1. In 1986, Congress enacted the Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor.pdf
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1. In 1986, Congress enacted the Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA) to ensure public access to emergency services regardless of ability to pay. Section 1867 of the Social Security Act imposes specific obligations on Medicare-participating hospitals that offer emergency services to provide a medical screening examination (MSE) when a request is made for examination or treatment for an emergency medical condition (EMC), including active labor, regardless of an individual\'s ability to pay. Hospitals are then required to provide stabilizing treatment for patients with EMCs. If a hospital is unable to stabilize a patient within its capability, or if the patient requests, an appropriate transfer should be implemented. 2. All patients should be guaranteed the following freedoms: To seek consultation with the physician(s) of their choice; To contract with their physician(s) on mutually agreeable terms; To be treated confidentially, with access to their records limited to those involved in their care or designated by the patient; To use their own resources to purchase the care of their choice; To refuse medical treatment even if it is recommended by their physician(s); To be informed about their medical condition, the risks and benefits of treatment and appropriate alternatives; To refuse third-party interference in their medical care, and to be confident that their actions in seeking or declining medical care will not result in third-party-imposed penalties for patients or physicians; 3. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA; Pub.L. 104–191, 110 Stat. 1936, enacted August 21, 1996) was enacted by the United States Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996. It has been known as the Kennedy–Kassebaum Act or Kassebaum-Kennedy Act after two of its leading sponsors.[1][2] Title I of HIPAA protects health insurance coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs. Title II of HIPAA, known as the Administrative Simplification (AS) provisions, requires the establishment of national standards forelectronic health care transactions and national identifiers for providers, health insurance plans, and employers. Solution 1. In 1986, Congress enacted the Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA) to ensure public access to emergency services regardless of ability to pay. Section 1867 of the Social Security Act imposes specific obligations on Medicare-participating hospitals that offer emergency services to provide a medical screening examination (MSE) when a request is made for examination or treatment for an emergency medical condition (EMC), including active labor, regardless of an individual\'s ability to pay. Hospitals are then required to provide stabilizing treatment for patients with EMCs. If a hospital is unable to stabilize a patient within its capability, or if the patient requests, an appropriate transfer should be implemented. 2. All patients should be guarante.
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![1. In 1986, Congress enacted the Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA) to
ensure public access to emergency services regardless of ability to pay. Section 1867 of the
Social Security Act imposes specific obligations on Medicare-participating hospitals that offer
emergency services to provide a medical screening examination (MSE) when a request is made
for examination or treatment for an emergency medical condition (EMC), including active labor,
regardless of an individual's ability to pay. Hospitals are then required to provide stabilizing
treatment for patients with EMCs. If a hospital is unable to stabilize a patient within its
capability, or if the patient requests, an appropriate transfer should be implemented.
2. All patients should be guaranteed the following freedoms:
To seek consultation with the physician(s) of their choice;
To contract with their physician(s) on mutually agreeable terms;
To be treated confidentially, with access to their records limited to those involved in their care or
designated by the patient;
To use their own resources to purchase the care of their choice;
To refuse medical treatment even if it is recommended by their physician(s);
To be informed about their medical condition, the risks and benefits of treatment and appropriate
alternatives;
To refuse third-party interference in their medical care, and to be confident that their actions in
seeking or declining medical care will not result in third-party-imposed penalties for patients or
physicians;
3. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA; Pub.L. 104–191,
110 Stat. 1936, enacted August 21, 1996) was enacted by the United States Congress and signed
by President Bill Clinton in 1996. It has been known as the Kennedy–Kassebaum Act or
Kassebaum-Kennedy Act after two of its leading sponsors.[1][2] Title I of HIPAA protects
health insurance coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs.
Title II of HIPAA, known as the Administrative Simplification (AS) provisions, requires the
establishment of national standards forelectronic health care transactions and national identifiers
for providers, health insurance plans, and employers.
Solution
1. In 1986, Congress enacted the Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA) to
ensure public access to emergency services regardless of ability to pay. Section 1867 of the
Social Security Act imposes specific obligations on Medicare-participating hospitals that offer
emergency services to provide a medical screening examination (MSE) when a request is made](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1-230408040719-a316bcf7/85/1-In-1986-Congress-enacted-the-Emergency-Medical-Treatment-Labor-pdf-1-320.jpg)
![for examination or treatment for an emergency medical condition (EMC), including active labor,
regardless of an individual's ability to pay. Hospitals are then required to provide stabilizing
treatment for patients with EMCs. If a hospital is unable to stabilize a patient within its
capability, or if the patient requests, an appropriate transfer should be implemented.
2. All patients should be guaranteed the following freedoms:
To seek consultation with the physician(s) of their choice;
To contract with their physician(s) on mutually agreeable terms;
To be treated confidentially, with access to their records limited to those involved in their care or
designated by the patient;
To use their own resources to purchase the care of their choice;
To refuse medical treatment even if it is recommended by their physician(s);
To be informed about their medical condition, the risks and benefits of treatment and appropriate
alternatives;
To refuse third-party interference in their medical care, and to be confident that their actions in
seeking or declining medical care will not result in third-party-imposed penalties for patients or
physicians;
3. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA; Pub.L. 104–191,
110 Stat. 1936, enacted August 21, 1996) was enacted by the United States Congress and signed
by President Bill Clinton in 1996. It has been known as the Kennedy–Kassebaum Act or
Kassebaum-Kennedy Act after two of its leading sponsors.[1][2] Title I of HIPAA protects
health insurance coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs.
Title II of HIPAA, known as the Administrative Simplification (AS) provisions, requires the
establishment of national standards forelectronic health care transactions and national identifiers
for providers, health insurance plans, and employers.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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The “global perspective” you just read was brief for two reasons. First, a full treatment of international and foreign health rights is well beyond the scope of this chapter, and second, historically speaking, international law has played a limited role in influencing this nation’s domestic legal principles. As one author commented, “Historically the United States has been uniquely averse to accepting international human rights standards and conforming national laws to meet them.”15(p1156) This fact is no less true in the area of health rights than in any other major area of law. As described earlier in this chapter, universal rights to health care are virtually nonexistent in the United States, even though this stance renders it almost solitary among industrialized nations of the world.
