The document discusses the study of physics, which examines the nature and properties of matter and energy across various phenomena including motion, forces, and electricity. It emphasizes the importance of physics in understanding scientific facts that evolve over time and outlines the scientific method as a framework for testing hypotheses through experiments. Additionally, it includes an experimental example investigating how different types of water freeze, highlighting the procedure and analysis involved.

1. PHYSICS

2. What does it
study?

3. Physics is everywhere
• Sunlight
• Light
• Heat

4. Physics is everywhere
• Motion
• Forces
• Energy

5. Physics is everywhere
• Electricity
• Magnetism

6. Physics is everywhere
• Waves
• Mechanical
• Water
• Sound
• Electromagnetic
• Light

7. Physics is everywhere
• Atoms

8. Physics
• Physics is a branch of science studying the nature and
properties of matter and energy. © Oxford dictionary
• Mechanics
• Heat
• Light and other radiation
• Sound
• Electricity and magnetism
• The structure of atoms.

9. Why do we need to study Physics?

10. Why do we need to study Physics?

11. Why do we need to study Physics?
• 200 years ago
• What electricity is?
• What magnetism is?
• Today we have accumulated knowledge

12. Isaac Newton
• Discovered Laws of motion
• Movement of the planets
• Gravitational law
• Studied Light
• Invented Calculus (advanced branch of Math)
• But we today know more than Newton in his time

13. Scientific terminology
• Fact – something that competent observers agree about
• Animals use Earth’s magnetic field for orientation

14. Scientific terminology
• Fact – something that competent observers agree about
• Bananas are radioactive
• You’ll need to eat 10 000 000 bananas to have radioactive poisoning

15. Can you name some scientific facts?

16. Scientific terminology
•Fact – something that competent observers
agree about
•However fact may change with time!
• Universe was known to be unchanging and
permanent, while now we accept that it is
expanding and evolving

17. Can you name some facts that
changed with time?

18. Scientific terminology
•Hypothesis is an educated guess, or a guess
you make based on information you already
know
• If you drop a ball, it will fall toward the ground

19. Scientific terminology
•When hypothesis has been tested
again and again and every time result
is the same it may become a Law or
Principle
•For example: heavy and light object fall at
the same speed

20. Scientific terminology
•Experiment is a scientific test of the
hypothesis
• If you drop a ball, it will fall toward the ground

21. Data analysis
•Experiment is a scientific test of the
hypothesis
•Why did it fall?
•How fast does it fall?
•How can we change the speed of the ball?

22. Critical Thinking!
•WHY and HOW???
•How do we know this?
•How would we solve this problem?
•Do we agree or disagree – WHY?
•Why does it matter?
•How to look at this at another angle?
•How to avoid this problem in the future?
•Can you give me an example?

23. Scientific Method – the way of scientific
thinking
1. Ask a question
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Conduct an experiment
4. Analyze data
5. Draw a Conclusion

24. Example #1: Freezing Water
1. Ask a question:
Whether pure, sugary or salty water freezes
faster?
Pure water Sugary
water
Salty
water

25. Example #1: Freezing Water
2. Form a hypothesis:
Hypothesis 1: There will be no difference in how
long it takes for water to freeze
Hypothesis 2: There will be a significant
difference in freezing time.

26. Example #1: Freezing Water
3. Conduct an experiment:
a) Fill in 3 containers with equal amount of water at
room temperature.
b) Add 2 teaspoons of sugar to one of the containers
and dissolve it.
c) Add 2 teaspoons of salt into the other container and
dissolve it.
d) Place the containers in the freezer.
e) Every 15 minutes open the freezer and check if water
has frozen.
f) Note down your observations in the table.

27. Example #1: Freezing Water
4. Analyze data: Look at the time it took for
water to freeze in all containers. Which one has
frozen faster?

28. Example #1: Freezing Water
5. Draw a Conclusion: Whether plain water or
water with sugar or salt has frozen faster,
slower or at the same time.

29. Time Container with pure
water
Container with salty
water
Container with sugary
water
0 min
15 min
30 min
“No ice” “Ice in the center” “Ice on the sides” “Thin ice” “Thick ice”

30. Control variables

31. 6. If you will need to test you
conclusion, what would you change in
the experiment?

32. Identify Qualitative and Quantitative
Measurements
Conduct an experiment:
Fill in 3 containers with equal amount of water at room temperature.
a) Add 2 teaspoons of sugar to one of the containers and dissolve it.
Add 2 teaspoons of salt into the other container and dissolve it.
b) Place the containers in the freezer.
c) Every 15 minutes open the freezer and check if water has frozen.
What did we measure in this experiment?

33. Measurements:
3. Conduct an experiment:
a) Fill in 3 containers with equal amount of water at room temperature.
b) Add 2 teaspoons of sugar to one of the containers and dissolve it.
Add 2 teaspoons of salt into the other container and dissolve it.
c) Place all 3 containers in the freezer.
d) Every 15 minutes open the freezer and check if water has frozen.
Volume of water - equal amount of water
Mass of salt and sugar - 2 teaspoons of sugar and 2 teaspoons of salt
Time - Every 15 minutes