This document summarizes a presentation given by Dean Kruckeberg and Katerina Tsetsura at an international research conference on global public relations as a communication subfield. The presentation discusses the challenges of unprecedented changes in global society due to rapidly evolving communication technology. It argues that public relations must reconsider its existing theories and paradigms to address issues in the 21st century global environment, where power differentials are changing and boundaries are porous. The discipline needs a broader scope and multidisciplinary approach to reconcile cultural tensions and provide normative guidance for practicing public relations globally.
This document discusses several key aspects of globalization including:
- Globalization has increased since the 1990s due to advances in transportation, communication, and technology that have reduced geographic distances.
- Globalization leads to increased economic integration and interdependence between countries through increased trade and financial flows.
- Major cities now compete on a global scale to attract investment and skilled workers, becoming hubs of economic and social development.
- While globalization can increase disparities, it also presents opportunities for planning practices to leverage new information and solutions through international knowledge sharing.
This document discusses various aspects of globalization including:
- Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and political systems around the world due to advances in transportation and communication technologies.
- Major cities have become hubs for global economic activity and centers of socioeconomic development as they attract investment and skilled workers from around the world.
- While globalization has increased economic opportunities, it has also led to negative consequences like rising inequality, urbanization, and environmental degradation in many places. Critics argue it threatens cultural diversity and local control. Supporters counter that it also fosters cultural mixing and exchange.
The document summarizes key aspects of industrialization, immigration, and social reform movements in the Progressive Era in the United States. It discusses how industrialization led to a shift from skilled to unskilled labor through Taylorization. It also describes new immigration patterns and restrictions. Two strands of progressive education are outlined - developmental democracy focused on participation, and social efficiency focused on social order. John Dewey advocated for a child-centered, experiential approach to education for democratic participation, while Charles Eliot promoted education based on students' perceived social class destinies.
This document provides information about social change and conflict. It discusses key concepts like social problems, the process of social change, and resistance to change. It also outlines several causes of social change such as culture, conflict, technology, and population growth. Examples of social and political conflicts throughout history are provided, including the Crusades, French Revolution, World Wars, and conflicts involving Pakistan.
1. The document discusses the emergence and characteristics of mass society. Mass society first emerged in the late 19th century during the Second Industrial Revolution as large impersonal institutions replaced traditional social structures.
2. Key characteristics of mass society include homogeneity, extended scale of organizations, collectivities like families becoming more localized, and reliance on local face-to-face communication over mediated communication.
3. Mass society emerged alongside industrialization, which led to exploitation of laborers, as well as developments in education, leisure, women's rights, and changes to social structures. Universal education and expanded literacy contributed to the growth of mass media and new forms of leisure.
This document provides an overview of key topics in gender studies, including definitions of sex, gender, and sexual orientation. It discusses both biological and social constructionist perspectives on gender, as well as different feminist theories regarding gender inequality, including liberal, socialist/Marxist, and radical feminism. The core ideas of these feminist theories are outlined, such as their views on patriarchy, capitalism, and the role of the family in perpetuating women's subordination.
This document discusses the political economy of mass communication and its various definitions and approaches. It begins by defining political economy narrowly as the study of power relations influencing production, distribution, and consumption of resources. It then outlines classical, American, European, and Marxist traditions of political economy. The classical tradition focused on social change and the totality of social relations. The American tradition views political economy in terms of institutional and technological constraints benefiting corporations and governments. The European tradition emphasizes class power and struggle. Marxism places labor at the center and sees the media as determined by the economic base and disseminating the dominant ideology.
This document discusses several key aspects of globalization including:
- Globalization has increased since the 1990s due to advances in transportation, communication, and technology that have reduced geographic distances.
- Globalization leads to increased economic integration and interdependence between countries through increased trade and financial flows.
- Major cities now compete on a global scale to attract investment and skilled workers, becoming hubs of economic and social development.
- While globalization can increase disparities, it also presents opportunities for planning practices to leverage new information and solutions through international knowledge sharing.
This document discusses various aspects of globalization including:
- Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and political systems around the world due to advances in transportation and communication technologies.
- Major cities have become hubs for global economic activity and centers of socioeconomic development as they attract investment and skilled workers from around the world.
- While globalization has increased economic opportunities, it has also led to negative consequences like rising inequality, urbanization, and environmental degradation in many places. Critics argue it threatens cultural diversity and local control. Supporters counter that it also fosters cultural mixing and exchange.
The document summarizes key aspects of industrialization, immigration, and social reform movements in the Progressive Era in the United States. It discusses how industrialization led to a shift from skilled to unskilled labor through Taylorization. It also describes new immigration patterns and restrictions. Two strands of progressive education are outlined - developmental democracy focused on participation, and social efficiency focused on social order. John Dewey advocated for a child-centered, experiential approach to education for democratic participation, while Charles Eliot promoted education based on students' perceived social class destinies.
This document provides information about social change and conflict. It discusses key concepts like social problems, the process of social change, and resistance to change. It also outlines several causes of social change such as culture, conflict, technology, and population growth. Examples of social and political conflicts throughout history are provided, including the Crusades, French Revolution, World Wars, and conflicts involving Pakistan.
1. The document discusses the emergence and characteristics of mass society. Mass society first emerged in the late 19th century during the Second Industrial Revolution as large impersonal institutions replaced traditional social structures.
