1. Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users
2. Privacy
Ethics in IT
Reference: Professional Ethics for Computer Science by Klaus Mueller (Stony Brook University)
Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users
Objective:
• What key characteristics distinguish a professional from other
kinds of workers, and what is the role of an IT professional?
• What relationships must an IT professional manage, and what
key ethical issues can arise in each?
• How do codes of ethics, professional organizations, certification,
and licensing affect the ethical behavior of IT professionals?
• What are the key tenets of four different codes of ethics that
provide guidance for IT professionals?
• What are the common ethical issues that face IT users?
• What approaches can support the ethical practices of IT users?
2
IT Professionals
Profession is a calling that requires:
• specialized knowledge
• long and intensive academic preparation
Partial list of IT specialists:
• Programmers
• systems analysts
• software engineers
• database administrators
• local area network (LAN) administrators
• chief information officers (CIOs)
3
Are IT Workers Professionals?
Legal perspective:
• IT workers are not recognized as professionals
• Not licensed
• IT workers are not liable for malpractice
IT professionals have many different relationships with:
• Employers
• Clients and Suppliers
• Other professionals
• IT users
• Society at large
4
Relationships Between IT Professionals and Employers
IT professionals must set an example and enforce policies
regarding the ethical use of IT
Software piracy is the act of illegally making copies of
software or enabling others to access software to which they
are not entitled
Software piracy is an area in which IT professionals can be
tempted to violate laws and policies
The Business Software Alliance (BSA) is a trade group that
represents the world’s largest software and hardware
manufacturers
• its mission is to stop the unauthorized copying of software
produced by its members
• penalties can be up to $100,000 per copyrighted work
5
Relationships Between IT Professionals and Employers
Trade secret:
• information used in business
• generally unknown to the public
• company has taken strong measures to keep
confidential
• employees must sign a non-disclosure agreement
(NDA)
• problems due to high IT employee turn-over
Whistle-blowing: attracts attention to a negligent, illegal,
unethical, abusive, or dangerous act that threatens the
public interest
6
Relationships Between IT Professionals and Clients
• IT professional provides hardware, software, or services
at a certain cost and within a given time frame
• Client provides compensation, access to key contacts and
work space
• Relationship is usually documented in contractual terms
Ethical problems arise if a company recommends its own
products and services to remedy problems they detected
.
This document discusses ethics for IT professionals and users. It defines IT professionals as those who meet four criteria including having specialized knowledge, creative work, exercising discretion and producing intellectual outputs. Some IT roles are legally considered professionals while others are not due to licensing. The document outlines relationships IT professionals have with employers, clients, suppliers, other professionals, users and society. It discusses codes of ethics from professional organizations like ACM, AITP, IEEE-CS and PMI which aim to improve ethical decision making and enhance public trust.
The document discusses ethics for IT workers and users. It addresses key characteristics of professionals and whether IT workers are considered professionals. IT workers must manage relationships with employers, clients, suppliers, other professionals, users, and society. Each relationship faces ethical issues like software piracy, conflicts of interest, and information sharing. Codes of ethics, certification, licensing, and compliance programs aim to promote ethical behavior, though applying them to IT workers presents challenges due to the field's varied roles and lack of universal standards.
This document discusses ethics for information technology (IT) professionals. It begins by outlining the chapter's objectives, which are to examine what defines an IT worker as a professional, how codes of ethics and organizations influence IT worker behavior, and the relationships IT workers must manage. It then discusses how IT workers fit some but not all criteria for professionals legally. The document also outlines the key relationships IT workers have with employers, clients, suppliers, other professionals, users, and society, and some of the ethical issues that can arise in each. Finally, it discusses how professional codes of ethics, organizations, and certification can benefit IT workers and the field.
This document discusses ethics for IT professionals and users. It addresses key characteristics of IT professionals, the relationships they must manage and potential ethical issues. These include relationships with employers, clients, suppliers and other stakeholders. It also discusses codes of ethics, professional organizations, certification and licensing for IT professionals. Common ethical issues for IT users like software piracy and inappropriate information sharing are also covered, along with approaches to support ethical user practices through policies.
This chapter discusses ethics for IT workers and users. It describes how IT workers are considered professionals due to their specialized knowledge but are not legally defined as such. The chapter outlines the key relationships IT workers must manage, including with employers, clients, suppliers, other professionals, and users. It discusses ethical issues that can arise in each relationship and how codes of ethics promote compliance.
This chapter discusses ethics for IT workers and users. It defines what distinguishes a profession and examines if IT workers are considered professionals. It also explores the relationships IT workers must manage, such as with employers, clients, suppliers, and users, and the key ethical issues that can arise in each. Professional codes of ethics, organizations, certification, licensing, compliance, and how they affect ethical behavior are also covered.
This document discusses ethics for IT professionals and users. It defines IT professionals as those who meet four criteria including having specialized knowledge, creative work, exercising discretion and producing intellectual outputs. Some IT roles are legally considered professionals while others are not due to licensing. The document outlines relationships IT professionals have with employers, clients, suppliers, other professionals, users and society. It discusses codes of ethics from professional organizations like ACM, AITP, IEEE-CS and PMI which aim to improve ethical decision making and enhance public trust.
