This document discusses the past simple tense in English. It is used to describe completed actions in the past, whether they occurred once, habitually, or in sequence. The past simple is formed by using the past form of regular verbs (ending in "-ed") or irregular past forms for irregular verbs. It can be made affirmative, negative, or interrogative. The document also covers the active and passive voice in the past simple tense and how the passive is formed using "was/were + past participle."
The document discusses the past simple tense in English. It provides rules for forming the affirmative, negative, and interrogative of regular and irregular verbs in the past tense. It then explains different uses of the past simple tense, including completed actions, sequences of past actions, durations, habits or repeated actions in the past, and past facts or generalizations. It emphasizes that the past simple denotes an action already completed in the past. It also distinguishes between "used to do" and "get used to doing" when referring to habits or something becoming accustomed.
The definite article "the" is used:
- With countable and uncountable nouns when referring to something previously mentioned or known.
- With unique nouns or when referring to a single entity.
- With names of instruments, dances, historical periods, times of day, nationalities, families, and titles when the specific name is not mentioned.
- Before locations like stations, shops, cinemas, pubs, libraries, cities, villages, theaters, and newspapers.
- To make general statements about animals, inventions, or discoveries.
The document summarizes the usage of articles (a, an, the) in English. It discusses that "a" and "an" are indefinite articles used before consonants and vowels respectively, while "the" is the definite article. It provides examples of when each article is used, such as "a" being used to refer to one of many or any item, while "the" refers to a specific or known item. It also discusses some phrases that use articles like "a few", "as a result", and "it is a shame".
1. The document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech when summarizing what someone said.
2. When reporting statements in the simple past tense, the verb changes to the past tense, pronouns and possessives change, and time words change.
3. Examples are provided to demonstrate changing direct quotes into reported statements by modifying verbs, pronouns, possessives, and time words according to the rules.
1. ЗМІСТ ТЕМ
Практичне заняття № 1. «Wissenschaft und Produktion».
1. Вивчення лексики за темою «Wissenschaft und Produktion»; читання,
переклад і переказ тексту; виконання вправ на засвоєння нової лексики й
змісту тексту. 2. Вивчення граматичної теми: «Modalverben»; виконання
граматичних вправ на засвоєння теми практичного заняття.
Практичне заняття 2. Nahrungsmittelindustrie.
Вивчення лексики за темою «Nahrungsmittelindustrie»; читання, переклад і
переказ тексту; виконання вправ на засвоєння нової лексики й змісту тексту.
Вивчення граматичної теми: «Modalverben»; виконання граматичних вправ
на засвоєння теми практичного заняття.
Практичне заняття 3. Biotechnologie.
Вивчення лексики за темою «Biotechnologie»; читання, переклад і переказ
тексту; виконання вправ на засвоєння нової лексики й змісту тексту.
Вивчення граматичної теми: «Perfekt»; виконання граматичних вправ на
засвоєння теми практичного заняття.