2. Key characteristics of mass society include homogeneity, extended scale of organizations, collectivities like families becoming more localized, and reliance on local face-to-face communication over mediated communication.
3. Mass society emerged alongside industrialization, which led to exploitation of laborers, as well as developments in education, leisure, women's rights, and changes to social structures. Universal education and expanded literacy contributed to the growth of mass media and new forms of leisure.
This document provides an overview of key topics in gender studies, including definitions of sex, gender, and sexual orientation. It discusses both biological and social constructionist perspectives on gender, as well as different feminist theories regarding gender inequality, including liberal, socialist/Marxist, and radical feminism. The core ideas of these feminist theories are outlined, such as their views on patriarchy, capitalism, and the role of the family in perpetuating women's subordination.
This document discusses the political economy of mass communication and its various definitions and approaches. It begins by defining political economy narrowly as the study of power relations influencing production, distribution, and consumption of resources. It then outlines classical, American, European, and Marxist traditions of political economy. The classical tradition focused on social change and the totality of social relations. The American tradition views political economy in terms of institutional and technological constraints benefiting corporations and governments. The European tradition emphasizes class power and struggle. Marxism places labor at the center and sees the media as determined by the economic base and disseminating the dominant ideology.
This document provides an overview of neoliberal ideology and its influence on education reform over the past 30 years. It defines key aspects of neoliberalism such as its belief that free markets guarantee individual freedoms and its goal of reducing the power of the state. The document analyzes how neoliberal rhetoric has been normalized and led to reforms that privatize education. It examines major policies like No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top in the context of advancing neoliberal ideals. The overall argument is that neoliberal reforms have undermined democracy, community involvement, and empowered private interests in education.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTANSubmissionResearchpa
One of the factors in the formation of the digital economy is to increase the country’s competitiveness, increase its economic potential, introduce innovations and use resources efficiently based on the implementation of the Action Strategy adopted in 2017 in our country. Since the widespread use of digital technologies in management, the problem of introducing e-government in our country is based on the recognition of an alternative to social development by Rakhmonzhon Egamberdiev 2020. TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTAN. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 66-69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.836. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/836/798 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/836
Political economy of the media and regulationCarolina Matos
This document outlines key concepts from the critical political economy tradition for analyzing media and communications. It discusses concerns with ownership concentration, constraints on media messages, and the tension between private interests and public ideals of the media. The critical political economy perspective examines how economic forces shape cultural production and representations in ways that can perpetuate inequality in society. It is interested in the appropriate roles of the state, market, and public sphere in media and communications.
This article reflects, from a holistic and interdisciplinary perspective, on the challenges surrounding the development of eParticipation in Europe, with special focus on EU programs. To this end, we firstly assess the field’s practical and theoretical achievements and limitations, and corroborate that the progress of eParticipation in the last decade has not been completely satisfactory in spite of the significant share of resources invested to support it. We secondly attempt to diagnose and enlighten some of the field’s systemic problems and challenges which are responsible for this unsettling development. The domain’s maladies are grouped under tree main categories: (1) lack of a proper understanding and articulation with regard to the “Participation” field; (2) eParticipation community’s ‘founding biases’ around e-Government and academy; and (3) inadequacy of traditional Innovation Support Programmes to incentivize innovation in the eParticipation field. In the context of the ‘Europe 2020 Strategy’ and its flagship initiative “Innovation Union”, our final section provides several recommendations which could contribute to enhance the effectiveness of future European eParticipation actions.
This document discusses the role of civil society in foreign policymaking. It makes three key points:
1) Globalization has diminished the power of nation-states and increased the influence of civil society organizations in daily life and policymaking.
2) Civil society plays a pivotal role in bringing attention to issues like poverty, human rights, and the environment in both local communities and international forums.
3) For foreign policy to effectively address global challenges, a new conceptual framework is needed that shifts power to civil society and its representation of local interests in policy decisions.
3 1 public com samizdat sept 7 final for blogfreedma5
The document outlines the topics that will be covered in a course on public communication contexts and cultures. It discusses the political power of communication technologies from Samizdat publications in the Soviet Union to social media's role in the Arab Spring. It provides an overview of upcoming lecture topics including government control of media, citizen journalism, and media constraints. Academic expectations are also outlined regarding integrity, critical thinking, and meeting deadlines.
3 1 public com samizdat sept 7 final for word pressfreedma5
The document outlines the topics that will be covered in a course on public communication contexts and cultures. It discusses the political power of communication technologies from Samizdat publications in the Soviet Union to social media's role in the Arab Spring. It provides expectations for academic integrity, critical thinking, and meeting deadlines. Upcoming lecture topics are listed including government control of media, citizen journalism, media constraints in Central Asia, and peace journalism.
Page 284 the journal of social media in samit657720
This document summarizes a research study that analyzed social media comments related to a 2015 incident of alleged police brutality against African American teenagers in McKinney, Texas. The study used critical race theory to examine how YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook users interpreted and discussed video evidence of the incident. It found that social media allows for alternative narratives and interpretations of news events, and serves as a platform for marginalized groups to frame issues in a way that challenges mainstream media. The discussion of police brutality on social media is part of the larger #BlackLivesMatter movement that seeks to draw attention to mistreatment of African Americans by law enforcement.