The document discusses ethics for IT workers and users. It addresses key characteristics of professionals and whether IT workers are considered professionals. IT workers must manage relationships with employers, clients, suppliers, other professionals, users, and society. Each relationship faces ethical issues like software piracy, conflicts of interest, and information sharing. Codes of ethics, certification, licensing, and compliance programs aim to promote ethical behavior, though applying them to IT workers presents challenges due to the field's varied roles and lack of universal standards.
This document discusses ethics for information technology (IT) professionals. It begins by outlining the chapter's objectives, which are to examine what defines an IT worker as a professional, how codes of ethics and organizations influence IT worker behavior, and the relationships IT workers must manage. It then discusses how IT workers fit some but not all criteria for professionals legally. The document also outlines the key relationships IT workers have with employers, clients, suppliers, other professionals, users, and society, and some of the ethical issues that can arise in each. Finally, it discusses how professional codes of ethics, organizations, and certification can benefit IT workers and the field.
This document discusses ethics for IT professionals and users. It addresses key characteristics of IT professionals, the relationships they must manage and potential ethical issues. These include relationships with employers, clients, suppliers and other stakeholders. It also discusses codes of ethics, professional organizations, certification and licensing for IT professionals. Common ethical issues for IT users like software piracy and inappropriate information sharing are also covered, along with approaches to support ethical user practices through policies.
This chapter discusses ethics for IT workers and users. It describes how IT workers are considered professionals due to their specialized knowledge but are not legally defined as such. The chapter outlines the key relationships IT workers must manage, including with employers, clients, suppliers, other professionals, and users. It discusses ethical issues that can arise in each relationship and how codes of ethics promote compliance.
This chapter discusses ethics for IT workers and users. It defines what distinguishes a profession and examines if IT workers are considered professionals. It also explores the relationships IT workers must manage, such as with employers, clients, suppliers, and users, and the key ethical issues that can arise in each. Professional codes of ethics, organizations, certification, licensing, compliance, and how they affect ethical behavior are also covered.
Module 2: Cyber-Crimes and Cyber Laws
Ethics for IT Workers and IT Users-IT Professionals-IT professional malpractice-IT , IT Act cyber
laws - Information Technology Act, 2000 (“IT Act”) - Digital Signature - Confidentiality, Integrity and Authenticity (CIA)
This document discusses professional practices in computing. It begins by defining what constitutes a profession and the fundamental characteristics of a profession, including great responsibility, accountability, specialized theoretical knowledge, institutional preparation, ethical constraints, and being merit-based. It then discusses the structure of the computing profession and ethics. It provides examples of ethical issues in computer science and outlines professional codes of conduct, such as the Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics. Finally, it discusses applying codes of conduct through case studies.
Chp 04 ethics and proffesions (shared) ----YUSRA FERNANDO
Computer Ethics
Special Responsibilities Facing Computer Professionals and Users
Maintaining relationships with and responsibilities toward customers, clients, coworkers, employees, and employers.
Making critical decisions that have significant consequences for many people.
Determining how to manage, select, or use computers in a professional setting.
This document discusses professional practices in computing. It begins by defining what constitutes a profession and the fundamental characteristics of a profession, including great responsibility, accountability, specialized theoretical knowledge, institutional preparation, ethical constraints, and being merit-based. It then describes the structure of the computing profession and issues of ethics, professional ethics, and ethical issues in computer science. It outlines professional codes of conduct, such as the Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics. Finally, it discusses applying codes of conduct through case studies.
This document discusses professional ethics and codes of ethics related to computing. It provides an overview of IEEE and ACM codes of ethics, which establish guidelines around public interest, clients, product quality, independent judgment, and other areas. The document then analyzes four cases involving intellectual property issues, privacy/discrimination, and liability to demonstrate how the codes of ethics can inform ethical decision making.
Chp 03 ethics and ethical analysis (shared) - YUSRA FERNANDO
What is Ethics
Moral code
Set of rules
Establishes boundaries of generally accepted behavior
Different rules often have contradictions
Morality
Social conventions about right and wrong
Widely shared
Form basis for an established consensus
The document describes the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct for members of KPISOFT. It establishes 5 principles for members to uphold: 1) protect public interest and maintain integrity, 2) demonstrate competence and quality of service, 3) maintain confidential information and privacy, 4) avoid conflicts of interest, and 5) uphold responsibility to the IT profession. For each principle, it provides guidelines for ethical conduct related to that principle. It also defines key terms and notes that this Code does not deny the existence of other important ethical obligations.
After many years in and around Outsourcing your author highlights the key learnings and opportunities for all parties in an outsourced arrangement to achieve mutually beneficial business outcomes.
This document discusses ethics for IT workers and users. It begins by defining a profession and the criteria to be considered a professional according to US law. While IT workers are considered part of the professional services industry, they are not legally recognized as professionals. The document then discusses seven forces changing professional services like increased client sophistication and globalization. It also covers the relationships and responsibilities IT workers have with employers, clients, suppliers, other professionals, users, and society.