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The remainder of this section describes more fully the various types of individual rights associated with the healthcare system. We categorize these rights as follows:
· 1. Rights related to receiving services explicitly provided under healthcare, health financing, or health insurance laws; for example, the Examination and Treatment for Emergency Medical Conditions and Women in Labor Act, Medicaid, and the Affordable Care Act.
· 2. Rights concerning freedom of choice and freedom from government interference when making healthcare decisions; for example, choosing to have an abortion.
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The “global perspective” you just read was brief for two reasons. First, a full treatment of international and foreign health rights is well beyond the scope of this chapter, and second, historically speaking, international law has played a limited role in influencing this nation’s domestic legal principles. As one author commented, “Historically the United States has been uniquely averse to accepting international human rights standards and conforming national laws to meet them.”15(p1156) This fact is no less true in the area of health rights than in any other major area of law. As described earlier in this chapter, universal rights to health care are virtually nonexistent in the United States, even though this stance renders it almost solitary among industrialized nations of the world.
This is not to say that this country has not contemplated health care as a universal, basic right. For instance, in 1952, a presidential commission stated that “access to the means for attainment and preservation of health is a basic human right.”16(p4) Medicaid and Medicare were the fruits of a nationwide debate about universal healthcare coverage. And during the 1960s and 1970s, the claim that health care was not a matter of privilege, but rather of right, was “so widely acknowledged as almost to be uncontroversial.”17(p389) Nor is it to say that certain populations do not enjoy healthcare rights beyond those of the general public. Prisoners and others under the control of state governments have a right to minimal health care,18 some state constitutions expressly recognize a right to health or healthcare benefits (for example, Montana includes an affirmative right to health in its constitution’s section on inalienable rights), and individuals covered by Medicaid have unique legal entitlements. Finally, it would be inaccurate in describing healthcare rights to only cover rights to obtain health care in the first instance, because many important healthcare rights attach to individuals once they manage to gain access to needed healthcare services.
The remainder of this section describes more fully the various types of individual rights associated with the healthcare system. We categorize these rights as follows:
· 1. Rights related to receiving services explicitly provided under healthcare, health financing, or health insurance laws; for example, the Examination and Treatment for Emergency Medical Conditions and Women in Labor Act, Medicaid, and the Affordable Care Act.
· 2. Rights concerning freedom of choice and freedom from government interference when making healthcare decisions; for example, choosing to have an abortion.
· 3. The right to be free from unlawful discrimination when accessing or receiving health care; for example, Title VI of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin by entities that receive federal funding.12(p12),19
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In the US, “history of health care reform” is one of the most important topics in the political
debate since 20th Century. Candidates try to increase their vote bank by proposing alternative
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Several lessons can be learned from the history around the efforts to enact National Health
Insurance and/or Health Reform. The national health care reform in the Country is majorly
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President Truman recommended for universal health insurance coverage that would be
administered by the National Health insurance board. However, his proposal was rejected due to
huge oppositions from opponents as well as AMA. However, Mr. Truman’s efforts to increase
the number of hospitals and modernizing them were achieved.
Later on, President Kennedy supported the King-Anderson bill that was designated to give
insurance coverage to the people having the age of 65 or more. However, this bill was also
rejected due to the opposition of AMA and other powerful people.
From President Johnson’s efforts, Social Security Amendments of 1965 was passed that provides
insurance coverage to people having age of 65 or more. Besides this it also gives coverage to the
poor, blind and disabled people.
President Nixon has played a crucial role in passing of the Health Maintenance Organization Act
of 1973.
President Ford has experienced escalating healthcare costs due to medical inflation. To cope with
the problems, the National Health Planning and Resource Development Act of 1974 were passed
that helped to remove duplication of healthcare facilities and services.
President Jimmy Carter put lot of efforts to calling for the National health insurance having
universal coverage, although he did not received much success.
President Reagan has enacted several laws to reduce the federal expenses on health care.
However, his administration passed the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988.
President George HW Bush faced a huge disappointment, resentment and revolt due to the
Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988, because the Act forced the people to pay higher
premiums and taxes. Most of the Act was repealed after 16-17 months. President Bush has
helped to reform major healthcare legislations.
After that, President Clinton was elected as the president. He proposed “American Health
Security Act of 1993 to Congress. The Act was rejected due to huge opposition from most of the
healthcare and health insurance industry. This Act proposed that the health insurance coverage
should be provided by the private insurers and coordinated by the regional health alliances. The
government passed one of the important Act, i.e. The Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act.
President George W. Bush passed the Medicare Drug Improvement and M.
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The remainder of this section describes more fully the various types of individual rights associated with the healthcare system. We categorize these rights as follows:
· 1. Rights related to receiving services explicitly provided under healthcare, health financing, or health insurance laws; for example, the Examination and Treatment for Emergency Medical Conditions and Women in Labor Act, Medicaid, and the Affordable Care Act.
· 2. Rights concerning freedom of choice and freedom from government interference when making healthcare decisions; for example, choosing to have an abortion.
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The “global perspective” you just read was brief for two reasons. First, a full treatment of international and foreign health rights is well beyond the scope of this chapter, and second, historically speaking, international law has played a limited role in influencing this nation’s domestic legal principles. As one author commented, “Historically the United States has been uniquely averse to accepting international human rights standards and conforming national laws to meet them.”15(p1156) This fact is no less true in the area of health rights than in any other major area of law. As described earlier in this chapter, universal rights to health care are virtually nonexistent in the United States, even though this stance renders it almost solitary among industrialized nations of the world.
