1
Materials Testing,
Properties, Selection and
Modeling
FUNCTION
TRANSIT LOADS, HEAT,
CONTAIN PRESSURE, STORE
ENERGY, ETC; AT MAXIMUM
WEIGHT, COST, OR MAXIMUM
EFFICIENCY, SAFETY, ETC
MATERIAL SHAPE
PROCESS
//JMU.AC.UK/PFS/HS02G/STORE05/HS010464/Teaching/1A-2014-15/4112ENG/Week 10/Sccoter-3+Testing.ppt
2
DE Product Design Process
CONCEPT
EMBODIMENT
DETAIL
DESIGN TOOLS
FUNCTION
DEFINITION
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
CAD of LAYOUT
DETAILED CAD
MATERIALS
SELECTION
ALL
MATERIALS
(LOW PRECISION)
SUBSET OF
MATERIALS
(HIGH PRECISION)
ONE MATERIAL
(BEST AVAILABLE )
PRODUCT
MARKET NEED
Materials Selections: Properties and shape
http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAgQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcorrosion-pressurevessels.wikispaces.com%2FPressure%2BVessels&ei=1-7hVIPiMca5UanPgIAB&psig=AFQjCNFjX3bdBC0G-N5H2fGkm8i9F8wtCQ&ust=1424179287920540
http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeshop18.com%2Fair-bus-aeroplane-light-music%2Ftoys-baby-gear%2Factivity-toys%2Fproduct%3A30369296%2Fcid%3A17495%2F&ei=8e7hVIvCHJHqatLNgtgK&bvm=bv.85970519,d.d24&psig=AFQjCNGUikoPjKwQEAgmJvlCE53PbBus3g&ust=1424179317423704
http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebsite.lineone.net%2F~jim.henderson%2Fcycling%2Fanalysis%2Fframe.html&ei=mu_hVJj1JIGwU-HPgdAL&bvm=bv.85970519,d.d24&psig=AFQjCNF4YIiwCKwmEMBjI5MfDMl1mj9leg&ust=1424179362316395
3
Cycling Frame -Design
Distortions under
loading of the bicycle
frame (diamond frame )
Cycling Frame -
Strength
Structure
Cross-sectional
area of the tube
Materials
COMPONENT MAXIMISE
STIFFNESS
MAXIMISE STRENGTH
Tie i.e. tensile strut
E
Y
Beam
21 /
E
32 /
Y
Column i.e. compressive
strut
21 /
E
Y
Plate, loaded externally or
by self weight in bending
31 /
E
Y
Cylinder with internal
pressure
E
Y
Spherical shell with
internal pressure 1
E
Y
Typical Performance Index
4
Tutorial Question
1. Using the appropriate performance index, determine the type of material
which when used as a diaphragm will give the maximum diaphragm deflection
for a pressure difference across it. Consider glass, spring steel, nylon and
rubber.
Material Yield Stress,
Y
(MPa)
Tensile Elastic
Modulus, E
(GPa)
Density,
Mg/m
3
Spring Steel 600 200 7.8
Glass 50 70 2
Nylon 70 2 1
Rubber 20 0.004 1
http:/Diaphragm_valves
E
Y
2/3
Spring Steel:
Nylon:
293
102
)1070(
9
2
3
62/3
E
Y
Rubber:
22400
10004.0
)1020(
9
2
3
62/3
E
Y
Rubber has the highest performance index
value, therefore is the best material.
05.5
1070
)1050(
9
2
3
62/3
...
1 Materials Testing, Properties, Selection and Mo.docx
1. 1
Materials Testing,
Properties, Selection and
Modeling
FUNCTION
TRANSIT LOADS, HEAT,
CONTAIN PRESSURE, STORE
ENERGY, ETC; AT MAXIMUM
WEIGHT, COST, OR MAXIMUM
EFFICIENCY, SAFETY, ETC
MATERIAL SHAPE
PROCESS
//JMU.AC.UK/PFS/HS02G/STORE05/HS010464/Teaching/1A-
2014-15/4112ENG/Week 10/Sccoter-3+Testing.ppt
2
DE Product Design Process
5. Tie i.e. tensile strut
E
Beam
21 /
E
32 /
Y
Column i.e. compressive
21 /
E
6. Plate, loaded externally or
by self weight in be
31 /
E
Cylinder with internal
E
Spherical shell with
E
7. Typical Performance Index
4
Tutorial Question
1. Using the appropriate performance index, determine the type
of material
which when used as a diaphragm will give the maximum
diaphragm deflection
for a pressure difference across it. Consider glass, spring steel,
nylon and
rubber.
