This document provides an overview of several early 20th century avant-garde art movements including Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism, and Der Blaue Reiter. It mentions key artists such as Matisse, Derain, Brancusi, Kandinsky, Marc, Macke, who pioneered abstract and expressive styles that broke from realism and traditional techniques. Philosophers like Nietzsche, Riegl, and Lipps influenced these movements with ideas questioning established norms and emphasizing empathy and purpose in art.