This document summarizes a panel discussion on democracy and society in Brazil. It discusses the democratic period after the dictatorship from Fernando Henrique Cardoso to Dilma Rousseff, noting a reduction in inequality but also reasons for the current crisis, including economic recession, political polarization, and corruption. It also examines the relationship between equality, democracy, and inclusion, comparing deliberative and antagonistic models of democracy. Short term scenarios for Brazil include Dilma returning, new elections, or Temer continuing, but strengthening democratic governance and institutions is most important for the future.
This document discusses the need for greater integration between theories of gender and civil society. It argues that women have historically been significant actors in civil societies through community organizations and activism around issues like voting rights. However, there remains a lack of analysis on how gender impacts the spaces, organizations, and issues within civil society. The document calls for a more nuanced understanding of how both men and women organize within civil society, how their approaches may differ, and how gender relations shape civil society.
Understanding Civil Society presentation by John Slifko, PhDJohn Slifko, Ph.D
John Slifko, PhD has dedicated his work to issues around the world for democratic civil society with major contributions to global efforts in improving the education of young women. He supports the study of the historic links between advancing women’s rights, education and democracy in the United States. In this presentation, he provides a brief overview of the concept of civil society.
This document summarizes research on media democratization in Brazil. It discusses the history and current state of Brazilian media, comparing it to systems in other countries. It outlines four areas of inquiry in current research: the evolution of public broadcasting in Brazil and the UK; the relationship between public media and society; debates around quality programming; and examining crises in civic communication. Empirical research is summarized, showing Brazilians lack knowledge of public media due to its weak presence. The document concludes that Brazil has yet to establish genuine independent public media and future challenges include developing a new regulatory framework.
This document discusses social movements, theories of social change, resistance to social change, and the relationship between technology and society. It addresses how technology has impacted communication, social control, stratification, and issues around privacy and censorship. Theories of social change like evolutionary theory, functionalist theory, and conflict theory are examined in how they view social change. Newer technologies such as the internet, biotechnology, and genetic engineering are discussed along with their potential impacts and issues they raise regarding social policy.
This document outlines a lecture on the political power of communications technologies from samizdat publications in the Soviet era to the Arab Spring uprisings of 2011. It discusses how repressive regimes have tried to control dissent through censorship but also how citizens have utilized new media to organize politically. The lecture examines implications for grassroots political change and how power structures adopt new technologies. It poses questions on whether online media can be misused and if traditional media served important functions that newer forms have not replaced.
This document discusses political marketing and its impact on politics. It covers several key topics:
1) Politicians have lost some authority to the media and now adapt their behavior to the media's logic. This has consequences for democracy as real political processes become less visible.
2) Political marketing has become entrenched in British politics, though its effects are debated. It may stimulate engagement but risks undermining rational debate.
3) The document examines debates on how the media influences politics, political marketing definitions, and the shift to viewing voters as consumers. It raises questions on these topics for further research.
This document summarizes Peter Dahlgren's presentation on the contingencies of political participation via social media. Some key points:
1) Dahlgren argues that political participation through social media is shaped by various contingencies including political economy, technology, and socio-cultural patterns. These factors both enable and constrain online participation.
2) He examines how the commercial logic and data collection practices of major tech companies like Google and Facebook can undermine democracy by collecting personal information without transparency and sluicing users towards certain sites.
3) Socio-cultural currents online often promote individualized consumerism and entertainment over political engagement, which can subvert alternative politics and civic participation. Navigating these
This document discusses the concept of global civil society (GCS) as a proposed model for global democracy. Proponents argue that GCS could help address the "problem of global democracy" by bridging democratic disjunctures and compensating for democratic deficits created by globalization. Specifically, they claim that networks and associations within GCS could perform democratic functions like representation, deliberation, and shaping global opinion. However, the document goes on to critically evaluate these claims, arguing that civil society's purported democratic roles depend on relationships that do not exist at the global level, so GCS cannot adequately conceptualize or achieve global democracy.
M a n u e l Castells Toward a Sociology of the Network Soc.docxsmile790243
M a n u e l Castells
Toward a Sociology of the Network Society
Manuel Castells
The Call to Sociology
The twenty-first century of the Common Era did not
necessarily have to usher in a new society. But it did.
People around the world feel the winds of multi-
dimensional social change without truly understanding
it, let alone feeling a grasp upon the process of change.
Thus the challenge to sociology, as the science of study
of society. More than ever society needs sociology, but
not just any kind of sociology. The sociology that people
need is not a normative meta-discipline instructing
them, from the authoritative towers of academia, about
what is to be done. It is even less a pseudo-sociology made
up of empty word games and intellectual narcissism,
expressed in terms deliberately incomprehensible for
anyone without access to a French-Greek dictionary.
