightful, readable, well organized,
and focused it is. I keep thinking: 'If only I had been exposed to
these dialogue skills 30 years ago ... '"
-John Hatch, founder, FINCA International
"One of the greatest tragedies is seeing someone with incredible
talent get derailed because he or she lacks some basic skills.
Crucial Conversations addresses the number one reason execu
tives derail, and it provides extremely helpful tools to operate in
a fast-paced, results-oriented environment."
-Karie A. Willyerd, chief talent officer, Solectron
"The book prescribes, with structure and wit, a way to improve on
the most fundamental element of organizational learning and
growth-honest, unencumbered dialogue between individuals.
There are one or two of the many leadership/management
'thought' books on my shelf that are frayed and dog-eared from
use. Crucial Conversations will no doubt end up in the same con
dition."
-John Gill, VP of Human Resources, Rolls Royce USA
Crucial
Conversations
Crucial
Conversations
Tools for Talking
When Stakes Are High
by
Kerry Patterson, .
Must Be a
hip-hop concert!!!!
attend a
hip-hop concert (in-person or virtual/recorded live concert on DVD or streaming platform) of your choice
THIS month.
After the concert, write an
objective review (1000 - 1500 words) of the concert detailing your experience.
Write A Review and include those questions!!!
The review should include:
1. The names of the performing groups/artists; the date and location of the performance.
2. Describe the setting. Is it a large hall or an intimate theater? What type of audience demographic is there? Young or old? How do they respond to the music?
3. The different styles/genres of songs the artist(s) perform.
4. Use your notes and experience to describe the different musical elements (i.e. melody, harmony, timbre, technology, form, volume, etc.) you recognize in most (if not all) the songs/pieces.
5. Be sure to arrive on time to hear the
entire concert.
6. Attach a photo of the flyer, ticket, or webpage (or social media event) when you submit this assignment.
7. Describe your personal reaction to the concert. List reasons why you think it was successful or not. However, do not make this the center of your paper. It should be
one or two paragraphs at the end. Further, use
data to support your arguments about why it was successful or not successful. (e.g., How did people respond verbally and non-verbally? Was this based on your perception or was there a general consensus? If it is a consensus, then what facts do you have to support this?)
8. Try to do some background research on the genre or artist before and after you attend the concert. This is not a research paper, but if you use any information from any source (including the artist's website), you
must cite it both in-text and on a works-cited page.
.
Mini-Paper #3 Johnson & Johnson and a Tale of Two Crises - An Eth.docxSusanaFurman449
Mini-Paper #3: Johnson & Johnson and a Tale of Two Crises - An Ethics Story Revised Submission
Read the following two PDF documents located at this link: click hereLinks to an external site.
·
Johnson & Johnson’s Tylenol Crisis
·
JNJ’s Baby Powder Crisis: Does Baby Powder Cause Cancer?
·
You are not expected to conduct any outside research
Based on your reading please write a short paper answering the following questions (do not answer with bullets, write a paper):
· JNJ’s response to the Tylenol Crisis is often cited as one of the best historical crisis management leadership examples. Given this perspective:
·
Compare JNJ’s response to the Tylenol Crisis to their response in the Baby Powder Crisis.
·
What actions by JNJ were highly effective in the Tylenol Crisis and why? Explain your examples and why you believe they are best practices
·
What could JNJ improve upon in the Tylenol Crisis?
· After reading JNJ's handling of the Baby Powder Class Action Lawsuit elaborate upon the following:
·
How did JNJs response differ from the Tylenol Crisis in the Baby Powder Lawsuit?
·
Given what you've learned from the Tylenol Crisis what are three potential recommendations/improvements JNJ could have made in the Baby Powder Lawsuit?
·
Ethics Analysis - consider your decision from the perspective of a senior advisor to senior leadership at JNJ (
there is NO right answer here, YOU MAY GIVE OPINION IN FIRST PERSON IN THIS SECTION ONLY (this is a special exception)):
·
· With what ethical actions do you agree or disagree regarding how JNJ handled the Tylenol Crisis?
· With what ethical actions do you agree or disagree regarding how JNJ handled the Baby Powder Crisis?
·
Be sure to reference at least 3 concepts from Chapters 9 and/or 12 in the textbook in answering this mini-paper. Please mark your references with "(textbook)" to make clear the references from the book.
Johnson & Johnson’s Tylenol Crisis
Background
“The killer’s motives remain unknown, but his — or her, or their — technical
savvy is as chilling today as it was 30 years ago.
On Sept. 29, 1982, three people died in the Chicago area after taking
cyanide-laced Tylenol at the outset of a poisoning spree that would claim seven
lives by Oct. 1. The case has never been solved, and so the lingering question —
why? — still haunts investigators.
Food and Drug Administration officials hypothesized that the killer bought
Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules over the counter, injected cyanide into the red
half of the capsules, resealed the bottles, and sneaked them back onto the shelves
of drug and grocery stores. The Illinois attorney general, on the other hand,
suspected a disgruntled employee on Tylenol’s factory line. In either case, it was a
sophisticated and ambitious undertaking with the seemingly pathological go.
