1. Given that mitochondria are the “powerhouse” of the cell, how can Giardia survive and thrive with reduced mitochondria? Be specific during the explanation. 2. Explain how the light detector and eyespot aid Euglena in meeting its nutritional requirements. Be specific. 3. Paramecium has both a macronucleus and a micronucleus. What is the function of each of these structures? Which one is involved in reproduction? What are the different methods of reproduction that Paramecium can use? 4. The geometric appearance of diatoms is due to what structural compound? What are some of the commercial applications for diatoms? 5. Describe how radiolarians use their threadlike pseudopodia to “feed.” Solution 1.Giardia survives by eating anaerobic bacteria in these rich anoxic environments.They thrive in anaerobic environments such as marine or freshwater sediments,salt,marshes,rumen,and intestinal tracts of metazoa;some are parasitic.Giardia makes all of its ATP in the cytosol with the help of simple anaerobic pathways.Several enzymes of Giardia’s ATP-generating machinery contain Fe–S clusters,which are ubiquitous cofactors in the electron-transfer reactions involved in ATP production.They are essential for the parasite’s survival.Eukaryotes that lack mitochondria oxidize pyruvate with the O2-sensitive enzyme pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO).Like PDH,PFO yields CO2 and acetyl-CoA,but the electrons that are removed from pyruvate are not transferred to NAD+ as in the PDH reaction,but rather to ferredoxin.The resulting acetyl-CoA is further converted into a mixture of ethanol and acetate. 2.Euglena have an eyespot at the anterior end that detects light which helps the euglena find bright areas to gather sunlight to make their food.The euglena\'s eyespot is not an eye,but it can react to changes in the brightness of a light source.The eyespot is important because it helps the euglena move toward light,the source of energy for photosynthesis.The intensity of visible light determines the area towards which Euglenas swim,which always is towards the source of light,i.e.towards the place where the light is more intense.Euglena can also gain nutrients by absorbing them across their cell membrane,hence they become heterotrophic when light is not available,and they cannot photosynthesize. 3..