Because we need to know, and because people need
to know, more than ever we need a sociology rooted
in its scientific endeavor. Of course, it must have the
specificity of its object of study, and thus of its theories
and methods, without mimicking the natural sciences
in a futile search for respectability. And it must have a
clear purpose of producing objective knowledge (yes!
there is such a thing, always in relative terms), brought
about by empirical observation, rigorous theorizing,
and unequivocal communication. Then we can argue
- and we will! - about the best way to proceed with
observation, theory building, and formal expression of
findings, depending on subject matter and methodo-
logical traditions. But without a consensus on sociology
as science - indeed, as a specific social science - we
sociologists will fail in our professional and intellectual
duty at a time when we are needed most. We are needed
because, individually and collectively, most people in
the world are lost about the meaning of the whirlwind
Source: Contemporary Sociology, 29, 5, September 2000:
693-9.
we are going through. So they need to know which
kind of society we are in, which kind of social processes
are emerging, what is structural, and what can be changed
through purposive social action. And we are needed
because without understanding, people, rightly, will
block change, and we may lose the extraordinary
potential of creativity embedded into the values and
technologies of the Information Age. We are needed
because as would-be scientists of society we are posi-
tioned better than anyone else to produce knowledge
about the new society, and to be credible - or at least
more credible than the futurologists and ideologues
that litter the interpretation of current historical
changes, let alone politicians always jumping on the
latest trendy word.
So, we are needed, but to do what? Well, to study the
processes of constitution, organization, and change of
a new society, probably starting with its social structure
- what I provisionally call the network societ ...
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxMohamedSahal16
1) Social movements emerge due to feelings of relative deprivation and the mobilization of resources. Leaders help channel discontent and mobilize groups through conventional or unconventional means.
2) Social change occurs slowly over time through cultural changes or more rapidly through conflict and resistance from groups with vested interests. Technological advances have brought dramatic social changes globally.
3) Increased globalization and computer technology have connected more people while also raising issues of unequal access. Migration of laborers has economic benefits but also creates social tensions, as host countries and migrants both face challenges in adjusting.
Globalization is a process that involves the worldwide integration of economies, technologies, and cultures. It began accelerating in the late 20th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology. While globalization has led to increased economic opportunities through expanded trade and investment, it has also contributed to cultural and economic homogenization. It has impacted systems of governance, urban development, labor markets, and gender norms around the world. Both supporters and critics of globalization make arguments around its effects on issues like sovereignty, inequality, and cultural diversity.
On Hypermodern Regenerative Economics and Hyper-Local Regenerative Food Syste...TravisDriessen1
Explores the nature and forms of Hypermodern cooperative systems, regenerative economics, and Bioregional Food Systems Planning as new models of civic engagement and their effectiveness in solving wicked problems such as climate change.
This document provides an overview of neoliberal ideology and its influence on education reform over the past 30 years. It defines key aspects of neoliberalism such as its belief that free markets guarantee individual freedoms and its goal of reducing the power of the state. The document analyzes how neoliberal rhetoric has been normalized and led to reforms that privatize education. It examines major policies like No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top in the context of advancing neoliberal ideals. The overall argument is that neoliberal reforms have undermined democracy, community involvement, and empowered private interests in education.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTANSubmissionResearchpa
One of the factors in the formation of the digital economy is to increase the country’s competitiveness, increase its economic potential, introduce innovations and use resources efficiently based on the implementation of the Action Strategy adopted in 2017 in our country. Since the widespread use of digital technologies in management, the problem of introducing e-government in our country is based on the recognition of an alternative to social development by Rakhmonzhon Egamberdiev 2020. TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTAN. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 66-69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.836. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/836/798 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/836
Political economy of the media and regulationCarolina Matos
This document outlines key concepts from the critical political economy tradition for analyzing media and communications. It discusses concerns with ownership concentration, constraints on media messages, and the tension between private interests and public ideals of the media. The critical political economy perspective examines how economic forces shape cultural production and representations in ways that can perpetuate inequality in society. It is interested in the appropriate roles of the state, market, and public sphere in media and communications.
This article reflects, from a holistic and interdisciplinary perspective, on the challenges surrounding the development of eParticipation in Europe, with special focus on EU programs. To this end, we firstly assess the field’s practical and theoretical achievements and limitations, and corroborate that the progress of eParticipation in the last decade has not been completely satisfactory in spite of the significant share of resources invested to support it. We secondly attempt to diagnose and enlighten some of the field’s systemic problems and challenges which are responsible for this unsettling development. The domain’s maladies are grouped under tree main categories: (1) lack of a proper understanding and articulation with regard to the “Participation” field; (2) eParticipation community’s ‘founding biases’ around e-Government and academy; and (3) inadequacy of traditional Innovation Support Programmes to incentivize innovation in the eParticipation field. In the context of the ‘Europe 2020 Strategy’ and its flagship initiative “Innovation Union”, our final section provides several recommendations which could contribute to enhance the effectiveness of future European eParticipation actions.
This document discusses the role of civil society in foreign policymaking. It makes three key points:
1) Globalization has diminished the power of nation-states and increased the influence of civil society organizations in daily life and policymaking.
2) Civil society plays a pivotal role in bringing attention to issues like poverty, human rights, and the environment in both local communities and international forums.
3) For foreign policy to effectively address global challenges, a new conceptual framework is needed that shifts power to civil society and its representation of local interests in policy decisions.
3 1 public com samizdat sept 7 final for blogfreedma5
The document outlines the topics that will be covered in a course on public communication contexts and cultures. It discusses the political power of communication technologies from Samizdat publications in the Soviet Union to social media's role in the Arab Spring. It provides an overview of upcoming lecture topics including government control of media, citizen journalism, and media constraints. Academic expectations are also outlined regarding integrity, critical thinking, and meeting deadlines.