Please write these 2 assignments in first person.docxSusanaFurman449
Please write these 2 assignments in
first person view. No need for citation. Please give me two files, the first one is a
Short Paper(600-700 words); the second one is
Long Discussion(450-500 words).
They are all about Art and Politics in Renaissance Florence Period
1. Short Paper
Street corners, guild halls, government offices, and confraternity centers contained works of art that made the city of Florence a visual jewel at precisely the time of its emergence as a European cultural leader. In shared religious and secular spaces, people from the city of Florence commissioned altarpieces, chapels, buildings, textiles, all manner of objects – at home, interior spaces were animated with smaller-scale works, such as family portraits, birth trays, decorated pieces of furniture, all of which relied on patrons, artists, and audiences working with the beauty and power of sensory experience. Like people all over Europe, viewers believed in the power of images, and they shared an understanding of the persuasiveness of art and architecture. Florentines accepted the utterly vital role that art could play as a propagator of civic, corporate, religious, political and individual identity.
Select one or two of the test case studies [that is, talk about Cosimo or Lorenzo the Magnificent or Savonarola's impact on Florence or the new Republic under Soderini] from this Module on Art and Politics in Renaissance Florence, and explore your understanding of people in Florence, who was so alive to the power and communication possibilities in works of art, objects, and spaces throughout the city and beyond.
Word count:
600-700 words
No need for citations.
2. Long Discussion
In this longer discussion forum, create an initial post of
450-500 words that explores these key concepts;
In this discussion post, talk about the political and social messages that you can see in the various works of art commissioned by the Medici, all the while being aware of the debate that was circulating about power and religion. If the content of the work of art is religious, how does the work convey political messages?
a video that may help
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAqE21zjQH4
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Personal Leadership Training plan AttributesColumbia South.docxSusanaFurman449
Personal Leadership Training plan : Attributes
Columbia Southern University
Dr. Mark Friske
Current Issues in Leadership
LDR 6302-22.01.00
10/14/2022
Introduction
Personal leadership style
personal leadership style attributes
Characteristics of a democratic leader
Charismatic leadership style
Charismatic leader
Transformational leadership style
Transformational leader
Charismatic vs. transformational
Impacts of transformational leadership
Reflection
Personal leadership style
Democratic leadership style
Embraces diversity and open dialogue as core values.
The leader's role is to provide direction and exercise authority.
Commands respect and admiration from those who follow you.
Moral principles and personal beliefs underpin all choices.
Seek out a wide range of perspectives (Cherry, 2020).
Behaviorist theory is the one that fits my style of leadership the best.
Being the change you wish to see in the world is crucial, in my opinion. According to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, "Behavior is the mirror in which everyone exhibits their picture." My main priorities are the well-being of the team members and developing effective solutions via cooperative effort.
personal leadership style attributes
Active participant
Each person is given a fair chance to speak their mind, and there is no pressure to conform to any one viewpoint.
Values other standpoints
I find it fascinating to hear the perspectives of others. To me, it's crucial that everyone in the team pitches in to find the most effective answer. To me, it's important to give everyone a voice on the team since they all have something unique to offer.
Characteristics of democratic leader
Attribute:
Talk About It
Subcontract Work
Get Other People's Opinions
Friendly
Approachable
Trustworthy
Participative
Motivate Originality
Regard for Others
Build Confidence
Life example
Working as a Management Analyst in the realm of government spending, I am frequently required to communicate with the Program Management Team of a third party firm. No collimated staff members prevent me from personally performing some of the work necessary to maintain an accurate external organization ledger. As a result, I need to be approachable, polite, and nice to my coworkers so that they would feel comfortable confiding in me and trusting me with their ideas. By consistently soliciting feedback from staff and management, I want to foster a culture of collaboration. This fosters innovation on the team and opens minds to new points of view.
Charismatic leadership style
They have excellent communication skills.
Passionate in furthering Their Cause.
Professionals have a lot of experience in their field.
Act with a level head (Siangchokyoo, et al. 2020).
Leadership traits and behavior are under scrutiny.
Win Over Huge Crowds.
Possible drawbacks
Frustratingly Diminished Clarity
Not Enough People to Make It Happen
Charismatic leader
Charismatic leader example:
pr.
Need help on researching why women join gangs1.How does anxi.docxSusanaFurman449
Need help on researching why women join gangs
1.How does anxiety increase the chance of girls joining groups or gangs.
2. sexual abuse on girls joining gangs
3. long-term consequences on girls joining gangs
4. depression and anxiety impact on girls joining gangs
5.death rates of girls joining gangs
6. health risks of girls joining gangs
.
Jung Typology AssessmentThe purpose of this assignment is to ass.docxSusanaFurman449
Jung Typology Assessment
The purpose of this assignment is to assess your personality and how that information might help guide your career choice. Understanding personalities can also help managers know how to motivate employees.
Find out about your personality by going to the Human Metrics website (www.humanmetrics.com - and TAKE the Jung Typology Test - Jung, Briggs, Meyers Types. It is a free test. (Disclaimer: The test, like all other personality tests, is only a rough and preliminary indicator of personality.)
