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Sergio López Soria PCVD in 2011:  An update
Historical background of PCV2 and PCVD
Historical background ,[object Object],Edward Clark John Harding
Historical background This syndrome was characterized by: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Historical background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Historical background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Porcine circovirus type 2  (PCV2) Porcine circovirus  type 1 (PCV1) Genus  Circovirus PK-15 contaminant PMWS
PCV2 and PCVD
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PCV2 PCV2 www.pcvd.eu
PCV2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PCV2 and PCVD
1960 2009 Natural history of PCV2 and PMWS  First retrospective evidence of PCV2 infection (1962) First retrospective evidence of PMWS  occurrence (1985) First description of PMWS in NA (1991) – sporadic First description of PMWS in EU (1995-97)  Major epizootic PMWS  outbreaks in EU and  Asia (1998-2004) Major epizootic PMWS  outbreaks in North and  South America (2004-07) First PCV2 vaccine available (2004) PCV2 vaccines
PMWS distribution ,[object Object],Countries in red mean that they have described at least one case of PMWS (based on available literature) PCV2 Infection worldwide
PCV2 infection and transmission
PCV2 viral loads (qPCR)  or PCV2 antibody titres Weeks of age PCV2 antibodies PMWS PCV2 infection dynamics  1 3 7-9 21 15 PCV2 viremia
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PCV2 horizontal transmission Oro-nasal route: principal horizontal transmission Segalés et al., 2005 PMWS Affected Wasted Non-PMWS Healthy PMWS affected pigs harbour higher PCV2 amounts in those secretions/locations
sow Boar ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Semen ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PCV2 transmission by semen ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
sow ,[object Object],[object Object],PCV2 vertical transmission ,[object Object],   Yes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],sow PCV2 vertical transmission ,[object Object],[object Object],X   Unfortunately it remains unknown
[object Object],[object Object],PCV2 and PMWS horizontal transmission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],   Obviously Yes    Yes
PMWS
If PCV2 is ubiquitous, ¿WHY SOME FARMS EXPERIENCE PMWS?
Pig genetics, sex, other Co-infections PCV2 genotype Moment of infection Sow status Management: Madec’s 20 point plan PMWS: a multifactorial disease
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PMWS reduction through zootechnical measures Measures directed to diminish the dissemination  infectious agents and their infectious pressure
PMWS reduction through zootechnical measures (Guilmoto y Wessel-Robert, 2000) Farm Rate of measures compliance Loss rate before (%) Loss reduction 1 81% 18.3 -13.7 2 86% 14.7 -12.7 3 59% 19.0 -9.3 4 84% 11.2 -5.8 5 79% 15.3 -6.4 6 70% 12.7 -4.7 7 82% 11.5 -4.4 8 55% 12.3 -3.5 9 54% 17.6 0.4 10 72% 11.3 0.7 Media 66% 13.1 -5.4
PMWS reduction through zootechnical measures (Guilmoto y Wessel-Robert, 2000) Farm Rate of measures compliance Loss rate before (%) Loss reduction 1 81% 18.3 -13.7 2 86% 14.7 -12.7 3 59% 19.0 -9.3 4 84% 11.2 -5.8 5 79% 15.3 -6.4 6 70% 12.7 -4.7 7 82% 11.5 -4.4 8 55% 12.3 -3.5 9 54% 17.6 0.4 10 72% 11.3 0.7 Media 66% 13.1 -5.4
PMWS reduction through zootechnical measures (Guilmoto y Wessel-Robert, 2000) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Farm Rate of measures compliance Loss rate before (%) Loss reduction 1 81% 18.3 -13.7 2 86% 14.7 -12.7 3 59% 19.0 -9.3 4 84% 11.2 -5.8 5 79% 15.3 -6.4 6 70% 12.7 -4.7 7 82% 11.5 -4.4 8 55% 12.3 -3.5 9 54% 17.6 0.4 10 72% 11.3 0.7 Media 66% 13.1 -5.4
[object Object],“ Sow effect ” Calsamiglia et al., 2007 Sibila et al., 2004 ,[object Object],Factors related to PMWS development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 50 100 PCV2 prevalence Weeks of age 1-5 PMWS affected farms Non-PMWS affected farms 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25
[object Object],Factors related to PMWS development: The PCV2 genotype Experimental infections 50% PMWS with “b” (20 studies) 35% PMWS with “a” (75 studies) PMWS with “b” 3,45 times > “a” (Tomás et al., 2008)
PCV2 subclinical infection
PCV2 subclinical infection 160 piglets from two PMWS affected farms. Weight and viral load analyses at 3, 9, 15 and 21 wks of age. Area under the curve for weight and viral load was calculated. The higher the AUCqPCR during the postweaning period, the lower AUCW (ρ=-0.203; p=0.010).
Laboratorial Techniques for PCV2 and PMWS
PCR Laboratorial Analyses: PCR Useful to monitor: Infection dynamic Subclinical infection Sibila et al., 2004 % PCR (serum) Weeks of age  Non-PMWS affected farms Percentage PMWS affected farms PCV2 is ubiquitous Not useful for PMWS diagnosis
Can PMWS be diagnosed in live animals??? Laboratorial Analyses: qPCR Quantitative PCR Slight Moderate Severe PMWS lesions a b c Olvera et al., 2004 PMWS Subclinical PCV2 infection
Not proved to be specific and/or sensitive enough to replace current diagnostic criteria  (Fort et al., 2007; Grau-Roma et al., 2009) Inter-laboratory and inter-assay variation  (Harding et al., 2009; Hjulsager et al., 2009) qPCR suggested  applications for PMWS herd diagnosis. Can qPCR be used as a diagnostic tool for PMWS?
Non-PMWS affected farms Weeks of age PMWS affected farms Serology   (IPMA, ELISA) Sibila et al., 2004 Percentage Laboratorial Analyses: Serology Useful to monitor: Maternal immunity transfer Infection dynamic Seroconversion to vaccination PCV2 is ubiquitous All piglets seroconvert Not useful for PMWS diagnosis
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Sorden, 2000; Segalés, 2002) PMWS diagnosis H/E PCV2 ISH
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Laboratorial Analyses: Sample collection for histopathology Non essential for PMWS diagnosis
Prevention and control
Prevention and control Prevention and control Initial efforts directed to counteract the known triggering factors Since 2004 onwards    PCV2 vaccination
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Prevention and control Is PCV2 vaccination the solution for PMWS and PCV2 subclinical infection?
PCV2 CReSA Team
 