3 1 public com samizdat sept 7 final for word pressfreedma5
The document outlines the topics that will be covered in a course on public communication contexts and cultures. It discusses the political power of communication technologies from Samizdat publications in the Soviet Union to social media's role in the Arab Spring. It provides expectations for academic integrity, critical thinking, and meeting deadlines. Upcoming lecture topics are listed including government control of media, citizen journalism, media constraints in Central Asia, and peace journalism.
Page 284 the journal of social media in samit657720
This document summarizes a research study that analyzed social media comments related to a 2015 incident of alleged police brutality against African American teenagers in McKinney, Texas. The study used critical race theory to examine how YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook users interpreted and discussed video evidence of the incident. It found that social media allows for alternative narratives and interpretations of news events, and serves as a platform for marginalized groups to frame issues in a way that challenges mainstream media. The discussion of police brutality on social media is part of the larger #BlackLivesMatter movement that seeks to draw attention to mistreatment of African Americans by law enforcement.
This document summarizes a panel discussion on democracy and society in Brazil. It discusses the democratic period after the dictatorship from Fernando Henrique Cardoso to Dilma Rousseff, noting a reduction in inequality but also reasons for the current crisis, including economic recession, political polarization, and corruption. It also examines the relationship between equality, democracy, and inclusion, comparing deliberative and antagonistic models of democracy. Short term scenarios for Brazil include Dilma returning, new elections, or Temer continuing, but strengthening democratic governance and institutions is most important for the future.
This document discusses the need for greater integration between theories of gender and civil society. It argues that women have historically been significant actors in civil societies through community organizations and activism around issues like voting rights. However, there remains a lack of analysis on how gender impacts the spaces, organizations, and issues within civil society. The document calls for a more nuanced understanding of how both men and women organize within civil society, how their approaches may differ, and how gender relations shape civil society.
Understanding Civil Society presentation by John Slifko, PhDJohn Slifko, Ph.D
John Slifko, PhD has dedicated his work to issues around the world for democratic civil society with major contributions to global efforts in improving the education of young women. He supports the study of the historic links between advancing women’s rights, education and democracy in the United States. In this presentation, he provides a brief overview of the concept of civil society.
This document summarizes research on media democratization in Brazil. It discusses the history and current state of Brazilian media, comparing it to systems in other countries. It outlines four areas of inquiry in current research: the evolution of public broadcasting in Brazil and the UK; the relationship between public media and society; debates around quality programming; and examining crises in civic communication. Empirical research is summarized, showing Brazilians lack knowledge of public media due to its weak presence. The document concludes that Brazil has yet to establish genuine independent public media and future challenges include developing a new regulatory framework.
This document discusses social movements, theories of social change, resistance to social change, and the relationship between technology and society. It addresses how technology has impacted communication, social control, stratification, and issues around privacy and censorship. Theories of social change like evolutionary theory, functionalist theory, and conflict theory are examined in how they view social change. Newer technologies such as the internet, biotechnology, and genetic engineering are discussed along with their potential impacts and issues they raise regarding social policy.
This document outlines a lecture on the political power of communications technologies from samizdat publications in the Soviet era to the Arab Spring uprisings of 2011. It discusses how repressive regimes have tried to control dissent through censorship but also how citizens have utilized new media to organize politically. The lecture examines implications for grassroots political change and how power structures adopt new technologies. It poses questions on whether online media can be misused and if traditional media served important functions that newer forms have not replaced.
This document discusses political marketing and its impact on politics. It covers several key topics:
1) Politicians have lost some authority to the media and now adapt their behavior to the media's logic. This has consequences for democracy as real political processes become less visible.
2) Political marketing has become entrenched in British politics, though its effects are debated. It may stimulate engagement but risks undermining rational debate.
3) The document examines debates on how the media influences politics, political marketing definitions, and the shift to viewing voters as consumers. It raises questions on these topics for further research.
This document summarizes Peter Dahlgren's presentation on the contingencies of political participation via social media. Some key points:
1) Dahlgren argues that political participation through social media is shaped by various contingencies including political economy, technology, and socio-cultural patterns. These factors both enable and constrain online participation.
2) He examines how the commercial logic and data collection practices of major tech companies like Google and Facebook can undermine democracy by collecting personal information without transparency and sluicing users towards certain sites.
3) Socio-cultural currents online often promote individualized consumerism and entertainment over political engagement, which can subvert alternative politics and civic participation. Navigating these
This document discusses the concept of global civil society (GCS) as a proposed model for global democracy. Proponents argue that GCS could help address the "problem of global democracy" by bridging democratic disjunctures and compensating for democratic deficits created by globalization. Specifically, they claim that networks and associations within GCS could perform democratic functions like representation, deliberation, and shaping global opinion. However, the document goes on to critically evaluate these claims, arguing that civil society's purported democratic roles depend on relationships that do not exist at the global level, so GCS cannot adequately conceptualize or achieve global democracy.
M a n u e l Castells Toward a Sociology of the Network Soc.docxsmile790243
M a n u e l Castells
Toward a Sociology of the Network Society
Manuel Castells
The Call to Sociology
The twenty-first century of the Common Era did not
necessarily have to usher in a new society. But it did.
People around the world feel the winds of multi-
dimensional social change without truly understanding
it, let alone feeling a grasp upon the process of change.