·
Complete the typology assessment
·
Read the corresponding personality portrait and career portrait.
·
Think about your career interests, then answer the following:
How are your traits compatible for your potential career choice (Business Administration)? This should be around 250 words of writing.
R E S E A R CH
Co-administration of multiple intravenous medicines: Intensive
care nurses' views and perspectives
Mosopefoluwa S. Oduyale MPharm1 | Nilesh Patel PhD, BPharm (Hons)1 |
Mark Borthwick MSc, BPharm (Hons)2 | Sandrine Claus PhD, MRSB, MRSC3
1Reading School of Pharmacy, University of
Reading, Reading, UK
2Pharmacy Department, John Radcliffe
Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
3LNC Therapeutics, Bordeaux, France
Correspondence
Mosopefoluwa S. Oduyale, Reading School of
Pharmacy, University of Reading, Harry
Nursten Building, Room 1.05, Whiteknights
Campus, Reading RG6 6UR, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Funding information
University of Reading
Abstract
Background: Co-administration of multiple intravenous (IV) medicines down the
same lumen of an IV catheter is often necessary in the intensive care unit (ICU) while
ensuring medicine compatibility.
Aims and objectives: This study explores ICU nurses' views on the everyday practice
surrounding co-administration of multiple IV medicines down the same lumen.
Design: Qualitative study using focus group interviews.
Methods: Three focus groups were conducted with 20 ICU nurses across two hospi-
tals in the Thames Valley Critical Care Network, England. Participants' experience of
co-administration down the same lumen and means of assessing compatibility were
explored. All focus groups were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using
thematic analysis. Functional Resonance Analysis Method was used to provide a
visual representation of the co-administration process.
Results: Two key themes were identified as essential during the process of co-admin-
istration, namely, venous access and resources. Most nurses described insufficient
venous access and lack of compatibility data for commonly used medicines (eg, anal-
gesics and antibiotics) as particular challenges. Strategies such as obtaining additional
venous access, prioritizing infusions, and swapping line of infusion were used to man-
age IV administration pro.
Journal of Organizational Behavior J. Organiz. Behav. 31, .docxSusanaFurman449
Journal of Organizational Behavior
J. Organiz. Behav. 31, 24–44 (2010)
Published online 22 May 2009 in Wiley InterScience
(www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/job.621
Towards a multi-foci approach to
workplace aggression: A meta-analytic
review of outcomes from different
yperpetrators
M. SANDY HERSHCOVIS1* AND JULIAN BARLING2
1I. H. Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
2Queen’s School of Business, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Summary Using meta-analysis, we compare three attitudinal outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, affective
commitment, and turnover intent), three behavioral outcomes (i.e., interpersonal deviance,
organizational deviance, and work performance), and four health-related outcomes (i.e.,
general health, depression, emotional exhaustion, and physical well being) of workplace
aggression from three different sources: Supervisors, co-workers, and outsiders. Results from
66 samples show that supervisor aggression has the strongest adverse effects across the
attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. Co-worker aggression had stronger effects than outsider
aggression on the attitudinal and behavioral outcomes, whereas there was no significant
difference between supervisor, co-worker, and outsider aggression for the majority of the
health-related outcomes. These results have implications for how workplace aggression is
conceptualized and measured, and we propose new research questions that emphasize a multi-
foci approach. Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
I admit that, before I was bullied, I couldn’t understand why employees would shy-away from doing
anything about it. When it happened to me, I felt trapped. I felt like either no one believed me or no
one cared. This bully was my direct boss and went out of his way to make me look and feel
incompetent. . . I dreaded going to work and cried myself to sleep every night. I was afraid of
losing my job because I started to question my abilities and didn’t think I’d find work elsewhere.
(HR professional as posted on a New York Times blog, 2008).
Introduction
Growing awareness of psychological forms of workplace aggression has stimulated research interest in
the consequences of these negative behaviors. Workplace aggression is defined as negative acts that are
* Correspondence to: M. Sandy Hershcovis, I. H. Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada. E-mail: [email protected]
yAn earlier version of this study was presented at the 65th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Honolulu, HI.
Received 28 April 2008
Revised 17 March 2009
Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Accepted 4 April 2009
mailto:[email protected]
www.interscience.wiley.com
25 AGGRESSION META-ANALYSIS
perpetrated against an organization or its members and that victims are motivated to avoid (Neuman &
Baron, 2005; Raver & Barling, 2007). Much of this research (e.g., .
LDR535 v4Organizational Change ChartLDR535 v4Page 2 of 2.docxSusanaFurman449
LDR/535 v4
Organizational Change Chart
LDR/535 v4
Page 2 of 2
Organizational Change Chart
Organizational Information
Select an organization that needed a change to its culture as you complete the organizational change information chart.
For each type of information listed in the first column, include details about the organization in the second column.
Indicate your suggested actions for improvement in the third column.
Type
Details
Suggested Actions for Improvement
Vision
Insert the organization’s vision.
Mission
Insert the organization’s mission.
Purpose
Insert the organization’s purpose.