Material Yield Stress,
(MPa)
Tensile Elastic
Modulus, E
8. (GPa)
Mg/m
3
Spring Steel 600 200 7.8
Glass 50 70 2
Nylon 70 2 1
Rubber 20 0.004 1
http:/Diaphragm_valves
E
Y
Spring Steel:
Nylon:
293
102
)1070(
9
2
12. 1
)(
e
B
E
), using the data given in the table
below, calculate the materials index for each material and
discuss the type of material suitable for this application.
Material Modulus E
(GPa)
Density
(Mg/m
3
)
Shape factor
e
B
Wood 9.5 0.45 1-2
15. 8.1
)10120( 2
1
max
7
CFRP and Aluminium are more suitable for the application
based on the value of their performance index but cost is an
issue need to be considered. Etc.
Materials for Safe Pressure Vessels
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Function Pressure vessel =contain
pressure p
Objective Maximum safety
16. Constraints (a) Must yield before break
(b) Must leak before break
(c) Wall thickness small to
reduce mass and cost
Yield before break
2
2
f
IC
C
C
IC
K
Ca
20. Manufacturing
process
Future Development:
3D printing
Materials development through
shape
New Materials
can be
developed
through
modifying the
shape and
microstructure.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-
news/10372598/A-vision-of-how-3D-printing-may-change-the-
world-unveiled-Science-Museum.html
9
21. Ideas inspirited by
natures.
Materials development through
shape
Auxetic Materials (Materials Shrinks when Being
Stretched) and Applications
Use of FE modelling in
evaluating the effects
of shapes
Application of Auxetic Materials
10
CASE STUDIES
Use of FE modelling in Assessing
the Effects of Materials And Shapes
DUE: 3/11/2015 @ 11am est. “1 page” for $5 …..PLZ CHARGE
THE ENTIRE $5.00 W/HAND SHAKE. THXS.
1. What can our society do to lower the obesity rate of our
children?
22. 2. Read the definition of “wellness” in your textbook, then give
your own personal definition.
3. Go to: www.nationalwellness.org – Peruse the site and the
information. What does this site offer individuals?
Coursework Title: MATERIALS AND SHAPE SELECTION IN
DESIGN
Module Name: MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Introduction
This coursework is to be carried out as a group, each member
then writes an
individual report based on the data. It is designed to meet
Learning Outcomes 2, 4
and 5 of this module, as presented in the module specification.
Learning Outcomes:
Relate how the properties and behaviour of materials govern
their design and
manufacture through consideration of the basic mechanisms
involved
Apply a range of techniques for improving the properties and
performance of
materials
23. Use of different materials data and analysis methods for design
and product
developments
Select materials to meet the performance requirements of a
range of engineering
Transferable Skills
Data analysis; Presentation skills; Group work; Document of
experimental data;
Interpretation of FE data; cross comparison of FE modelling and
Experimental data
Coursework Specification and Corresponding Marks
1. Working in groups complete the two laboratory tasks (Task
1and Task 2); (The
lab results will be shared among the group members, 20%)
2. Prepare a PowerPoint presentation (slides only) covering the
aims of the work,
experimental setup, key results; discuss the main factors
affecting the accuracy of
the test and potential improvements (6-10 slides). (30%)
3. Using suitable examples (at least three), discuss the
importance of shape and
materials in the design and manufacture of engineering
structures in order to
achieve their mechanical functions and optimal performances
24. (3-5 slides). (30%)
4. Latest development of 3D printing and composite materials
have opened up the
possibility to produce very complex shapes/structures which
can’t be produced
through traditional manufacture process (e.g. machining),
propose potential novel
materials with new cross-section shape/ structure/functions,
which you think may
give a higher bending resistance and torsion resistance per unit
area. (Minimum 2
concepts each case, ideally in solidworksketch). Explain where
your ideas come
from and the rational behinds them, propose ways to test your
ideas and targeted
applications (4-8 slides) (20%).
For this coursework you are expected to submit an individual
presentation (Slides
only) demonstrating your understanding of the effect of
materials and shapes on the
25. mechanical behaviours of components and potential
development of new material
structures through innovative shape design/invention.