This is not to say that this country has not contemplated health care as a universal, basic right. For instance, in 1952, a presidential commission stated that “access to the means for attainment and preservation of health is a basic human right.”16(p4) Medicaid and Medicare were the fruits of a nationwide debate about universal healthcare coverage. And during the 1960s and 1970s, the claim that health care was not a matter of privilege, but rather of right, was “so widely acknowledged as almost to be uncontroversial.”17(p389) Nor is it to say that certain populations do not enjoy healthcare rights beyond those of the general public. Prisoners and others under the control of state governments have a right to minimal health care,18 some state constitutions expressly recognize a right to health or healthcare benefits (for example, Montana includes an affirmative right to health in its constitution’s section on inalienable rights), and individuals covered by Medicaid have unique legal entitlements. Finally, it would be inaccurate in describing healthcare rights to only cover rights to obtain health care in the first instance, because many important healthcare rights attach to individuals once they manage to gain access to needed healthcare services.
The remainder of this section describes more fully the various types of individual rights associated with the healthcare system. We categorize these rights as follows:
· 1. Rights related to receiving services explicitly provided under healthcare, health financing, or health insurance laws; for example, the Examination and Treatment for Emergency Medical Conditions and Women in Labor Act, Medicaid, and the Affordable Care Act.
· 2. Rights concerning freedom of choice and freedom from government interference when making healthcare decisions; for example, choosing to have an abortion.
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Solution
In the US, “history of health care reform” is one of the most important topics in the political
debate since 20th Century. Candidates try to increase their vote bank by proposing alternative
reform proposals in the presidential election.
Several lessons can be learned from the history around the efforts to enact National Health
Insurance and/or Health Reform. The national health care reform in the Country is majorly
influenced by the power of president, lobbying strength, costs, and complexity of the issues.
President Truman recommended for universal health insurance coverage that would be
administered by the National Health insurance board. However, his proposal was rejected due to
huge oppositions from opponents as well as AMA. However, Mr. Truman’s efforts to increase
the number of hospitals and modernizing them were achieved.
Later on, President Kennedy supported the King-Anderson bill that was designated to give
insurance coverage to the people having the age of 65 or more. However, this bill was also
rejected due to the opposition of AMA and other powerful people.
From President Johnson’s efforts, Social Security Amendments of 1965 was passed that provides
insurance coverage to people having age of 65 or more. Besides this it also gives coverage to the
poor, blind and disabled people.
President Nixon has played a crucial role in passing of the Health Maintenance Organization Act
of 1973.
President Ford has experienced escalating healthcare costs due to medical inflation. To cope with
the problems, the National Health Planning and Resource Development Act of 1974 were passed
that helped to remove duplication of healthcare facilities and services.
President Jimmy Carter put lot of efforts to calling for the National health insurance having
universal coverage, although he did not received much success.
President Reagan has enacted several laws to reduce the federal expenses on health care.
However, his administration passed the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988.
President George HW Bush faced a huge disappointment, resentment and revolt due to the
Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988, because the Act forced the people to pay higher
premiums and taxes. Most of the Act was repealed after 16-17 months. President Bush has
helped to reform major healthcare legislations.
After that, President Clinton was elected as the president. He proposed “American Health
Security Act of 1993 to Congress. The Act was rejected due to huge opposition from most of the
healthcare and health insurance industry. This Act proposed that the health insurance coverage
should be provided by the private insurers and coordinated by the regional health alliances. The
government passed one of the important Act, i.e. The Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act.
President George W. Bush passed the Medicare Drug Improvement and M.
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Congresswoman Moody represents a state that borders Mexico. She is up for re election next year, and she will seek another term in office.
There are many undocumented workers that reside in her district. Congresswoman Moody is vocal about the need to provide health care to all that need it, but she also believes in fiscal restraint and does not support bail-outs for private facilities. She is well aware that her state’s Medicaid budget is almost exhausted for this year, and the state’s unemployment rate remains stubbornly high.
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All options must:
· Be within the power of Congresswoman Moody to do
· Be consistent with Congresswoman Moody’s values, and
· Address the issue identified in the problem statement
You will:
1. Identify 3–5 options for Congresswoman Moody’s consideration
2. Identify criteria that will be used to evaluate the options
3. Identify pros and cons for each option
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Page number 109
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The United States health care system has evolved from a tradition of local government responsibility for the poor to a mixed system with both public and private components. Key developments included the rise of hospitals and physicians in the late 19th century, the growth of private health insurance in the mid-20th century, and the creation of Medicare, Medicaid and managed care in the 1960s-1970s to address rising costs and access issues. However, debates continue around the appropriate role of government, consumers, providers and private industry in ensuring affordable, high quality health care for all Americans.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter, you will b.docx
This document provides an overview of individual rights in health care and public health in the United States. It begins by describing the "no-duty" principle in U.S. law, which means that individuals have no legal right to healthcare services and providers have no legal duty to provide care. It then discusses how U.S. law differs from international law and the laws of other countries in not recognizing health care as a fundamental right. The document goes on to describe the types of individual rights that do exist within the U.S. healthcare system and when public health efforts curtail individual liberties.
Fraud and Abuse Presentation
This document discusses key federal fraud and abuse laws that physicians must comply with, including the False Claims Act, the Stark Law, the Civil Monetary Penalties Law, and the Anti-kickback Statute. It provides an overview of these laws and their penalties for non-compliance. The False Claims Act prohibits knowingly submitting false claims and carries penalties of $5,500-$11,000 per false claim as well as potential exclusion from Medicare and Medicaid. The document also discusses qui tam provisions, state false claims acts, and the Civil Monetary Penalties Law which prohibits fraudulent and abusive billing activities.
Medicare Step By Step
This document provides an overview of Medicare's role as a secondary payer and its right to reimbursement from liability settlements. It discusses Medicare's history and the laws giving it secondary payer status when other insurance is available. The document then outlines a step-by-step process for paralegals to assist attorneys in processing Medicare liens incurred by clients and requesting waivers or reductions of those liens.