Values
Insert a list of the organization’s values.
Diversity and Equity
Insert the types of the diversity and equity observed in the organization.
Inclusion
Insert examples of overall involvement of diverse groups inclusion in decision-making and process change.
Goal
Identify the goal set for organizational change.
Strategy
Identify the implementation strategies followed to implement the organizational change.
Communication
Identify the communication methods used to communicate organizational change and the change progress.
Organizational Perceptions
Considering the same organizational culture and change goal, rate your agreement from 1 to 5 in the second column with the statement in the first column. Use the following scale:
1. Strongly disagree
2. Somewhat disagree
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Somewhat agree
5. Strongly agree
Statement
Rating (1 – 5)
Employees know the organization’s vision.
Employees know the organization’s mission.
Employees know the organization’s purpose.
Employees know the organization’s values.
Overall, the organization is diverse and equitable.
Diverse groups are included in decision making and processes for change.
The change goal was successfully met.
The implementation strategies were effective.
The organization’s communication about the change was effective.
Kotter's 8-Steps to Change
Consider the goal for organizational change that you identified and the existing organizational culture.
For each of Kotter's 8-Steps to Change listed in the first column, rate whether you observed that step during the implementation process in the second column. Use the following scale to rate your observation:
1. Never observed
2. Rarely observed
3. Sometimes observed
4. Often observed
Identify actions you suggest for improvement in the third column.
Step Name
Rating (1 – 4)
Suggested Actions for Improvement
Step 1: Create Urgency.
Step 2: Form a Powerful Coalition.
Step 3: Create a Vision for Change.
Step 4: Communicate the Vision.
Step 5: Remove Obstacles.
Step 6: Create Short-Term Wins.
Step 7: Build on the Change.
Step 8: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture.
Copyright 2022 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2022 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
image1.png
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In this paper, you will select an ethics issue from among the topics.docxSusanaFurman449
In this paper, you will select an ethics issue from among the topics below and provide a 3-4 page paper on the issue.
In the paper, you will address the following:
1. Explain the topic (20%)
2. Why the topic or issue is controversial (25%)
3. Is the controversy justified? Why or why not? (20%)
4. Summarize current research about the issue and at least two credible sources. At least one reference source should discuss the issue from a pro and the other should discuss from a con perspective. (20%)
5. Cite references in APA format (15%)
Topics may include:
Research on animals
Medical Research on prisoners or ethnic minorities
Patient rights and HIPAA
Torture of military prisoners
Off-shore oil drilling and the potential threat to biodiversity
Development in emerging nations and its impact on biodiversity
Stem cell research
Healthcare Accessibility: Right or privilege
Genetically modified organisms
Genetic testing and data sharing
Reproductive rights
Pesticides and Agriculture
Organ transplants and accessibility
Assisted Suicide
Medicinal use of controlled substances/illicit drugs
.
In the past few weeks, you practiced observation skills by watchin.docxSusanaFurman449
In the past few weeks, you practiced observation skills by watching
Invictus, a movie that tells “the inspiring true story of how Nelson Mandela joined forces with the captain of South Africa's rugby team to help unite their country.”
[1]. While watching the film, you were instructed to pay special attention to the factors relating to group dynamics for teams, which include but are not limited to
1. Team beginnings
2. Leader’s behaviors,
3. Communication Patterns,
4. Conflict resolution style,
5. Power styles,
6. Decision making style,
7. Creativity,
8. Diversity.
You were also instructed to identify leadership decisions and leadership styles developed by Nelson Mandela and Francois Pinnear (captain of the rugby team).
Write a paper (1000 words) to the following three questions:
1. Which leadership decision/style has impressed you the most? Why do you feel this way?
2. How does the leader contribute to the development of their leadership ability?
3. What specific decisions made this leader make them such an effective leader? Provide insight on how those under this leadership are affected by decisions made.
.
Overview After analyzing your public health issue in Milestone On.docxSusanaFurman449
Overview: After analyzing your public health issue in Milestone One and studying socioeconomic factors affecting healthcare in this module, you will write a short paper to identify and analyze socioeconomic barriers and supports involved in addressing the public health issue. Your paper must include an introduction to your public health issue, a discussion of socioeconomic barriers to change, a discussion of supports for change, and a conclusion with a call to action for your readers. Assume your readers will include healthcare administrators and managers, as well as healthcare policy makers and legislators.
Prompt: Write a short paper including the following sections:
I. Introduction
A. Introduce your public health issue and briefly explain what needs to change to address the issue.
II. Barriers
A. Identify two potential socioeconomic barriers to change and describe each with specific details.
B. Consider patient demographics (e.g., age, ethnicity, and education), geographic factors (e.g., urban/rural location), and psychographic factors (e.g., eating habits and employment status).
C. Justify your points by referencing your textbook or other scholarly resources.
III. Supports
A. Identify two possible socioeconomic supports for change and describe each with specific details.
B. B. Consider patient demographics (e.g., age, ethnicity, and education), geographic factors (e.g., urban/rural location), and psychographic factors (e.g., eating habits and employment status).