Icaict202 a work and communicate effectively in anMelanietcastillo
This document discusses communication in an IT environment. It covers various IT roles including consultants, operations technicians, user support technicians, designers, engineers, and developers. It also discusses policies and procedures, key performance indicators, relevant legislation, and positive communication strategies. Effective communication involves both verbal and written communication as well as active listening supported by open and closed questioning.
The document discusses three professional societies:
1) NSPE (National Society of Professional Engineers) which publishes a code of ethics for engineers consisting of fundamental cannons, rules of practice, and professional obligations.
2) ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) which is the world's largest computing society and sponsors many conferences and special interest groups. Its code of conduct has four sections outlining ethical considerations and professional responsibilities.
3) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) which is a large international professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering.
This chapter discusses ethics for IT professionals and users. It outlines the relationships IT professionals must manage, such as with employers, clients, suppliers and other professionals. Each relationship has potential ethical issues. Professional codes of ethics provide guidance, while certification and licensing affect ethical behavior. For IT users, the chapter discusses common ethical issues and how policies can support ethical practices by defining appropriate usage.
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable directly supporting or challenging any particular course of action without more context. Different ethical frameworks could view this situation differently.
Chapter -6- Ethics and Professionalism of ET (2).pptxbalewayalew
The document outlines some of the ethical issues arising from emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the internet of things. It discusses how technologies can both promote and restrict human rights, and how legal and regulatory frameworks have struggled to keep pace with digital transformation. Some specific challenges mentioned include potential discrimination from algorithmic decision-making, loss of jobs to automation, and new privacy and security risks from mass connectivity and data collection. The document stresses the importance of considering ethics early in technology development to help ensure technologies are developed and applied responsibly and for the benefit of all.
The document discusses several topics related to enterprise IT management including:
- Problems with payroll checks at ASU and potential problems with their student information system implementation.
- Mixed reactions to ASU's implementation approach and questions that could be asked to interview subjects.
- Whether ASU's approach should be recommended to other universities.
- Requirements for selecting an ERP system and how Hunter Manufacturing could have improved their evaluation and implementation process.
- The benefits and drawbacks of open source ERP software.
- Privacy and monitoring issues from a court case on employer monitoring.
- Ethical issues from a case against iiNet for copyright infringement by users.
- Reasons for resistance in enforcing SLAs between
This document provides an overview of ethics and why it is important, especially in business and information technology. It discusses how corporations are improving ethics through actions like appointing ethics officers, establishing codes of conduct, and providing ethics training. It also explains the importance of fostering good ethics like gaining community trust, ensuring consistent operations, and avoiding legal and publicity issues. Finally, it outlines some ethical issues that have arisen regarding the use of information technology.
This document summarizes slides from a presentation on ethics and codes of conduct. It discusses the motivation for professional codes of ethics, including establishing status and self-regulation. It outlines the ACM Code of Ethics, including general moral imperatives and professional responsibilities. Two ethical cases are presented involving issues of intellectual property and privacy. The ACM Code of Ethics is applied to analyze the ethical considerations in each case.
This document provides an overview of proposed revisions to the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (Code) related to technology. It begins with background on recognizing the transformative effects of technology and the need to address ethics implications. An overview of the revisions is presented, which are informed by prior reports and surveys. Key focus areas of the revisions include enhancing the relevance of the Code for the digital age, addressing competence and skills for technology, and strengthening independence requirements for technology-related services. The revisions are intended to help ensure the Code remains fit for purpose as technologies evolve. Comments on the exposure draft are due by June 20, 2022.
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Form basis for an established consensus
The document describes the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct for members of KPISOFT. It establishes 5 principles for members to uphold: 1) protect public interest and maintain integrity, 2) demonstrate competence and quality of service, 3) maintain confidential information and privacy, 4) avoid conflicts of interest, and 5) uphold responsibility to the IT profession. For each principle, it provides guidelines for ethical conduct related to that principle. It also defines key terms and notes that this Code does not deny the existence of other important ethical obligations.
After many years in and around Outsourcing your author highlights the key learnings and opportunities for all parties in an outsourced arrangement to achieve mutually beneficial business outcomes.
This document discusses ethics for IT workers and users. It begins by defining a profession and the criteria to be considered a professional according to US law. While IT workers are considered part of the professional services industry, they are not legally recognized as professionals. The document then discusses seven forces changing professional services like increased client sophistication and globalization. It also covers the relationships and responsibilities IT workers have with employers, clients, suppliers, other professionals, users, and society.
Icaict202 a work and communicate effectively in anMelanietcastillo
This document discusses communication in an IT environment. It covers various IT roles including consultants, operations technicians, user support technicians, designers, engineers, and developers. It also discusses policies and procedures, key performance indicators, relevant legislation, and positive communication strategies. Effective communication involves both verbal and written communication as well as active listening supported by open and closed questioning.