Hipaa
HIPAA protects individuals' personal health information and establishes guidelines for handling electronic healthcare transactions. It covers information in medical records like diagnoses, treatment reports, and conversations with providers. HIPAA gives patients rights over their data, requiring consent for releases except for certain marketing uses, and allowing patients to access reports on access to their records. The Privacy Rule establishes five principles: consumer control over information, appropriate boundaries on uses, accountability of covered entities, responsibility to the public in some cases, and security of protected health information.
Health Insurance in US
The document discusses health insurance programs in the United States, including both privately purchased insurance and government-funded social insurance programs. It provides details on Medicare, a social insurance program administered by the federal government that covers Americans aged 65 and older as well as those under 65 with certain medical conditions or disabilities. The document also outlines Medicaid, a joint federal-state program that covers low-income US citizens and legal residents. It discusses the history and evolution of both Medicare and Medicaid programs over time.
The Affordable Care Act Research Paper
The document is a research paper analyzing whether the Affordable Care Act is leading the United States toward socialism. It provides background on the ACA and defines socialism. It then examines perspectives both for and against the ACA. Those supporting the ACA argue it promotes life, liberty and happiness by expanding access to healthcare. Critics argue it increases taxes and the national debt while exacerbating doctor shortages and reducing care quality by increasing demand. The conclusion is that while the ACA promotes equality in healthcare, in practice it gives the government greater control over the system and resources, raising concerns about the country moving toward a socialized system.
Dave Rennalls Course Project Final
This document discusses informed consent in emergency situations. It begins with an introduction to informed consent and its importance. It then discusses the historical development of the informed consent doctrine and how cases have shaped its scope. It also examines the legal issues around informed consent in emergency situations, noting exceptions allow treatment without consent if the benefit outweighs the harm. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for all parties to understand this aspect of healthcare law and ethics.
yes, roasting essentially means heating the ore, .pdf
yes, roasting essentially means heating the ore, in excess of air, to a temperature
below the melting point of the metal. this expels moisture, and converts the impurities to oxides.
Solution
yes, roasting essentially means heating the ore, in excess of air, to a temperature
below the melting point of the metal. this expels moisture, and converts the impurities to oxides..
There is no figure,Please upload it .pdf
This document does not contain any text or figures to summarize. The document simply states "There is no figure,Please upload it" twice without providing any other context or information.
The adition is slow because the benzyne formed is.pdf
The adition is slow because the benzyne formed is unstable, so itcould react with
the reagent and form other species. The driving force of the reaction is the formation of
stableproducts (N2 and CO2), but you are right,benzyne is so unstable that it can react with the
solvent oranother compound present in the medium.
Solution
The adition is slow because the benzyne formed is unstable, so itcould react with
the reagent and form other species. The driving force of the reaction is the formation of
stableproducts (N2 and CO2), but you are right,benzyne is so unstable that it can react with the
solvent oranother compound present in the medium..
only 1(I) .pdf
This very short document contains a single line of text that reads "only 1(I)". It does not provide much context or information to summarize in 3 sentences or less.
More Related Content
Similar to 1. In 1986, Congress enacted the Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor.pdf
Review pages 109–110 of Essentials of Health Policy and Law as wel.docx
Review pages 109–110 of Essentials of Health Policy and Law as well as the following legislation:
Examination and Treatment for Emergency Medical Conditions and Women in Labor
You are a consultant specializing in policy analysis. Based on theExamination and Treatment for Emergency Medical Conditions and Women in Labor legislation, as well as the situation that follows, you will complete a policy analysis with 3–5 options for your client, Congresswoman Moody, to consider.
Congresswoman Moody represents a state that borders Mexico. She is up for re election next year, and she will seek another term in office.
There are many undocumented workers that reside in her district. Congresswoman Moody is vocal about the need to provide health care to all that need it, but she also believes in fiscal restraint and does not support bail-outs for private facilities. She is well aware that her state’s Medicaid budget is almost exhausted for this year, and the state’s unemployment rate remains stubbornly high.
Apart from the voters, other affected constituents include three private regional medical centers trauma units that receive referrals from five or more small facilities that have emergency departments with lesser trauma status. Also, the largest health care corporation that owns two of the three medical centers in her catchment area, and which supported her in her last bid for election with campaign funds at the allowable limit, is threatening to refuse Medicare and Medicaid patients to ensure survival in the bad economy. An increase in unfunded mandates for urgent care may push this corporation into private payer only, and Congresswoman Moody is aware that there are enough affluent families in the area to support two facilities providing only designer medicine and concierge services.
All options must:
· Be within the power of Congresswoman Moody to do
· Be consistent with Congresswoman Moody’s values, and
· Address the issue identified in the problem statement
You will:
1. Identify 3–5 options for Congresswoman Moody’s consideration
2. Identify criteria that will be used to evaluate the options
3. Identify pros and cons for each option
4. Use a side-by-side table (MS® Excel® would be appropriate for this) to assist in analyzing the options.
Submitting Your Assignment
Prepare your written Assignment in a Word and/or Excel document and save it in a location and with a name you will remember, using the following naming convention: username-assignment-unit#.doc.
Page number 109
In terms of national constitutions, a 2004 survey reported that some two-thirds of constitutions worldwide address health or health care, and that almost all of these do so in universal terms, rather than being limited to certain populations.13 For example, consider the health-related constitutional aspects of four politically and culturally diverse countries—Italy, the Netherlands, South Africa, and Poland—that have some type of “right to health”: Italy’s Constitution guarantees a ...
Evaluatinmg Obamacare: health reform- January, 2014
Observations on the needs for, the contents of, and many of the practical effects of the Affordable care Act or Obamacare. Understanding its benefits and shortcomings
The Politics of Health Care
The document discusses the history of health policy and reform efforts in the United States over several decades. It outlines key programs and legislation from the 1900s onward that attempted to address issues of access, costs, and quality of healthcare. The document argues that meaningful reform is difficult due to the complexity of the healthcare system and the many political and economic interests involved. Future reform efforts will need to focus on reducing costs while improving quality and access.