C. C. Justify your points by referencing your textbook or other scholarly resources.
IV. Conclusion
A. Conclude with a clear call to action: What can your readers do to assist in the implementation of the necessary changes?
Rubric Guidelines for Submission: Your short paper must be submitted as a 2-page Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and at least three sources cited in APA format.
.
Judicial OpinionsOverview After the simulation, justices writ.docxSusanaFurman449
Judicial Opinions
Overview: After the simulation, justices write judicial opinions in reaction to the oral argument, merits briefs, conference, and draft opinions as well as the facts of the case, Constitution, and case law. Justices circulate drafts so they know how their colleagues plan to rule and why, and so they can respond to one another in their final judicial opinion draft.
Instructions: You are a Supreme Court justice preparing an opinion for announcement. Read the case materials: case hypothetical, merits briefs, and judicial opinion drafts of your colleagues, and review your notes from oral argument and conference. Write a majority opinion resolving the major legal question in light of the facts of the case, Constitution, and case law, as well as all case materials: merits briefs, oral argument, and the views of your colleagues (in conference and draft opinions). Opinions must support an argument, refute counterarguments, and respond to attorneys (oral argument and/or merits briefs), and fellow justices (conference and/or draft opinions).
Opinions should contain the following five elements, in the following order:
1. an introductory statement of the nature, procedural posture, and prior result of the case;
2. a statement of the issues to be decided;
3. a statement of the material facts;
4. a discussion of the governing legal principles and resolution of the issues; and
5. the disposition and necessary instructions.
Each of these is developed further below.
Assessment: Complete opinions must support an argument, refute counterarguments, and respond to attorneys (oral argument and/or merits briefs), and fellow justices (conference and/or draft opinions). Strong opinions will be well organized, logically argued, and well supported through reference to and explanation of Supreme Court decisions and legal principles. Assessment rests on how well you make use of, identify, and explain relevant course material. It also rests on staying in character and not diverging from your justice’s political ideology and/or judicial philosophy.
Introduction
The purpose of the Introduction is to orient the reader to the case. It should state briefly what the case is about, the legal subject matter, and the result. It may also cover some or all of the following:
1. The parties: The parties should be identified, if not in the Introduction, then early in the opinion, preferably by name, and names should be used consistently throughout. (The use of legal descriptions, such as “appellant” and “appellee,” tends to be confusing, especially in multi-party cases.)
2. The procedural and jurisdictional status: relevant prior proceedings, and how the case got before the court should be outlined.
Statement of issues
The statement of issues is the cornerstone of the opinion; how the issues are formulated determines which facts are material and what legal principles govern. Judges should not be bound by the attorneys’.
IntroductionReview the Vila Health scenario and complete the int.docxSusanaFurman449
Introduction
Review the Vila Health scenario and complete the interviews with staff at Vila Health Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF). After completing the scenario, you will update the patient safety plan for the SNF and present it to the executive team. The safety plan will include meeting accrediting body requirements as well as regulatory obligations. The plan must be based on evidenced-based best practices and include tools, approaches, and mechanisms for reporting, tracking, and reducing patient safety incidents.
Instructions
After reviewing the Vila Health scenario, present your findings to the executive team at Vila Health by creating a 15-20 slide PowerPoint presentation. To be successful in this assignment, ensure you complete the following steps:
Research the health care organization's (Vila Health SNF) safety plan and propose recommendations to ensure the successes of their best practices.
Assess and propose how to link health care safety goals to those of the organizational strategic plan in order to create and sustain an organization-wide safety culture.
Analyze evidence-based practices within the organization's health care safety program, including falls prevention, medication errors, or others.
Establish protocols to identify and monitor patients who qualify for being at risk for falls, readmission, suicide, or others.
Develop mechanisms to coordinate and integrate risk management approaches into the organization's health care safety strategy.
Create mechanisms and tools as monitors for patients identified for being at risk.
Create ongoing evaluation procedures that provide continuous safe, quality patient care, and sustained compliance with evidence-based practices, professional standards, and regulations.
Submission Requirements
Your presentation should meet the following requirements:
Length:
15–20 slide PowerPoint presentation, excluding the cover slide and references list. Include slide numbers, headings, and running headers.
References:
3–5 current peer-reviewed references.
Format:
Use current APA style and formatting, for citations and references.
Font and font size:
Fonts and styles used should be consistent throughout the presentation, including headings.
.
In studying Social Problems, sociologists (and historians) identify .docxSusanaFurman449
In studying Social Problems, sociologists (and historians) identify "the defining moment" or a specific trigger event that brought about the need for social change (or the need to resist the status quo).
Give a brief history/background story of the social issue, and why and/or how it became a Social Problem. Provide supporting evidence.
What was the "defining moment" that catapulted the social issue into the political arena?
What was public policy was framed to address the problem?
.
I need help correcting an integrative review.This was the profes.docxSusanaFurman449
I need help correcting an integrative review.
This was the professor's feedback: Great job on your first draft :) Few things Past tense throughout the integrative review. Some of the sections are light on detail - need to check the requirements (Integrative review guidelines). This is an integrative review - not a study or project refer to it as an integrative review all the time.