The document discusses three professional societies:
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The document outlines some of the ethical issues arising from emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the internet of things. It discusses how technologies can both promote and restrict human rights, and how legal and regulatory frameworks have struggled to keep pace with digital transformation. Some specific challenges mentioned include potential discrimination from algorithmic decision-making, loss of jobs to automation, and new privacy and security risks from mass connectivity and data collection. The document stresses the importance of considering ethics early in technology development to help ensure technologies are developed and applied responsibly and for the benefit of all.
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3. Describe how the principle of beneficence and the virtue of benevolence could be applied to these cases. Do you think the hospital adminstrators handled the situations legally and ethically?
4. In addition to benevolence, which other virtues exhibited by their colleagues might have helped Thao and Hiatt?
5. Discuss personal virtues that might be helpful to second victims themselves to navigate the grieving process.
use reference and scholarly nursing article.
.
1. Review the three articles about Inflation that are found below th.docxketurahhazelhurst
1. Review the three articles about Inflation that are found below this.
Globalization and Inflatio
n
Drivers of Inflation
Inflation
and Unemploymen
t
2. Locate two JOURNAL articles which discuss this topic further. You need to focus on the Abstract, Introduction, Results, and Conclusion. For our purposes, you are not expected to fully understand the Data and Methodology.
3. Summarize these journal articles. Please use your own words. No copy-and-paste. Cite your sources.
4.The replies are due by the deadline specified in the Course Schedule.
Please post (in APA format) your article citation.
.
1. Review the following request from a customerWe have a ne.docxketurahhazelhurst
1. Review the following request from a customer:
We have a need to replace the aging Signage Application. This application is housed in District 4 and serves the district as well as two other districts. We would like a new application that can be used statewide to track all information related to road signs.
The current system is old and doesn’t do most of what we need it to.
The current system has a whole bunch of reports, but no way for the user to update them by themselves without getting IT involved.
We also can’t create our own reports, on-demand, when we need to. Currently, data is entered into the application manually by Administrative Staff, but in the future, we would like to be able to take a picture of the road sign using a phone app, and have it automagically populate the database with geospatial location and other information. We thought about having a Smart Watch interface, but we don’t need that. Also, the current method does not have any way to manage the quality of the data that is entered, so there is a lot of garbage information there. There is no way to centrally manage security access, with the existing application. We want to get real time alerts when a sign gets knocked over in an accident and have a dashboard that shows where signs have been knocked over across the state. This is kind of important, but not super-critical. We need to store location information, types of signs, when a new sign is installed, who installed it, etc. We plan to provide the phone app to drivers in each district who will drive around, take pictures of the signs, and upload them to the database at the end of each day, or in realtime, if a data connection is available.
Back in Central Office, reviewers will review the sign information and validate it. A report will be printed every month with the results and a map. There are probably other things, but we can’t think of anything else right now.
2. List the main goal(s) of this request
3. Write all the user stories you see (include value statements and acceptance criteria, if possible)
4. Prioritize the user stories as
a. Critical
b. Important
c. Useful
d. Out of Scope
5. Are the user stories sufficiently detailed? If not, what steps would you take to split them/further define them?
6. What are the known Data Entities?
7. Is there an implied business process? Draw an activity diagram or a flow chart of it
8. Who are the actors/roles?
9. What questions would you ask of the stakeholders to get more information?
10. What technology should be used to implement the solution?
11. What would you do next as the assigned Business Analyst working on an Agile team?
.
1. Research risk assessment approaches.2. Create an outline .docxketurahhazelhurst
1. Research risk assessment approaches.
2. Create an outline for a basic qualitative risk assessment plan.
3. Write an introduction to the plan explaining its purpose and importance.
4. Define the scope and boundaries for the risk assessment.
5. Identify data center assets and activities to be assessed.
6. Identify relevant threats and vulnerabilities. Include those listed in the scenario and add to the list if needed.
7. Identify relevant types of controls to be assessed.
8. Identify the key roles and responsibilities of individuals and departments within the organization as they pertain to risk assessments.
9. Develop a proposed schedule for the risk assessment process.
10. Complete the draft risk assessment plan detailing the information above. Risk assessment plans often include tables, but you choose the best format to present the material. Format the bulk of the plan similar to a professional business report and cite any sources you used.
.
1. Research has narrowed the thousands of leadership behaviors into .docxketurahhazelhurst
1. Research has narrowed the thousands of leadership behaviors into two primary dimensions. Please list and discuss these two behaviors.
2. Distinguish between charismatic, transformational, and authentic leadership. Could an individual display all three types of leadership?
.
1. Research Topic Super Computer Data MiningThe aim of this.docxketurahhazelhurst
1. Research Topic: Super Computer Data Mining
The aim of this project is to produce a super-computing data mining resource for use by the UK academic community which utilizes a number of advanced machine learning and statistical algorithms for large datasets. In particular, a number of evolutionary computing-based algorithms and the ensemble machine approach will be used to exploit the large-scale parallelism possible in super-computing. This purpose is embodied in the following objectives:
1. to develop a massively parallel approach for commonly used statistical and machine learning techniques for exploratory data analysis
1. to develop a massively parallel approach to the use of evolutionary computing techniques for feature creation and selection
1. to develop a massively parallel approach to the use of evolutionary computing techniques for data modelling
1. to develop a massively parallel approach to the use of ensemble machines for data modelling consisting of many well-known machine learning algorithms;
1. to develop an appropriate super-computing infra-structure to support the use of such advanced machine learning techniques with large datasets.