Healthcare Law and Ethics
This document discusses key concepts in healthcare law and ethics. It covers basics of healthcare law including different types of laws, how laws are created and interpreted, and civil vs criminal law. It also discusses the relationship between healthcare providers and consumers, important consumer laws like HIPAA and EMTALA, informed consent, patient bills of rights, ethical standards and considerations, and issues at the intersection of ethics and public health.
Us health care system
This presentation provides a history of the US healthcare system from the 1900s to the present. It discusses key events and legislation that shaped the system such as the establishment of organized medicine in the 1900s, the first health insurance program in 1929, Medicare and Medicaid in 1965, and the Affordable Care Act in 2010. The presentation also examines stakeholders, financial, legal, ethical and regulatory aspects of the current system.
Power,politics, and healthcare
This Presentation was presented to Mr.Wasif Ali Waseer Lecturer Sociology UMT,Lahore. Which describe the power, politics and health care system of Australia and Pakistan. It also provides few suggestions that can healp in improving health care system of Pakistan
Get Corpus Christi Group Health Insurance with Preventative Care Before Changes
While patients and employers argue against its constitutionality due an unwieldiness factor; there has been little evidence presented thus far on how this structure affects policy holders.
Week 3 Political Governmental.docx
1) The document discusses how catastrophic disasters disrupt health systems by damaging infrastructure, overwhelming capacity, and separating people from their regular medical care. This challenges legal and regulatory requirements for providing medical care.
2) It describes scenarios where legal issues may arise, such as whether licensing allows out-of-jurisdiction medical volunteers to practice, or what emergency powers governments can exercise over healthcare.
3) Medical providers still face liability risks for their actions during emergencies. Most governments provide some immunity for volunteer medical professionals through good samaritan laws, but there is uncertainty around things like compensation and for-profit entities. Coordinating with official emergency response programs helps reduce liability.
Hipaa,obra ariz
The document discusses the HIPAA Privacy Rule, which establishes national standards for protecting individuals' personal health information. It requires covered entities like health plans and healthcare providers to keep protected health information private. The Rule balances allowing information sharing needed for healthcare treatment and operations while protecting individuals' privacy. It outlines permitted uses and disclosures of health information for treatment, payment and operations without requiring individual authorization. The Rule is flexible to address various uses while still comprehensively regulating protected health information.
Essay Health Care Reform
The document discusses the history of health care reform debates in the United States. It provides background on past reform efforts and outlines some of the key provisions and goals of the Affordable Care Act signed into law in 2010, including expanding access to health insurance coverage and aiming to reduce overall health care costs. The document also notes that health care reform remains a vital political issue and that significant obstacles have prevented major changes since 1965.
The evolution of the health care system
The United States health care system has evolved from a tradition of local government responsibility for the poor to a mixed system with both public and private components. Key developments included the rise of hospitals and physicians in the late 19th century, the growth of private health insurance in the mid-20th century, and the creation of Medicare, Medicaid and managed care in the 1960s-1970s to address rising costs and access issues. However, debates continue around the appropriate role of government, consumers, providers and private industry in ensuring affordable, high quality health care for all Americans.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter, you will b.docx
This document provides an overview of individual rights in health care and public health in the United States. It begins by describing the "no-duty" principle in U.S. law, which means that individuals have no legal right to healthcare services and providers have no legal duty to provide care. It then discusses how U.S. law differs from international law and the laws of other countries in not recognizing health care as a fundamental right. The document goes on to describe the types of individual rights that do exist within the U.S. healthcare system and when public health efforts curtail individual liberties.
Fraud and Abuse Presentation
This document discusses key federal fraud and abuse laws that physicians must comply with, including the False Claims Act, the Stark Law, the Civil Monetary Penalties Law, and the Anti-kickback Statute. It provides an overview of these laws and their penalties for non-compliance. The False Claims Act prohibits knowingly submitting false claims and carries penalties of $5,500-$11,000 per false claim as well as potential exclusion from Medicare and Medicaid. The document also discusses qui tam provisions, state false claims acts, and the Civil Monetary Penalties Law which prohibits fraudulent and abusive billing activities.
Medicare Step By Step
This document provides an overview of Medicare's role as a secondary payer and its right to reimbursement from liability settlements. It discusses Medicare's history and the laws giving it secondary payer status when other insurance is available. The document then outlines a step-by-step process for paralegals to assist attorneys in processing Medicare liens incurred by clients and requesting waivers or reductions of those liens.
Hipaa
HIPAA protects individuals' personal health information and establishes guidelines for handling electronic healthcare transactions. It covers information in medical records like diagnoses, treatment reports, and conversations with providers. HIPAA gives patients rights over their data, requiring consent for releases except for certain marketing uses, and allowing patients to access reports on access to their records. The Privacy Rule establishes five principles: consumer control over information, appropriate boundaries on uses, accountability of covered entities, responsibility to the public in some cases, and security of protected health information.
Health Insurance in US
The document discusses health insurance programs in the United States, including both privately purchased insurance and government-funded social insurance programs. It provides details on Medicare, a social insurance program administered by the federal government that covers Americans aged 65 and older as well as those under 65 with certain medical conditions or disabilities. The document also outlines Medicaid, a joint federal-state program that covers low-income US citizens and legal residents. It discusses the history and evolution of both Medicare and Medicaid programs over time.
The Affordable Care Act Research Paper
The document is a research paper analyzing whether the Affordable Care Act is leading the United States toward socialism. It provides background on the ACA and defines socialism. It then examines perspectives both for and against the ACA. Those supporting the ACA argue it promotes life, liberty and happiness by expanding access to healthcare. Critics argue it increases taxes and the national debt while exacerbating doctor shortages and reducing care quality by increasing demand. The conclusion is that while the ACA promotes equality in healthcare, in practice it gives the government greater control over the system and resources, raising concerns about the country moving toward a socialized system.