.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
1. One of the functions of money is that it is a ‘store of value’..docx
1. 1. One of the functions of money is that it is a ‘store of value’.
Explain
2. What is the difference between fiat money and a credit card?
3. How do commercial banks maximize their stockholders’
wealth?
4. The Federal Reserve System (the Fed) is the central bank of
the United States. What are its primary functions?
5. Assume that the US economy is experiencing a rather severe
recession. How might the Fed utilize the discount rate to speed
up the economy? Explain in detail.
6. Assume that the US economy is experiencing a rather severe
recession. How might the Fed utilize open market operations to
speed up the economy (use lecture notes to answer this)?
Explain in detail.
7. Using the explanation in the lecture, explain how the Fed’s
purchase of bonds (securities) on the open market can not only
increase the money supply through banks’ lending but also
decrease the EFFECTIVE interest rate for borrowers. Use an
example with actual interest rates.
8. Explain how the required reserve requirement can be used by
the Fed to either expand or contract the money supply.
9. A) Using the formula given in the lecture, calculate how
much the money supply would increase given an injection of
$10 million with a required reserve ratio of 5%. B) Given the
same data, how much would the money supply decrease if $10
million were taken out of the money supply with a 5% required
reserve ratio?.
10. What 3 events turned an ordinary recession in 1929 into the
Great Depression?
11. Ironically technological advancements have made bartering,
which used to be an extremely inefficient exchange of values,
more and more popular in the present day. Think of and identify
four situations where present-day bartering becomes beneficial
to both sides of the transaction.
2. 12. Assume that you have 100 $1 bills. Assume also that I have
4 $100 bills. Explain why even though you have more paper
money (100 pieces of paper), the value of my four pieces of
paper is greater than yours.
13. The Federal Reserve can in effect expand or contract the
supply of money in the US.
a. Explain what you think the Fed must do to expand the money
supply.
b. Identify 2 reasons why the Fed would do this.
14. Is it possible that the Fed, since it supposedly acts
independently of the US government, could use monetary
policies (expanding or contracting the money supply) in order to
benefit only the wealthiest corporations and individuals while
ignoring the lower classes? Explain your opinion here in detail.
15. Explain your opinion as to whether you feel that using a
central bank (the Fed) to control all of the US’s major monetary
policies as well as all of its money is dangerous? What might be
some of the unintended consequences of giving this much power
to one private entity?
Module 7 Lecture (Ch. 18): Money and the Monetary System
What Is Money?
The answer seems simple enough, yet there are some false
illusions as to what is and what is not money. Basically, money
is anything that is commonly accepted in an economy as a
means of payment.
Money in an economy serves 3 specific purposes:
1. Medium of Exchange – it’s an object that may be used to
trade for goods and services
2. Unit of Account – This takes a medium of exchange and
translates the value of economic goods or services into the
medium of exchange’s terms. For instance, a gallon of gas may
be translated into the medium of exchange’s terms as $5 for one
3. gallon.
3. Store of Value – just means that the medium of exchange will
retain much of its value into the future.
There was a funny story back in 2001 about someone who
printed up $200 dollar bills with George Bush’s picture on the
front and then used this currency at a fast-food restaurant. This
could make for a funny vignette about the fact that the clerk
accepted this as currency and then made change for the food
purchase (the customer paid for a $2 ice cream cone and
received $198 in change!). Also, note that this is not
counterfeiting because it doesn’t replicate an existing bill;
although the perpetrator would likely face a charge of theft by
deception (of a very slow ice cream clerk!). (
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1147246.stm Links
to an external site.). Thus, students could print their own
currency as long as others will accept their declaration that it is
now the medium of exchange (though I wouldn’t recommend
this…).
Money Today
Today, money is termed fiat money. This just means that it has
value only because it is given legal status (the law makes it so).
It only includes:
· Currency – pieces of paper manufactured by the government to
put in your wallet (dollar bills)
· Deposits – money people put into bank accounts, credit unions
etc.
Money does not include:
· Checks
· Credit Cards
· Debit Cards
· E-Checks
· Currency inside of the bank
The Federal Reserve System (Fed) and Its 4 Most Important
4. Functions
The Fed serves many functions in the US economy, but its four
most important are:
1. The Fed regulates the money supply in circulation
2. The Fed supplies the economy with paper currency and coins
3. The Fed provides a system for check collection and clearing
(it acts just like your bank but instead of holding deposits for
people, it holds the deposits of individual banks).
4. The Fed holds reserves for most of the nation’s banks,
savings, and loans, credit unions etc. All depository institutions
are required by law to keep a certain amount of their deposits
on hand, held in an account at the Fed.
The Fed’s Use of Monetary Policies to Speed Up or Slow Down
an Economy
NOTE: MONETARY POLICIES ARE ACTIONS BY THE FED
(a private institution)
FISCAL POLICIES ARE ACTIONS BY THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT (Ch. 20)
Most of the information in the text up to pg. 492 is fairly
straightforward. What it’s necessary for you to understand,
however; are the monetary policies the Fed uses to either speed
up a sluggish economy or slow down an overheated economy
(inflation). In the following portion of this lecture, I’ve
attempted to simplify and explain in more detail the monetary
policies of the Fed (pg. 493 & pg. 497) and then conclude with
a much more detailed but more simplified explanation of the
money multiplier.