Research Needs:
Problem definition – In the first phase problem definition is listed i.e. business aims and objectives are determined taking into consideration certain factors like the current background and future prospective.
Data exploration – Required data is collected and explored using various statistical methods along with identification of underlying problems.
Data preparation – The data is prepared for modeling by cleansing and formatting the raw data in the desired way. The meaning of data is not changed while preparing.
Modeling – In this phase the data model is created by applying certain mathematical functions and modeling techniques. After the model is created it goes through validation and verification.
Evaluation – After the model is created, it is evaluated by a team of experts to check whether it satisfies business objectives or not.
Deployment – After evaluation, the model is deployed and further plans are made for its maintenance. A properly organized report is prepared with the summary of the work done.
Research paper Policy
· APA format
. https://apastyle.apa.org/
. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
· Min number of pages are 15 pages
· Must have
. Contents with page numbers
. Abstract
. Introduction
. The problem
4. Are there any sub-problems?
4. Is there any issue need to be present concerning the problem?
. The solutions
5. Steps of the solutions
. Compare the solution to other solution
. Any suggestion to improve the solution
. Conclusion
. References
· Missing one of the above will result -5/30 of the research paper
· Paper does not stick to the APA will result in 0 in the research paper
· Submission
. you have multiple submission to check you safe assignments
. The percentage accepted is 1%.
1. Research and then describe about The Coca-Cola Company primary bu.docxketurahhazelhurst
1. Research and then describe about The Coca-Cola Company primary business activities. Include: Minimum 7 Pages. Excluding reference page
2.
A. A brief historical summary,
B. A list of competitors,
C. The company's position within the industry,
D. Recent developments within the company/industry,
E. Future direction, and
F. Other items of significance to your corporation.
3. Include information from a variety of resources. For example:
A. Consult the Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
B. Review the Annual Report and especially the Letter to Shareholders
C. Explore the corporate website.
D. Select at least two significant news items from recent business periodicals
The report should be well written with cover page, introduction, the body of the paper (with appropriate subheadings), conclusion, and reference page.
.
1. Prepare a risk management plan for the project of finding a job a.docxketurahhazelhurst
1. Prepare a risk management plan for the project of finding a job after graduation.
and
2. Develop a reward system for motivating IPT members to do their jobs more conscientiously and to take on more responsibility.
[The assignment should be at least 400 words minimum and in APA format (including Times New Roman with font size 12 and double spaced), and attached as a WORD file.]
Plagiarism free
.
1. Please define the term social class. How is it usually measured .docxketurahhazelhurst
1. Please define the term social class. How is it usually measured? What are some ways that social class is affecting health outcomes for people who become ill with COVID-19?
2. What is the CARES Act? Has it been enough? What has happened to people's ability to pay their bills since it expired?
3. As things stand now, data is showing higher COVID-19 related mortality rates for African Americans. Given what you know from the textbook and from the attached articles, what are some explanations for the disparity?
4. What is environmental racism (injustice)? How does environmental racism put some populations at higher risk for severe medical complications than others? (Vice article)
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/600-week-buys-freedom-fear/613972/
https://www.vox.com/2020/4/10/21207520/coronavirus-deaths-economy-layoffs-inequality-covid-pandemic
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/pke94n/cancer-alley-has-some-of-the-highest-coronavirus-death-rates-in-the-country
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/12/coronavirus-us-deep-south-poverty-race-perfect-storm
.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
1. Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users2. PrivacyE.docx
1. 1. Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users
2. Privacy
Ethics in IT
Reference: Professional Ethics for Computer Science by Klaus
Mueller (Stony Brook University)
Ethics for IT Professionals and IT Users
Objective:
• What key characteristics distinguish a professional from other
kinds of workers, and what is the role of an IT professional?
• What relationships must an IT professional manage, and what
key ethical issues can arise in each?
• How do codes of ethics, professional organizations,
certification,
and licensing affect the ethical behavior of IT professionals?
• What are the key tenets of four different codes of ethics that
provide guidance for IT professionals?
• What are the common ethical issues that face IT users?
• What approaches can support the ethical practices of IT users?
2
2. IT Professionals
Profession is a calling that requires:
• specialized knowledge
• long and intensive academic preparation
Partial list of IT specialists:
• Programmers
• systems analysts
• software engineers
• database administrators
• local area network (LAN) administrators
• chief information officers (CIOs)
3
Are IT Workers Professionals?
