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Learning Objective:
By the end of the lesson I will be able to
describe what coral is, where it can be found
and explain how coral reefs are built.
What is coral?
 It’s a living organism!
 It is an invertebrate
 2 different types:
 Reef Building: Hermatypic
 Solitary: Ahermatypic
 Coral are cousins to jellyfish and anemones
(Cnidarians)
 Today we will talk mainly about reef building
coral
Sun Coral Polyps
Where Can You Find Coral Reefs?
 Coral is found all over
the world:
 Tropical
 Temperate
 Polar
 Only tropical corals
build reefs
Coral reefs around the world
Coral Builds Reefs?
 The animal portion of
the reef is called a
polyp
 The polyp absorbs
calcium carbonate out
of the water
 The calcium
carbonate is used to
build the reef
Reefs Corals Build
Coral are Cnidarians
 Soft bodied
 Carnivorous
 Stinging tentacles
arranged in a circle
around their mouth
 Body symmetry
 Specialized tissues
Cnidarians
 Usually two life
stages:
 Polyp
 Medusa
 Gastrovascular cavity
 Food is broken down
here but digested
intracellularly
Cnidarians
 Respiration and
waste removal takes
place through body
walls
 Nerve net
 Some have a
hydrostatic skeleton
 Some move through
jet propulsion
Anatomy of Coral
 The coral polyps build
a calcium carbonate
cup called a corallite
to live in
 Coral has stinging
cells called
nematocysts
Stinging Cells
 Nematocysts help coral
catch food
 They also help protect the
coral
 When the cell is
stimulated, it releases a
sharp barb
 The barb will fire and
catch the food and bring it
back towards the mouth
https://youtu.be/8RFeh1kWSdU
Coral and Zooxanthella
 Symbiotic relationship
 Zooxanthella is an algae that lives in the
skin of coral
 Coral provides protection
 Zooxanthella provides food and color!
Coral is Picky
 Very specific habitats:
 Temperature: 73-75F
 Depth: Less than 80 ft to
230 feet
 Salinity: Normal salt levels
(35ppt)
 Light: Zooxanthellae need
light to survive
 Sedimentation: Being
covered with silt interferes
with photosynthesis
 Desiccation: being exposed
to air. The corals will die if
exposed too long
 Coral likes areas with lots
of waves:
 They are strong enough to
withstand the pressure
 Freshwater means more
food
 Waves remove silt
 New water brings more
oxygen
Asexual Reproduction
 To reproduce coral can
reproduce asexually or
sexually
 Asexual reproduction in
corals is called budding
 A baby polyp will begin
growing off the adult
 When it is ready it will
detach and live on its own
 This can not start new
colonies, only help the old
colony grow bigger
This is a hydra (cousin to coral)
with two buds. One bud (on the
right) is older than the other.
Coral Reproduction
 Sexual reproduction is called
spawning
 External fertilization
 It can start new colonies
 Sperm and eggs are released
into the water column
 The fertilized egg is then called
a planula
 The planula swims until it finds a
good place to live
A New Home
 Corals now have a
choice of where to
live
 Corals are very
sensitive and are
rapidly dying
 People are trying to
help by creating
artificial reefs
Arguments for Artificial Reefs
 It can help build or
rebuild a reef
 It will increase fish
populations by
making new
habitats
Arguments Against Artificial Reefs
 Moveable
 Chemical leaking and
leaching into the ocean
 It does not increase fish
populations but rather
moves them to one location
away from their natural
habitat which makes them
easier to catch
Reefs in North Carolina
 North Carolina has reefs too!
 They similar to tropical reefs
 Reef fish swept up on the Gulf
Stream live here until winter
 River beds that were covered
when sea levels rose
 Also made up of
 Low rock ridges
 Outcroppings
 Coral patches
 Ship wrecks

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1. Introduction to coral reefs.ppt

  • 1. Learning Objective: By the end of the lesson I will be able to describe what coral is, where it can be found and explain how coral reefs are built.
  • 2. What is coral?  It’s a living organism!  It is an invertebrate  2 different types:  Reef Building: Hermatypic  Solitary: Ahermatypic  Coral are cousins to jellyfish and anemones (Cnidarians)  Today we will talk mainly about reef building coral Sun Coral Polyps
  • 3. Where Can You Find Coral Reefs?  Coral is found all over the world:  Tropical  Temperate  Polar  Only tropical corals build reefs Coral reefs around the world
  • 4. Coral Builds Reefs?  The animal portion of the reef is called a polyp  The polyp absorbs calcium carbonate out of the water  The calcium carbonate is used to build the reef
  • 6. Coral are Cnidarians  Soft bodied  Carnivorous  Stinging tentacles arranged in a circle around their mouth  Body symmetry  Specialized tissues
  • 7. Cnidarians  Usually two life stages:  Polyp  Medusa  Gastrovascular cavity  Food is broken down here but digested intracellularly
  • 8. Cnidarians  Respiration and waste removal takes place through body walls  Nerve net  Some have a hydrostatic skeleton  Some move through jet propulsion
  • 9. Anatomy of Coral  The coral polyps build a calcium carbonate cup called a corallite to live in  Coral has stinging cells called nematocysts
  • 10. Stinging Cells  Nematocysts help coral catch food  They also help protect the coral  When the cell is stimulated, it releases a sharp barb  The barb will fire and catch the food and bring it back towards the mouth
  • 11.
  • 13. Coral and Zooxanthella  Symbiotic relationship  Zooxanthella is an algae that lives in the skin of coral  Coral provides protection  Zooxanthella provides food and color!
  • 14. Coral is Picky  Very specific habitats:  Temperature: 73-75F  Depth: Less than 80 ft to 230 feet  Salinity: Normal salt levels (35ppt)  Light: Zooxanthellae need light to survive  Sedimentation: Being covered with silt interferes with photosynthesis  Desiccation: being exposed to air. The corals will die if exposed too long  Coral likes areas with lots of waves:  They are strong enough to withstand the pressure  Freshwater means more food  Waves remove silt  New water brings more oxygen
  • 15. Asexual Reproduction  To reproduce coral can reproduce asexually or sexually  Asexual reproduction in corals is called budding  A baby polyp will begin growing off the adult  When it is ready it will detach and live on its own  This can not start new colonies, only help the old colony grow bigger This is a hydra (cousin to coral) with two buds. One bud (on the right) is older than the other.
  • 16. Coral Reproduction  Sexual reproduction is called spawning  External fertilization  It can start new colonies  Sperm and eggs are released into the water column  The fertilized egg is then called a planula  The planula swims until it finds a good place to live
  • 17. A New Home  Corals now have a choice of where to live  Corals are very sensitive and are rapidly dying  People are trying to help by creating artificial reefs
  • 18. Arguments for Artificial Reefs  It can help build or rebuild a reef  It will increase fish populations by making new habitats
  • 19. Arguments Against Artificial Reefs  Moveable  Chemical leaking and leaching into the ocean  It does not increase fish populations but rather moves them to one location away from their natural habitat which makes them easier to catch
  • 20. Reefs in North Carolina  North Carolina has reefs too!  They similar to tropical reefs  Reef fish swept up on the Gulf Stream live here until winter  River beds that were covered when sea levels rose  Also made up of  Low rock ridges  Outcroppings  Coral patches  Ship wrecks