The Fed’s 3 Monetary Tools To Speed Up or Slowdown
Economic Activity
The Discount Rate – this is the percent interest rate that the Fed
charges commercial banks for borrowing money from the Fed.
When the discount rate is raised, the interest rate on loans
throughout the entire economy (homes, cars, appliances etc.) are
also raised by the lending institutions. This may be used in two
5. ways:
1.
·
a. Raise the discount rate to discourage borrowing which
discourages investment, new jobs etc. Raising the discount rate
is used to combat inflation.
b. Lowering the discount rate to encourage borrowing,
investment, higher employment levels etc. Lowering the
discount rate is used to combat economic slumps, recessions, or
depressions. Since the 2008 economic crash, this rate has been
almost or exactly zero to help jump-start the economy.
The Required Reserve Ratio – this is a policy set by the Fed
establishing a specific % of deposits as reserves (can’t use it to
invest, lend etc.).
2.
·
a. Example: the economy is overheated and inflation is
becoming a problem. Assume that the reserve ratio is 5% (for a
deposit of $100, the bank must keep $5 on hand with $95 left to
invest or loan). Now the Fed increases the ratio to 10%. The
bank must now keep $10 on hand and has only $90 to invest or
loan. This decreases the amount of economic activity by holding
that extra $5 in reserve (multiply that by the billions of dollars
deposited in banks, and you can see the economic impact.
b. Example: The exact opposite of the above. Assume the
economy is in an economic recession. To help create more
money for investment, loans, etc., the Fed will now lower the
reserve requirement. Assume the reserve requirement is 10%
(bank must hold $10 of a $100 deposit), but to increase
economic activity, the Fed lowers the reserve requirement to 5%
(bank must hold only $5 of the $100 deposit, adding an extra $5
to inject into the money supply.
6. Open Market Operations – this is when the Fed either purchases
or sells government securities (bonds) in the open market. This
accomplishes two goals:
3.
·
a. Increase or decrease the money supply. If the Fed purchases
bonds from individuals or banks, those individuals or banks
now have the cash to spend (the money received for the sale of
the government bonds they’ve been holding. This injection of
cash can help speed up an ailing economy. (The Fed would do
the exact opposite if it were contracting the money supply – sell
government bonds on the open market, taking cash out of the
economy.
b. Increase or decrease the interest rates throughout the
economy. By purchasing bonds in the open market, the Fed is
also decreasing interest rates throughout the economy. Here’s
how it works:
i. Assume the face value of a government bond is $1000 with an
interest rate of 6%. Whoever holds the bond gets $60 a year in
interest (1000 x 6%). Note that $60 ÷ $1000 = 6%
ii. Now to entice bondholders to let the Fed purchase their
government bonds, the Fed offers them a HIGHER price than
the original $1000. Let’s say the Fed offers $1200 per bond.
iii. No matter what, the interest on the bond will always be 6%
x $1000 = $60 (because that’s what’s printed on the bond. But
look what’s happened to the EFFECTIVE interest rate
throughout the economy)
iv. The interest received is still $60 after the purchase, but the
amount paid for the bond is no longer $1000; it’s now $1200.
The EFFECTIVE interest rate has gone from 6% to 5% ($60 ÷
$1200 = 5%).
1. What a neat tool! By purchasing bonds, the Fed has increased
the money supply AND decreased the interest rates throughout
the economy – a double whammy to increase economic activity
7. to help revive a sluggish economy.
2. This is pointed out in your text on pg. 493, where the author
describes the quantitative easing the Fed used following the
2008 economic crisis with huge purchases of government bonds
by the Fed.
If the Fed feels the economy is becoming overheated with too
much money and rising inflation rates, it would do the exact
opposite of the above (sell bonds for less than their face value,
contracting the money supply and increasing interest rates).
The Money Multiplier
The increase in the money supply combined with lower interest
rates as outlined above should help jump-start an ailing
economy, but there’s even another benefit to this: the amount
that this new injection of money will eventually grow into. This
is determined by the money multiplier. Let’s take a look at an
example.
· Assume the Fed purchases a $1000 bond from Commercial
Bank. Commercial now has added $1000 cash to its account.
· Assume that the reserve requirement is 10%.
· Commercial banks may now loan or invest $900 of that $1000
(10% of $1000 or $100 must be kept in reserves.
· Assume it loans $900 to John Smith. John Smith then deposits
that $900 into his bank.
· His bank now has an extra $900 and can loan or invest $810
(it must keep 10% x $900 or $90 in reserves.
· The initial $1000 injection into the economy has now grown to
$1810.
· We can calculate the total amount of money that the original
$1000 increase will grow into by using the following formula
(I’ve simplified the formula in your text to make sure you
understand the concept):
·
Potential Money Multiplier = 1 ÷ required reserve ratio.