Thus the challenge to sociology, as the science of study
of society. More than ever society needs sociology, but
not just any kind of sociology. The sociology that people
need is not a normative meta-discipline instructing
them, from the authoritative towers of academia, about
what is to be done. It is even less a pseudo-sociology made
up of empty word games and intellectual narcissism,
expressed in terms deliberately incomprehensible for
anyone without access to a French-Greek dictionary.
Because we need to know, and because people need
to know, more than ever we need a sociology rooted
in its scientific endeavor. Of course, it must have the
specificity of its object of study, and thus of its theories
and methods, without mimicking the natural sciences
in a futile search for respectability. And it must have a
clear purpose of producing objective knowledge (yes!
there is such a thing, always in relative terms), brought
about by empirical observation, rigorous theorizing,
and unequivocal communication. Then we can argue
- and we will! - about the best way to proceed with
observation, theory building, and formal expression of
findings, depending on subject matter and methodo-
logical traditions. But without a consensus on sociology
as science - indeed, as a specific social science - we
sociologists will fail in our professional and intellectual
duty at a time when we are needed most. We are needed
because, individually and collectively, most people in
the world are lost about the meaning of the whirlwind
Source: Contemporary Sociology, 29, 5, September 2000:
693-9.
we are going through. So they need to know which
kind of society we are in, which kind of social processes
are emerging, what is structural, and what can be changed
through purposive social action. And we are needed
because without understanding, people, rightly, will
block change, and we may lose the extraordinary
potential of creativity embedded into the values and
technologies of the Information Age. We are needed
because as would-be scientists of society we are posi-
tioned better than anyone else to produce knowledge
about the new society, and to be credible - or at least
more credible than the futurologists and ideologues
that litter the interpretation of current historical
changes, let alone politicians always jumping on the
latest trendy word.
So, we are needed, but to do what? Well, to study the
processes of constitution, organization, and change of
a new society, probably starting with its social structure
- what I provisionally call the network societ ...
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxMohamedSahal16
1) Social movements emerge due to feelings of relative deprivation and the mobilization of resources. Leaders help channel discontent and mobilize groups through conventional or unconventional means.
2) Social change occurs slowly over time through cultural changes or more rapidly through conflict and resistance from groups with vested interests. Technological advances have brought dramatic social changes globally.
3) Increased globalization and computer technology have connected more people while also raising issues of unequal access. Migration of laborers has economic benefits but also creates social tensions, as host countries and migrants both face challenges in adjusting.
Globalization is a process that involves the worldwide integration of economies, technologies, and cultures. It began accelerating in the late 20th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology. While globalization has led to increased economic opportunities through expanded trade and investment, it has also contributed to cultural and economic homogenization. It has impacted systems of governance, urban development, labor markets, and gender norms around the world. Both supporters and critics of globalization make arguments around its effects on issues like sovereignty, inequality, and cultural diversity.
On Hypermodern Regenerative Economics and Hyper-Local Regenerative Food Syste...TravisDriessen1
Explores the nature and forms of Hypermodern cooperative systems, regenerative economics, and Bioregional Food Systems Planning as new models of civic engagement and their effectiveness in solving wicked problems such as climate change.
On Hypermodern Regenerative Economics and Hyper-Local Regenerative Food Syste...TravisDriessen1
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1. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE
Communication as a Discipline and as a Field:
Sharing Experiences to Construct a Dialogue
"Global Public Relations as a Communication Subfield"
By
Dean Kruckeberg, Ph.D., APR, Fellow PRSA
The University of North Carolina at Charlotte
And
Katerina Tsetsura, Ph.D.
University of Oklahoma
In the Plenary Session:
The Development of the Communication Discipline Field:
Challenges, Tensions, Traditions, and Achievements
10 to 11 a.m., Friday, July 10, 2015
Department of Integrated Communications
National Research University — Higher School of Economics
Moscow, Russia
July 9 through 11, 2015
2. The next decade will bring unprecedented challenges to global
society, including the uncertainties of social, political, economic and
cultural sustainability in a world that is experiencing tremendous
changes within an incredibly compressed timeframe.
Today’s rapidly and chaotically evolving communication technology is the primary
intervening variable that is creating
1. globalism, as well as its obverse,
2. Multiculturalism — together with the latter’s accompanying tensions and
conflicts within a global environment that is replete with a host of critically
important issues that beg resolution.
These immense changes have societal implications that are:
1. inadequately understood, let alone sufficiently pondered, and
2. their profound impact on individuals remains insufficiently measured.
3. Seeking regress to a pastoral and isolationist existence can be
likened to a Canutian attempt to hold back the tides,
recognizing that:
– there can be no return to a pre-global and pre-technological society,
– nor is there any desire to do so by most people who readily embrace the
advantages and conveniences of contemporary communication technology.
But truly we are sailing in uncharted waters, which offer:
– little forgiveness for navigational errors—digital or otherwise—but suggest
– the possibility, if not the likelihood, of unintended consequences for society
both locally and globally!