Dave Rennalls Course Project Final
This document discusses informed consent in emergency situations. It begins with an introduction to informed consent and its importance. It then discusses the historical development of the informed consent doctrine and how cases have shaped its scope. It also examines the legal issues around informed consent in emergency situations, noting exceptions allow treatment without consent if the benefit outweighs the harm. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for all parties to understand this aspect of healthcare law and ethics.
Similar to 1. In 1986, Congress enacted the Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor.pdf (18)
Review pages 109–110 of Essentials of Health Policy and Law as wel.docx
Review pages 109–110 of Essentials of Health Policy and Law as wel.docx
Evaluatinmg Obamacare: health reform- January, 2014
Evaluatinmg Obamacare: health reform- January, 2014
Get Corpus Christi Group Health Insurance with Preventative Care Before Changes
Get Corpus Christi Group Health Insurance with Preventative Care Before Changes
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter, you will b.docx
LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter, you will b.docx
More from ANSAPPARELS
yes, roasting essentially means heating the ore, .pdf
yes, roasting essentially means heating the ore, in excess of air, to a temperature
below the melting point of the metal. this expels moisture, and converts the impurities to oxides.
Solution
yes, roasting essentially means heating the ore, in excess of air, to a temperature
below the melting point of the metal. this expels moisture, and converts the impurities to oxides..
There is no figure,Please upload it .pdf
This document does not contain any text or figures to summarize. The document simply states "There is no figure,Please upload it" twice without providing any other context or information.
The adition is slow because the benzyne formed is.pdf
The adition is slow because the benzyne formed is unstable, so itcould react with
the reagent and form other species. The driving force of the reaction is the formation of
stableproducts (N2 and CO2), but you are right,benzyne is so unstable that it can react with the
solvent oranother compound present in the medium.
Solution
The adition is slow because the benzyne formed is unstable, so itcould react with
the reagent and form other species. The driving force of the reaction is the formation of
stableproducts (N2 and CO2), but you are right,benzyne is so unstable that it can react with the
solvent oranother compound present in the medium..
only 1(I) .pdf
This very short document contains a single line of text that reads "only 1(I)". It does not provide much context or information to summarize in 3 sentences or less.
Yes, I do agree, that some eukaryotic cells survive only on the reso.pdf
Yes, I do agree, that some eukaryotic cells survive only on the resources provided by other
eukaryotic cells and that prokaryotic cells are not involved in this type of \"supply for life\".
Symbiotic root colonization by Eukaryotic cells by Mycorrhizal mycelia:
Mycorrhizal mycelia can only survive in a symbiotic relationship with other plant root \"cells
(eukaryotic)\" by supplying nitrogen materials to the plants followed by obtaining its nutrients
for survival. Mycorrhizal mycelia cannot survive outside the environment as prokaryotes do
The traits that allowed them to maintain symbiotic relationships are as explained in case of fungi,
in which hydrolytic enzymes have capability to assimilate \"nitrogenous material and supply\"
them to plants. The relative number of competitors, the relative availability of symbiotic partners
such as Mycorrhizal mycelia are living on the roots surface of the host plant as mutualistic
symbionts (supply of life) and enabling the host root colonization of land plants with increased
absorption of nutrients such as phosphates, nitrates, water etc. by providing the surface area for
absorption.
Fungi and plant symbiosis represents one of the most important interspecific eukaryotic
partnerships to have occurred on the planet. Fungal mycelia and ancient archaic prokaryotes are
living on the roots surface of the host land plants as mutualistic symbionts in 500 millions of
years ago and enabling the host root colonization with increased abruption of nutrients such as
phosphates, nitrates, water etc. by providing the surface area for absorption. This process
produced a vital photosynthesis rate by increasing total gross primary productivity finally
enhancing the release of exclusive amounts of oxygen in the atmosphere result in higher oxygen
concentration together to form ozone layer to protect against harmful UV radiation. The oxygen
gas is conductive to air-breathing animals on the land whereas dissolved oxygen is conductive to
all aquatic animals. These land plants with differential reproductive ability to produce
gametophytes enabled their sexual reproduction (embryophytes, all vascular plants including
angiosperms and gymnosperms) to produce more progeny to generate higher rate of
photosynthesis associated with increased rate of colonization to produce oxygen gas to air-
breathing animals.
The traits that allowed them to maintain symbiotic relationships are as explained in case of fungi,
in which hydrolytic enzymes have capability to assimilate \"nitrogenous material and supply\"
them to plants.
The altitudinal increase of root-to-shoot (C/N) ratio is meticulously due to low nutrient
availability. This is because of “low Michorrizha availability for symbiotic relationship” to
supply nutrient as elevated altitudes lowered temperatures. Therefore, low temperature and low
soil microbial decomposition with organic matter with water logging & low nitrogen availability
make the plants to increase their C/N ratio as an ev.
What are the key components of an internal audit What are the impli.pdf
What are the key components of an internal audit? What are the implications of having a
thorough understanding of each? Using your firm (or a firm that you familiar with), select a
significant company resource (such as engineering capability, or supply chain, or customer
service) and apply the Four Tests of a Resources Compeititve Power and determine if provides a
sustainable competitive advantage. Support your input.
Answer:
Key Components & Implications of Internal Audit:
Components:
Implications:
Establish and communicate the scope and objectives for the audit to appropriate management.
Developing an understanding of the business area under review. This includes objectives,
measurements, and key transaction types. This involves review of documents and interviews.
Flowcharts and narratives may be created if necessary.
So that we can concentrate on the key business activities which are having in Risk of Fraud or
Misappropriation.
Identify management practices in the five components of control used to ensure each key risk is
properly controlled and monitored. Internal Audit check can be a helpful tool to identify
common risks and desired controls in the specific process or industry being audited.
Develop and execute a risk-based sampling and testing approach to determine whether the most
important management controls are operating as intended.