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01 sergio lopez soria

  • 1.  
  • 2. Sergio López Soria PCVD in 2011: An update
  • 3. Historical background of PCV2 and PCVD
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. 1960 2009 Natural history of PCV2 and PMWS First retrospective evidence of PCV2 infection (1962) First retrospective evidence of PMWS occurrence (1985) First description of PMWS in NA (1991) – sporadic First description of PMWS in EU (1995-97) Major epizootic PMWS outbreaks in EU and Asia (1998-2004) Major epizootic PMWS outbreaks in North and South America (2004-07) First PCV2 vaccine available (2004) PCV2 vaccines
  • 13.
  • 14. PCV2 infection and transmission
  • 15. PCV2 viral loads (qPCR) or PCV2 antibody titres Weeks of age PCV2 antibodies PMWS PCV2 infection dynamics 1 3 7-9 21 15 PCV2 viremia
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. PMWS
  • 22. If PCV2 is ubiquitous, ¿WHY SOME FARMS EXPERIENCE PMWS?
  • 23. Pig genetics, sex, other Co-infections PCV2 genotype Moment of infection Sow status Management: Madec’s 20 point plan PMWS: a multifactorial disease
  • 24.
  • 25. PMWS reduction through zootechnical measures (Guilmoto y Wessel-Robert, 2000) Farm Rate of measures compliance Loss rate before (%) Loss reduction 1 81% 18.3 -13.7 2 86% 14.7 -12.7 3 59% 19.0 -9.3 4 84% 11.2 -5.8 5 79% 15.3 -6.4 6 70% 12.7 -4.7 7 82% 11.5 -4.4 8 55% 12.3 -3.5 9 54% 17.6 0.4 10 72% 11.3 0.7 Media 66% 13.1 -5.4
  • 26. PMWS reduction through zootechnical measures (Guilmoto y Wessel-Robert, 2000) Farm Rate of measures compliance Loss rate before (%) Loss reduction 1 81% 18.3 -13.7 2 86% 14.7 -12.7 3 59% 19.0 -9.3 4 84% 11.2 -5.8 5 79% 15.3 -6.4 6 70% 12.7 -4.7 7 82% 11.5 -4.4 8 55% 12.3 -3.5 9 54% 17.6 0.4 10 72% 11.3 0.7 Media 66% 13.1 -5.4
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 31. PCV2 subclinical infection 160 piglets from two PMWS affected farms. Weight and viral load analyses at 3, 9, 15 and 21 wks of age. Area under the curve for weight and viral load was calculated. The higher the AUCqPCR during the postweaning period, the lower AUCW (ρ=-0.203; p=0.010).
  • 33. PCR Laboratorial Analyses: PCR Useful to monitor: Infection dynamic Subclinical infection Sibila et al., 2004 % PCR (serum) Weeks of age Non-PMWS affected farms Percentage PMWS affected farms PCV2 is ubiquitous Not useful for PMWS diagnosis
  • 34. Can PMWS be diagnosed in live animals??? Laboratorial Analyses: qPCR Quantitative PCR Slight Moderate Severe PMWS lesions a b c Olvera et al., 2004 PMWS Subclinical PCV2 infection
  • 35. Not proved to be specific and/or sensitive enough to replace current diagnostic criteria (Fort et al., 2007; Grau-Roma et al., 2009) Inter-laboratory and inter-assay variation (Harding et al., 2009; Hjulsager et al., 2009) qPCR suggested applications for PMWS herd diagnosis. Can qPCR be used as a diagnostic tool for PMWS?
  • 36. Non-PMWS affected farms Weeks of age PMWS affected farms Serology (IPMA, ELISA) Sibila et al., 2004 Percentage Laboratorial Analyses: Serology Useful to monitor: Maternal immunity transfer Infection dynamic Seroconversion to vaccination PCV2 is ubiquitous All piglets seroconvert Not useful for PMWS diagnosis
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 40. Prevention and control Prevention and control Initial efforts directed to counteract the known triggering factors Since 2004 onwards  PCV2 vaccination
  • 41.
  • 43.  

Editor's Notes

  1. Aquí tenemos dos ejemplos de la dinámica de infección (PCR) y el perfil serológico de animales procedentes de granjas con (en verde) y sin CP (en amarillo). Como podeis ver tanto las granjas con CP como las sin CP estan infectadas con el virus, aunque las que sufren la enfermedad tiene un mayor porcentage de animles infectados. En cuanto a la serología, vemos que no diferencias en el perfil serológico entre granjas con y sin CP