4. A wide range of global issues remain unresolved today, including
questions about:
• Free trade
• Emerging democracies
• Transnational corporations
• Public distrust
• A rapidly changing media environment
• Corporate megamergers and globalization
• Harmful — perhaps irreversible — changes
in the physical environment
• Issues related to population growth,
poverty, hunger and war
• Questions about the management of
change
• Global class stratification
• Tensions resulting from the confluence of
technology, globalism and multiculturalism
• Fundamental changes in the relationships
among governments, corporations and
private citizens
• The tensions between nationalism and
globalism
• The tensions between modern and
traditional societies, including within
traditional societies, themselves, as they
face overwhelming pressures to modernize
• Tensions among what were once labeled
the First, Second and Third Worlds
• The control and direction of technology,
itself.
5. This list of threats must also include what Kruckeberg and Tsetsura
(2008, March) identify as contemporary “tribalism,”
which is a rebellion against:
– modern mass-mediated society
– nationalism and secularism by those seeking to re-established traditional
unmediated societies (who, ironically, are enabled in this quest for
traditionalism by the communication technology that is available to them
through modernity).
6. Tribalism is occurring within a global population that is:
– quite young
– with immense numbers of these young people having little or no education
and few prospects for employment that would lead to personal
sustainability,
– but who have technological proficiency and the wherewithal to use it —
resulting in:
– public relations problems for organizations, but also in
– civil unrest that is alarming and difficult to predict, let alone to control or even
to attempt to manage.
7. Communication technology is fundamentally changing us in at least
four dimensions:
1) socially, in which electronic channels of communication are replacing face-to-face
communication;
2) politically, in which power differentials are being flattened and sometimes
juxtaposed, with unpredictable power emanating quickly from unrecognized and
unseen sources;
3) economically, in which information that may appear inexpensive to send and to
receive results in a greed for this information that, ironically, can enslave consumers
both financially and through inordinate demands on their time; and
4) culturally, in which a global culture is emerging, not only in consumer tastes for
products and services, but also in in a melding of traditions and values.
8. Of particular significance is the question of power
— whether social, political, economic or cultural —
as public relations scholars and practitioners ponder these challenges during this
contemporary era that Debeljak (2012) identifies as the:
– third globalization in world history, that is, a corporate 21st Century, which
was preceded by the
– second globalization of the colonial 19th Century and the
– first globalization of the imperial 16th Century.
Today, power exists everywhere, yet it exists nowhere!
9. Globalization has resulted in changing differentials of relative
power and influence among governments, civil society
organizations (nongovernmental organizations) and corporations.
For good or for ill, traditional stabilizing forces have been greatly diminished, and
sometimes marginalized, through communication technology that provides
unprecedented digital opportunities to challenge and to defeat traditional institutions
and loci of power and influence.
Today, an infinite number of highly volatile publics worldwide can form:
– Immediately
– Unpredictably
– and with unforeseen power
in response to readily and inexpensively available information and opinion.
10. Communication technology, through which organizations and
citizens can communicate:
– instantaneously and inexpensively with one another
– In which transparency exists as never before
has tremendous implications in relative power in public opinion formation and
influence.
Communication barriers today are more ideological than physical, creating
dramatically changing social relationships.
Control and authority, whether by
– rule-of-law within discrete nation-states or by
– cultural traditions,
are being challenged and threatened, including by those beyond the increasingly
porous borders of these nation-states.
11. The dynamics and relativity of power and influence among
corporations, civil society organizations and governments are
changing rapidly, creating dramatic changes in the relationships
among these three social actors and in their relative power and
influence over one another.
Most significant is the empowerment of private citizens worldwide.
However, this perceived citizen power may be at least partly illusory.
Communication technology upon which people are dependent consumers:
– is neither fully understood nor controlled by them
– its withdrawal and/or failure would result in mass helplessness because of the
social, political, economic and cultural infrastructures that have been built
around this communication technology
One indicator of a revolution is an individual’s inability to ignore it.
12. We must continually question whether the existing role and function
of public relations is most appropriate and whether public relations
must be more encompassing in its service to its clients and to
society-at-large.
Public relations practice commonly focuses on organization-public relationship
management, in most instances with the goal of influencing public opinion of those
who have power or who are perceived to have potential power.
Such organization-public relationship management role and function assuredly will
remain of critical importance.
However, professional strategies must embrace a wider range of goals, together
with far more scholarly and practitioner introspection that must include continuing re-
examination and relentless attempts at criticism of predominant theoretical
paradigms.
Rather than placidly building on existing literature and assumptions on which it is
based, and on a reliance on the ostensible best practices of public relations as they
have evolved historically, scholars and practitioners must identify the most critical
and pressing public relations problems, which extend beyond a pre-occupation with
organizations as units of analysis and with organization-public relationships.
13. Kruckeberg questioned whether existing public relations theories
and best practices are sufficiently heuristic to address the needs of
a 21st Century global society.
Public relations scholars and practitioners must fully participate in policy
deliberations that attempt to reconcile
– cultural
– ideological
– historical
tensions throughout the world.
A paradigmatic shift in public relations may not be exclusively or primarily Western
in perspective, but
– must consider changes occurring in 21st Century global society and
– should provide a normative direction for practicing public relations globally.
14. We are long overdue in questioning 20th Century theories of public
relations and the base assumptions supporting them.
Interrogation must include the public relations literature’s:
– concepts and those concepts’ dimensions
– empirical generalizations/propositions
– theories and meta-theories
– resulting paradigms that have grounded 20th Century professional practice.
15. Kuhn said new paradigms gain prominence by being more
successful than are their competitors in solving acute problems.