Report issues and challenges identified and negotiate action plans with management to address
the problems.
Regular follow-up on reported findings at appropriate intervals. Internal audit departments
maintain a follow-up database for this purpose.
Solution
What are the key components of an internal audit? What are the implications of having a
thorough understanding of each? Using your firm (or a firm that you familiar with), select a
significant company resource (such as engineering capability, or supply chain, or customer
service) and apply the Four Tests of a Resources Compeititve Power and determine if provides a
sustainable competitive advantage. Support your input.
Answer:
Key Components & Implications of Internal Audit:
Components:
Implications:
Establish and communicate the scope and objectives for the audit to appropriate management.
Developing an understanding of the business area under review. This includes objectives,
measurements, and key transaction types. This involves review of documents and interviews.
Flowcharts and narratives may be created if necessary.
So that we can concentrate on the key business activities which are having in Risk of Fraud or
Misappropriation.
Identify management practices in the five components of control used to ensure each key risk is
properly controlled and monitored. Internal Audit check can be a helpful tool to identify
common risks and desired controls in the specific process or industry being audited.
Develop and execute a risk-based sampling and testing approach to determine whether the most
important management controls are operating as intended.
Report .
IV I II III Solution .pdf
The document contains an inequality comparing the Roman numerals I, II, III, and IV. It states that Roman numeral IV is less than I, which is less than II, which is less than III.
To differentiate between the mutated and normal genes, the DNA of th.pdf
To differentiate between the mutated and normal genes, the DNA of the person is isolated and
amplified by the PCR (polymerase chain reaction). This genome is subjected to the DNA
microarrays, i.e. DNA microchips that contain the single strand sequences of normal genes
including the sequences of its possible mutations.
The DNA is cut into small fragments and these fragments are labelled with different fluorescent
dyes (the sample from the patient and the normal DNA sample). Both the DNA are allowed to
hybridize and bind to the single strands of the DNA chip. The difference in the percent
hybridization indicates the presence of mutations. if the person does not have any mutations,
both the samples hybridize equivalents and produce the same fluorescence.
Thus, if the person has the retinoblastoma mutant gene, two different fluorescences will appear,
indicating the hybridizations of the mutant and the normal genes whereas an unaffected person
produces unifom fluorescence.
Solution
To differentiate between the mutated and normal genes, the DNA of the person is isolated and
amplified by the PCR (polymerase chain reaction). This genome is subjected to the DNA
microarrays, i.e. DNA microchips that contain the single strand sequences of normal genes
including the sequences of its possible mutations.
The DNA is cut into small fragments and these fragments are labelled with different fluorescent
dyes (the sample from the patient and the normal DNA sample). Both the DNA are allowed to
hybridize and bind to the single strands of the DNA chip. The difference in the percent
hybridization indicates the presence of mutations. if the person does not have any mutations,
both the samples hybridize equivalents and produce the same fluorescence.
Thus, if the person has the retinoblastoma mutant gene, two different fluorescences will appear,
indicating the hybridizations of the mutant and the normal genes whereas an unaffected person
produces unifom fluorescence..
The most critical shortcomings of these assumptions are1.The flow .pdf
The most critical shortcomings of these assumptions are
1.The flow of water is considered to be one dimensional but in reality it is three dimensional.
2.Darcy\'s law does not seem to hold good at high hydraulic gradients.
Solution
The most critical shortcomings of these assumptions are
1.The flow of water is considered to be one dimensional but in reality it is three dimensional.
2.Darcy\'s law does not seem to hold good at high hydraulic gradients..
The following statements are true1. The tendency of water to mini.pdf
The following statements are true:
1. The tendency of water to minimize it\'s interaction with non-polar substances is known as
hydrophobic effect. ( in hydrophobic, hydro refers to water and phobic refers to fear. )
2.Hydrophobic molecules donot dissolve in water due to lack of Hydrogen bonding between it\'s
molecules and water molecules.
3. Amphipathic substances are the structural basis of biological bilayer membranes. ( Ex. Animal
Cellwalls)
Solution
The following statements are true:
1. The tendency of water to minimize it\'s interaction with non-polar substances is known as
hydrophobic effect. ( in hydrophobic, hydro refers to water and phobic refers to fear. )
2.Hydrophobic molecules donot dissolve in water due to lack of Hydrogen bonding between it\'s
molecules and water molecules.
3. Amphipathic substances are the structural basis of biological bilayer membranes. ( Ex. Animal
Cellwalls).
The data is Quantitative as there are numbers , and its an observati.pdf
The data is Quantitative as there are numbers , and its an observational study, where they studies
about the H.pylori in the cause of ulceration.
2. From table -II, we see that among the 22 patients having Ulcer, 18 have infection of H.pylori.
Out of 16, 8 were with infection.
Gastritis and Duodenitis.
Out of 22, 18 patients with gastric ulcers had bacteria, and four had both the ulcers, and all were
Helicobacter positive. With gastric ulcer 77% had bacteria, and with duodenal ulcer 100% had
bacteria. 4 patients with ulcers became negative for bacteria is significant as they had taken
NSAIS drugs which are known to cause ulcers.
Although gastric colonization with H.pylori, induces histologic gastritis in all infected
individuals, only a small portion of them develop any significant sign and symptom for this
colonization. It sestimated that H. pylori, infected patients have a 10-20% lifetime risk of
developing ulcer disease. The risk of development of these diseases in the presence of H.pylori,
depends on a variety of bacteria, host, and environmental factors, that relate to the pattern and
severity of gastritis. Thus a patient can show normal examination.
Solution
The data is Quantitative as there are numbers , and its an observational study, where they studies
about the H.pylori in the cause of ulceration.
2. From table -II, we see that among the 22 patients having Ulcer, 18 have infection of H.pylori.
Out of 16, 8 were with infection.
Gastritis and Duodenitis.