Legal perspective:
• IT workers are not recognized as professionals
• Not licensed
• IT workers are not liable for malpractice
IT professionals have many different relationships with:
• Employers
• Clients and Suppliers
• Other professionals
• IT users
• Society at large
3. 4
Relationships Between IT Professionals and Employers
IT professionals must set an example and enforce policies
regarding the ethical use of IT
Software piracy is the act of illegally making copies of
software or enabling others to access software to which they
are not entitled
Software piracy is an area in which IT professionals can be
tempted to violate laws and policies
The Business Software Alliance (BSA) is a trade group that
represents the world’s largest software and hardware
manufacturers
• its mission is to stop the unauthorized copying of software
produced by its members
• penalties can be up to $100,000 per copyrighted work
5
Relationships Between IT Professionals and Employers
4. Trade secret:
• information used in business
• generally unknown to the public
• company has taken strong measures to keep
confidential
• employees must sign a non-disclosure agreement
(NDA)
• problems due to high IT employee turn-over
Whistle-blowing: attracts attention to a negligent, illegal,
unethical, abusive, or dangerous act that threatens the
public interest
6
Relationships Between IT Professionals and Clients
• IT professional provides hardware, software, or services
at a certain cost and within a given time frame
• Client provides compensation, access to key contacts and
work space
• Relationship is usually documented in contractual terms
Ethical problems arise if a company recommends its own
products and services to remedy problems they detected
5. • but a company is unable to provide full and accurate
reporting of a project’s status
• company hired as consultants may recommend its
affiliated products
7
Legal Overview
Fraud, misrepresentation
• crime of obtaining goods, services, or property
through deception or trickery
• fraud is proven in court
Breach of contract
• one party fails to meet the terms of a contract
• schedule slippage, cost overruns, better product may
be released by competitor during contract execution
• can generate trials which are often settled out of
court to minimize reputation damage
8
Relationships Between IT Professionals and Suppliers
6. Develop good relationships with suppliers
• deal fairly with them and don’t make unreasonable demands
Bribery: providing money, property, or favors to someone in
business or government to obtain a business advantage
U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) makes it a crime to
bribe
a foreign official, a foreign political party official, or a
candidate for
foreign political office
IT projects are joint efforts in which vendors and customers
work
together: difficult to assign blame
Bribery
• at what point does a gift become a bribe?
• no gift should be hidden
• perceptions of donor and recipient can differ
9
Relationships Between IT and other professionals
Professionals owe each other adherence to a
profession’s code of conduct
7. • there is a sense of mentorship and community
Ethical problems between members of the IT
profession
• resumé inflation
• inappropriate sharing of corporate information
due to IT access
10
Relationships Between IT Professionals and IT Users
IT user is a person for whom a hardware or
software product is designed
IT professionals’ duty
• understand users’ needs and capabilities
• deliver products and services that best meet
those needs
• establish an environment that supports
ethical behavior by users
11
Relationships Between IT Professionals and Society
8. Actions of an IT professional can affect society
• society expect professionals to not cause
harm (=trust)
• society expects professionals to provide
benefits
• so there must be a sense of responsibility,
also not to damage a professional sector’s
reputation
Corporations are taking actions to ensure good
business ethics among employees
12
Professional Codes of Ethics
A professional code of ethics states the principles and core
values
that are essential to the work of a particular occupational group
• a law does not provide complete guide to ethical behavior
Main parts:
• outlines what the professional organization aspires to become
• lists rules and principles by which members of the
organization
are expected to abide
9. Benefits for individual, profession, and society
• improves ethical decision making
• promotes high standards of practice and ethical behavior
• enhances trust and respect from the general public
• provides an evaluation benchmark
13
Professional Organizations
No universal code of ethics for IT professionals
No single, formal organization of IT professionals has emerged
as
preeminent
Professional organizations enable
• building of professional and working relationships
• sharing of useful information (stay up-to-date)
• provides a stamp of adhering to defined standards
Most prominent organizations include:
• Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
• Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP)
• Computer Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE-CS)
• Project Management Institute (PMI) 14
10. Certification
Indicates a professional possesses a particular set of skills,
knowledge, or abilities in the opinion of a certifying
organization
Can also apply to products
Generally voluntary
Carries no requirement to adhere to a code of ethics
Can serve as a benchmarks for mastery of a certain skill set
and knowledge
• good way to document and structure the acquisition of
new skills and knowledge
• get re-certified to stay up-to-date
15
Vendor vs. Industry association Certification
Vendor certifications (Cisco, IBM, Microsoft, etc.):
• some certifications substantially improve IT workers’
salaries and career prospects
• relevant for narrowly defined roles or certain aspects of
broader roles
11. • require passing a written exam
• workers are commonly recertified as newer technologies
become available
Industry association certifications:
• require a certain level of experience and a broader
perspective than vendor certifications
• lag in developing tests that cover new technologies
16
Government Licensing
• Generally administered at the state level in the United
States (examples: CPAs, doctors, lawyers, etc.) but also
engineers that perform engineering services for the public
Case for licensing IT professionals
• encourage IT professionals to follow the highest standards