· In this case, 1 ÷ 10% =10 or an initial injection of money into
8. the spending stream will grow by 10x.
· In the above case, the $1000 injection will grow into a
$10,000 injection (10 x $1000).
Let’s look at the first few rounds of the money multiplier:
Money Pultiplier
Round
Total Reserves
Deposits
Desired reserves
Loans
Total increase in the quantity of money
1
$1,000
$1,000
$100
$900
$1,000
2
$900
$900
$90
$810
$1,810
3
$810
$810
$81
$729
$2,539
If we followed this through to the finish we’d find an increase
in the money supply of $10,000. We used $1000 to simplify
things, but in reality, the Fed has been purchasing billions of
dollars of bonds in the attempt to revive the US economy from
the 2008 recession.
In theory, all of the above definitely shows a way in which an
economy can bounce back from a recession or depression. The
9. one thing it doesn’t take into consideration, however, is the
cooperation of the financial institutions involved. After the
2008 crash banks tended to lean toward the
DESIRED reserve ratio, actually keeping more money
on hand in reserves because of the high level of risk. This, of
course, put the brakes on the money multiplier. Let’s look at
what occurred:
Banks pre-2008 desired reserve ratio was about 1.2%
After the crash, banks increased their desired reserve ratio to
upwards of 12% even though the Fed’s required reserve ratios
were between 0% and 3% and up to 10% on deposits exceeding
a certain level.
This had the effect of limiting the multiplier from a normal
value of 9 (a deposit would grow into 9x that amount) to a value
of 5 (see pg. 503).
The Fed now has to wait until DESIRED reserve ratios decrease
enough to allow injections of money (purchasing bonds) can
take full advantage of the multiplier effect.
So What Does Monetary Policy Have To Do With Inflation?
There is quite a bit of evidence to support monetarists’ school
of economic thought (pg. 447) concerning the relationship
between the amount of money in circulation and inflation.
Let’s look at a simple fictitious example. Suppose the Fed
decided to print up and give to each adult $2 million. When you
first get your $2 million checks you can’t believe your luck.
What a deal! Remember though that everyone will get $2
million. That means that, like you, everyone will go out and
begin buying all of those items they couldn’t afford. The
problem though is that those items are limited. Production
levels have not increased, only the amount of money people
have has increased. This takes us back to our aggregate supply
and demand curves – the demand curve shifts outward and to
the right with corresponding HIGHER prices.
AS PEOPLE DEMAND MORE AND MORE OF A
10. SCARCE RESOURCE OR PRODUCT, THE PRICE OF THAT
RESOURCE OR PRODUCT WILL INCREASE. Put another
way, the value of the money that people have has fallen. Before
the $2 million injections, a basket of economic goods cost the
consumer $10. After the injection, the amount of goods in the
basket has not changed but its price has risen to $100. The
purchasing power of the dollar has decreased by 900% ((100-
10)÷10). What used to cost $10 now costs 9 times that much
(900% as much).
I’ve drawn a chart (Chart 18-A) to illustrate the effect that an
injection of money into the economy might have on inflation:
Notice that the ‘y’ vertical axis on the left (up and down) shows
the value of the dollar starting at $1 and moving downward to
$.20. Look all the way to the right side and you’ll see the price
level starting at $5 and moving upward to $25.
· Now, look at the vertical line labeled ‘Money Supply 1’. Point
‘A’ is the initial equilibrium point where the value of the dollar
is at $33, and the price level is at $15.
· Assume that the Fed decides to begin purchasing bonds,
putting more money into the hands of the consumer as well as
lowering effective interest rates throughout the economy.
· This pushes the supply of money from ‘Money Supply 1’ to
‘Money Supply 2’.
· With this increase in the money supply, the demand for money
begins to decrease from point ‘A’ to point ‘B’.
· As this occurs, the value of money (excess supply) has
decreased from $.33 at point ‘A’ to $.20 at point ‘B’.
· Coinciding with this is an increase in the price level from $15
to $25. This is because there is a larger supply of money for
consumers to spend, but the actual amount of goods and
services to spend the money upon has not increased. The extra
spending money for consumers has just given them the
opportunity to bid up the prices of goods and services, which
11. have remained the same in terms of quantity supplied.
So Do the Fed’s Monetary Tools Help or Hurt the U.S.
Economy?
Good question, and there’s considerable debate as to the
answer. When you read the Policy Application, the answer at
first seems fairly obvious, but the Fed’s policies have had
mixed results. The 1990’s were a positive for Fed policies as
opposed to its potential enhancement of the economic problems
of the 30’s, 70’s, and early 80’s. Added to that are the three
potential time lags (recognition, action, and effect) which tend
to hinder the Fed’s use of its monetary tools to stimulate or
slow down the economy.
It remains to be seen how positive the Fed’s use of discretionary
monetary policy will be in the 21st century. The years 2008-
2009 have already posed one of the biggest economic
stabilization challenges the Fed has faced since the Great
Depression. Only time will tell if its policies combined with the
fiscal policy will be able to lift the U.S. out of a deep recession.
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