When existing paradigms:
– cease to function adequately and
– crises result,
scientific revolutions occur and scientists respond to a different world.
Equally importantly, public relations scholarship must extend its theoretical boundaries beyond
that of communication science.
We must invite those in other disciplines and professionalized
occupations to help us to address questions about the role and
function of public relations in contemporary global society.
16. An examination of the role and function of public relations must
begin with a normative theory of society.
20th Century public relations paradigms must be challenged, with critical inquiry
beginning with an examination of fundamental assumptions about an ideal society
upon which 20th Century public relations paradigms have been predicated.
Public relations has evolved for:
– different reasons
– at different times
– in different places
Contemporary practice, despite its increasing globalization in its theory and best
practices, has been—and to a great extent remains—influenced by culture, ideology
and history.
Public relations has evolved throughout time to align itself to its
environment.
17. Practitioners must also contextualize this latitudinal knowledge,
which includes that of:
– Culture
– Ideology
with longitudinal understanding, that is:
an historical knowledge of the practitioner’s:
– Clients
– those clients’ publics
– indigenous societies-at-large.
18. For cultural, ideological and historical reasons, different societies
may have:
• different stakeholders who are more powerful than are others
• different speakers and agenda-setters who dominate the discussion on
issue arenas
• different social, political, economic and cultural contexts
that can either propel or impede public relations goals.
An environment’s history affect organizations and their publics.
Public relations practitioners must be able to “hypothesize” and “theorize” based on
far more than what a “snapshot” public opinion survey may reveal;
Rather, public relations practitioners must contextualize research findings from a
knowledge base that includes, not only cultural and ideological knowledge, but also
an understanding of an environment’s history.
19. Critical interrogation of public relations, its literature and
contemporary practice has markedly increased in recent years,
– not only by scholars from other parts of the world
– but also by U.S. public relations scholars.
Alternative models may vary in their perspectives on advocacy, mutual
understanding and relationship management
However, they mostly maintain their organization-centric units of analysis, focusing
on organizations’ relationships with their identified publics.
Goals appear by-and-large to be measured by financial and other tangible Returns
on Investment (ROI) that benefit the self-interest of those paying for the public
relations counsel and services.
we argue that organization-centric units of analysis are heuristically limited, indeed
insufficient.
20. In recent years, provocative and likely heuristic streams of
scholarship have involved an examination and deliberation of who
is the client, expanding from an exclusive or primary focus on
organization-public relationships.
Public relations practitioners are capable of—and must assume—a greater role and
more encompassing responsibilities,:
– in building and maintaining mutually beneficial relationships with their
organizations’ primary stakeholders
– in their organizations and professional community’s contributions to society-
at-large.
21. Some scholars have proffered a three-dimensional “organic model”
of public relations, in which each organization is only a part of the
whole social system that public relations practitioners must
consider in its entirety.
In their view, an organization has responsibility to all members of society.
– Thus, public relations practitioners should not view their organizations—
whether these are corporations, civil society organizations or
governments—as hubs having satellites of stakeholders,
– but rather as one part of a three-dimensional social system in which
organizations cooperate with one another in their support of society.
Kruckeberg and Starck argue that a fundamental reason why public relations
practice exists today is the loss of community that has resulted from new means of
communication and transportation. They propose that an appropriate approach to
practicing community (and thus public) relations should be derived through an
active attempt to restore and maintain the sense of community that has been lost in
contemporary society.
22. Botan and Taylor first divided the various approaches toward public
relations into two categories: functional and co-creational.
– A functional approach places the organization at the center of communication,
building on the argument that public relations is a management function.
– the co-creational approach to public relations recognizes, not a managerial,
but a societal, function of public relations. This approach puts publics, not the
organization, at the center of communication and is concentrated around the
idea advanced by Kruckeberg and Stark of community-building.
Heath investigated the centrality of public relations in building a fully functional
society in which all institutions, governments, corporations, and nongovernmental
organizations, have a strong presence and voice and co-exist organically
Importantly, Tsetsura (2011) reminds us that public relations and its function are
socially constructed .
23. The global scholarly and practitioner community must continually
re-examine the role and function of public relations and its
assumptions, in particular to:
– question whether the existing role and function of public relations is most appropriate in
today’s global society and whether public relations must be more encompassing in its
service to its clients and to society-at-large;
– embrace a wider range of goals, together with far more scholarly and practitioner
introspection that must include continuing re-examination and relentless attempts at
criticism of predominant theoretical paradigms;
– identify the most critical and pressing public relations problems, which extend beyond a
pre-occupation with organization-public relationships;
– interrogate the literature’s concepts and those concepts’ dimensions, empirical
generalizations/propositions and theories and meta-theories, as well as the resulting
paradigms that have grounded 20th Century professional practice;
– attempt to reconcile the cultural, ideological and historical variances throughout the world;
– pro-actively and imaginatively extend our theoretical boundaries beyond communication
science, inviting those in other disciplines and professionalized occupations to help us to
address questions about the role and function of public relations in contemporary global
society.
24. Let us begin our exploration with energy and courage.
Thank you!
Dean and Katerina
25. REFERENCES
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Kruckeberg, D., & Tsetsura, K. (2008, March). The “Chicago School” in the global community: Concept
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Kruckeberg, D., & Vujnovic, M. (2003, May). Linking global capitalism with new forms of democracy:
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