of the profession
• practice a code of ethics where violators would be
punished by law
• without it there is no incentive for heightened care and no
concept of malpractice
• licensing of IT professionals may improve today’s very
complex IT systems
12. 17
Government Licensing
Adverse issues associated with government licensing of IT
professionals:
• there are few international or national licensing programs
for IT professionals
• no universally accepted core body of knowledge
• unclear who should manage content and administration of
licensing exams
• no administrative body to accredit professional education
programs
• no administrative body to assess and ensure competence
of individual professionals
18
IT Professional Malpractice
Negligence:
• not doing something that a reasonable man would
do, or doing something that a reasonable man
would not do
13. Duty of care:
• the obligation to protect people against any
unreasonable harm or risk
Courts consistently reject attempts to sue individual
parties for computer-related malpractice
19
Common Ethical issues for IT Users
Employees’ ethical use of IT is a growing concern:
Software piracy: copying work software for use at
home (even when doing some work at home) is
considered piracy
Inappropriate use of computing resources
• surf work-unrelated websites
• send questionable email
Inappropriate sharing of information
• private data
• confidential information
20
14. Supporting the Ethical Practices of IT Users
Policies that protect against abuses:
• establish boundaries of acceptable and unacceptable
behavior
• enable management to punish violators
Policy components include:
• defining and limiting appropriate use of IT resources
• establishing guidelines for use of company software
• structuring information systems to protect data and
information
• installing and maintaining a corporate firewall
21
Privacy Protection and the Law
Ethical conundrum:
• IT technology allows businesses to gather information
• must balance the needs of those who use this
information against the privacy rights of those people
whose information may be used
• Systems collect and store key data from every interaction
with customers
– purchasing habits, contacts, search terms, etc.
15. • Many people object to data-collection policies of
government and business
– strips people of the power to control their own personal
information
– but IT does it on a regular basis....
22
Privacy Protection and the Law (cont.)
Privacy
• key concern of Internet users
• top reason why non-users still avoid the Internet
(according to US Census data)
Reasonable limits must be set
• information and communication technologies must be
developed to protect privacy, rather than diminish it
Historical perspective on the right to privacy
• Fourth Amendment (1789) - reasonable expectation of
privacy protection against unreasonable searches and
seizures
23
16. Key Privacy and Anonymity Issues
• Government electronic surveillance
• Data encryption
• Identity theft
• Customer profiling
• Need to treat customer data responsibly
• Workplace monitoring
• Spamming
• Advanced surveillance techniques
24
Government Electronic Surveillance
• USA Patriot Act of 2001: “Uniting and Strengthening America
by
Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct
Terrorism”
• passed just after 9/11
– although more than 340 pages and quite complex, passed into
law just five
weeks after being introduced
• gives sweeping new powers to
– domestic law enforcement wiretaps without court order
– international intelligence agencies
• critics argue it removes checks & balances that previously
gave
17. courts opportunity to ensure that law enforcement agencies did
not abuse their powers
• contains several “sunset” provisions for increased searches &
electronic surveillance (terminated on 12/31/05)
• amendment to FISA: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 25
Data Encryption
Cryptography : science of encoding messages
• only sender and intended receiver can understand the messages
• key tool for ensuring confidentiality, integrity, authenticity of
electronic messages and online business transactions
Encryption: process of converting electronic messages into a
form
understood only by the intended recipients
Encryption key
• a (large random) value applied using an algorithm to encrypt
or
decrypt text
• length of key determines strength of encryption algorithm
26
18. Data Encryption
Public key encryption system uses two keys: public and private
key
• message recipient’s public key
�readily available and used for encryption
• message recipient’s private key
� mathematically related to public key
� kept secret and used for decryption
RSA - a public-key encryption algorithm (RSA keys typically
1024–
2048 bits long)
Private key encryption system
– single key to encode and decode messages
– issue of secretly distributing private key to sender/receiver
paramount
27
Public Key Encryption
28
Data Encryption
19. Despite potential management and administration headaches
most people agree encryption eventually must be built into
– networks
– file servers
– tape backup systems
Seagate Technology hard drive
– automatically encrypts all data
– must know password to access data
U.S. Arms Export Control Act controls the export of encryption
technology, hardware, and software
– violators face 10-year jail term and $1M fine
29
Identity Theft
Theft of key pieces of personal information to gain access to a
person’s financial accounts
• using this info, ID thief may apply for new credit or financial
accounts, register for college courses, etc—all in someone
else’s
name
Information includes:
20. – name
– address
– date of birth
– Social Security number
– passport number
– driver’s license number
– mother’s maiden name
30
Identity Theft (Cont.)
Fastest growing form of fraud in the United States
• victims spend >600 hours over several years recovering from
ID
theft
Lack of initiative by companies in informing people whose data
was
stolen
“The personal information of 90,000 people in a Stony Brook
University database was accidentally posted to Google & left
there until it was discovered almost two weeks later.”
Phishing : attempt to steal personal identity data
• by tricking users into entering information on a counterfeit
Web
site (spoof emails)
21. • spear-phishing - a variation in which employees are sent
phony e-
mails that look like they came from high-level executives within
their organization
31
Identity Theft (Cont.)