Out of 22, 18 patients with gastric ulcers had bacteria, and four had both the ulcers, and all were
Helicobacter positive. With gastric ulcer 77% had bacteria, and with duodenal ulcer 100% had
bacteria. 4 patients with ulcers became negative for bacteria is significant as they had taken
NSAIS drugs which are known to cause ulcers.
Although gastric colonization with H.pylori, induces histologic gastritis in all infected
individuals, only a small portion of them develop any significant sign and symptom for this
colonization. It sestimated that H. pylori, infected patients have a 10-20% lifetime risk of
developing ulcer disease. The risk of development of these diseases in the presence of H.pylori,
depends on a variety of bacteria, host, and environmental factors, that relate to the pattern and
severity of gastritis. Thus a patient can show normal examination..
Thank you everyone! The answer was O(n!)SolutionThank you ever.pdf
The document thanks everyone and states that the answer to the previous problem or question was O(n!), which refers to Big O notation describing an algorithm's time complexity as being factorial or exponential in relation to the size of the input.
Solution1 ) The purpose of criminal law is to help maintain social.pdf
Solution
1 ) The purpose of criminal law is to help maintain social order and stability . The purpose of
criminal law is to establish a system of prohibitions , penalties and correctional measures to deal
with conduct that unjustifiably or inexcusably causes or threatens harm to those individual or
public interests for which state protection is appropriate .
2) Classification according to the nature of crimes
Mala in se : These are acts that are immoral or wrong in themselves or acts that are naturally evil
. Ex : Murder, rape , arson , burglary etc
Mala prohibita : These crimes are not naturally evil , but are prohibited by statute because they
infringe upon the right of the others . This type of act is not wrong in some societies but wrong in
other societies . Example : Traffic offenses , gambling etc .
Classification according to degree :
a) Felonies : Crimes that are punishable by death or imprisonment in a state prision or
penitentiary are felonies .
b) Misdemeanors : Crimes or offenses not amounting to felonies are Misdemeanors . They are
offenses for which the punishment is other than death or imprisonment in a state prison , or that
have not been designated felonies by statute.
c) Treason : Treason is the only crime described in the constitution and it is given a higher
classification than felony .
3) Example of white-collar crimes are bank fraud, blackmail , bribery , computer fraud,
counterfeiting , credit card fraud , currency schemes, embezzelement , environmental schemes .
The punishment for these crimes should be recovery of all the money made by white collar
crimes and to put the white collar criminals in prision ..
question not visibleSolutionquestion not visible.pdf
This document discusses a solution to an unseen question. It proposes addressing the issue by taking multiple steps to resolve the problem. These steps are not detailed, but the overall approach is to methodically work through the problem by breaking it down into components and addressing each part.
num.txt(Save this file under D Drive.Then the path of the file is D.pdf
num.txt(Save this file under D Drive.Then the path of the file is D:\\\ um.txt)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CPP Code
#include
#include
using namespace std;
//Declaring Global variable
int sum=0;
//Function declarations
void readFromFile();
void writeToFile();
/* Function implementation which will
* read the numbers from the file and calculates the sum of
* the numbers which are multiples of 2 or 5
*/
void readFromFile()
{
int number,sum=0;
//fileInput reference
ifstream dataIn;
//Opening input file
dataIn.open(\"D:\\\ um.txt\");
while(dataIn>>number)
{
if(number%2==0 || number%5==0)
{
sum+=number;
}
}
//closing the input stream
dataIn.close();
}
/* Function implementation which will
* display the sum into another text file
*/
void writeToFile()
{
//fileoutput reference
ofstream myfile;
//Opening the file
myfile.open (\"D:\\\ um1.txt\");
//Writing the contents to the file
myfile <<\"The Sum of Multiples of 2 or 5 is :\"<
Solution
num.txt(Save this file under D Drive.Then the path of the file is D:\\\ um.txt)
1
2
3
4
5
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7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
CPP Code
#include
#include
using namespace std;
//Declaring Global variable
int sum=0;
//Function declarations
void readFromFile();
void writeToFile();
/* Function implementation which will
* read the numbers from the file and calculates the sum of
* the numbers which are multiples of 2 or 5
*/
void readFromFile()
{
int number,sum=0;
//fileInput reference
ifstream dataIn;
//Opening input file
dataIn.open(\"D:\\\ um.txt\");
while(dataIn>>number)
{
if(number%2==0 || number%5==0)
{
sum+=number;
}
}
//closing the input stream
dataIn.close();
}
/* Function implementation which will
* display the sum into another text file
*/
void writeToFile()
{
//fileoutput reference
ofstream myfile;
//Opening the file
myfile.open (\"D:\\\ um1.txt\");
//Writing the contents to the file
myfile <<\"The Sum of Multiples of 2 or 5 is :\"<.
n = 7 which is odd so median is the middle value of te data after ar.pdf
n = 7 which is odd so median is the middle value of te data after arranging in ascending order.
1,1,2,4,5,6,7
median = (7+1)/2 th observation = 4th observation = 4
So median of the data is 4.
Solution
n = 7 which is odd so median is the middle value of te data after arranging in ascending order.
1,1,2,4,5,6,7
median = (7+1)/2 th observation = 4th observation = 4
So median of the data is 4..
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Information Security management is a process of defining the security controls in order to
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Since advancement is directly tied to how well you can convince others, who often fall outside of
your of job duties and department, as to your higher value to the company as stated by your own
effective written communication this leads to amazing resume writers and take no blame style of
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Technical or Logical Controls which include
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Threat
Risk
Exposure
Countermeasure or Safeguard
The Relation Between the Security Elements
Core Information Security Principles[edit]
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are commonly referred to as CIA or AIC triad which also form the main objective of any security
program.
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these principles.
All risks, threats, and vulnerabilities are measured for their potential capability to compromise
one or all of the AIC principles
Confidentiality[edit]
Integrity[edit]
Availability[edit]
Information Security Management Governance[edit]
Security Governance[edit]
Governance is the set of responsibilities and practices exercised by the board and executi.
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