Spyware
• keystroke-logging software downloaded to user’s computer
without consent
• enables the capture of:
– account usernames
– passwords
– credit card numbers
– other sensitive information
• operates even if an infected computer is not connected to the
Internet
• records keystrokes until users reconnects; data collected then
emailed to spy or posted to a web site
Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998 was
passed to
fight Identity fraud
• makes it a Federal felony (3-25 yrs in prison) 32
22. Identity Theft (Cont.)
Spyware
• keystroke-logging software downloaded to user’s computer
without consent
• enables the capture of:
– account usernames
– passwords
– credit card numbers
– other sensitive information
• operates even if an infected computer is not connected to the
Internet
• records keystrokes until users reconnects; data collected then
emailed to spy or posted to a web site
Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998 was
passed to
fight Identity fraud
• makes it a Federal felony (3-25 yrs in prison) 33
Consumer Profiling
Companies can collect info about consumers without their
explicit
permission!
Companies openly collect personal information about Internet
users
23. • when they register at web sites, complete surveys, fill out
forms or
enter contests online
Cookies
• text files a web site places on user’s hard drive so that it can
remember info
• examples: site preferences, contents of electronic shopping
cart
• cookie are sent back to server unchanged by browser each time
it
accesses that server
Tracking software
• identify visitors to your web site from e.g. pay-per-click
accounts
34
Consumer Profiling (Cont.)
Similar methods used outside the Web environment
• marketing firms warehouse consumer data
• foer example, credit card purchases, frequent flier points,
mail-
order catalogue purchases, phone surveys
Databases contain a huge amount of consumer behavioral data
24. Affiliated Web sites:
• group of web sites served by single advertising network
• DoubleClick tracks ad clicks and web purchases: useful for
marketers and sellers
Customized service for each consumer
• marketers use cookies to recognize return visitors and store
useful
info about them
35
Consumer Profiling (Cont.)
Types of data collected while surfing the Web
• GET data: affiliated web sites visited and info requested
• POST data: form data
• Click-stream data: monitoring of consumer surfing activity
Four ways to limit or even stop the deposit of cookies on hard
drives
• set the browser to limit or stop cookies
• manually delete them from the hard drive
• download and install a cookie-management program
• use anonymous browsing programs that don’t accept cookies
– e.g. anonymizer.com allows you to hide your identity while
browsing
25. 36
Consumer Profiling (Cont.)
Personalization software used by marketers to optimize number,
frequency, and mixture of their ad placements
• Rules-based: uses business rules tied to customer-provided
preferences or online behavior to determine most appropriate
page
views
• Collaborative filtering: consumer recommendations based on
products purchased by customers with similar buying habits
• Demographic filtering: considers user zip codes, age, sex
when
making product suggestions
• Contextual commerce: associates product promotions/ads with
content user is currently viewing
Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P)
• shields users from sites that don’t provide desired level of
privacy
protection
• P3P software in a browser will download privacy policy for
each site
visited and notify users if policy does not match their
preferences 37
26. Treating Consumer Data Responsibly
Strong measures are required to avoid customer relationship
problems
Code of Fair Information Practices and 1980 OECD privacy
guidelines
• companies collect only personal info necessary to deliver its
products/services
• protects this info
• informs customers if it intends to use this info for research or
marketing
• provides a means for customers to opt out
Chief privacy officer (CPO)
• executive to oversee data privacy policies and initiatives
• avoids violating government regulations and assures customers
that
their privacy will be protected
38
Workplace Monitoring
Ethical conundrum: ensure worker productivity without
violating
privacy rights of employees
27. Employers monitor workers
• record email, surfing activity, files, even videotaping
employees on
the job
• ensures that corporate IT usage policy is followed
Fourth Amendment cannot be used to limit how a private
employer
treats its employees
• public-sector employees have far greater privacy rights:
• “reasonable expectation of privacy” Katz v. U.S. 1998
Supreme Court
ruling
Privacy advocates want federal legislation
• to keep employers from infringing upon privacy rights of
employees
• inform employees of electronic monitoring devices; restrict
type of
info collected 39
Spamming
Transmission of same e-mail message to large number of people
The Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and
Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act 2004 says it is legal to spam but
28. • spammers cannot disguise their identity
• there must be a label in the message specifying that the e-mail
is an
ad or solicitation
• they must include a way for recipients to indicate they do not
want
future mass mailings (i.e. opt out)
• may have actually increased the flow of spam as it legalizes
the
sending of unsolicited e-mail
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Advanced Surveillance Technology
Provides exciting new data-gathering capabilities vs. personal-
privacy
issues
• advocates: people have no legitimate expectation of privacy in
public places
• critics: creates potential for abuse – intimidation of political
dissenters, blackmail of people caught with “wrong” person or
in
“wrong” place
Camera surveillance: U.S. cities plan to expand surveillance
systems
29. • London has one of world’s largest public surveillance systems
• “Smart surveillance system” singles out people acting
suspiciously
Facial recognition software: identifies criminal suspects and
other
undesirable characters
Global Positioning System (GPS) chips Placed in many devices
to
precisely locate users
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