The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It covers the basic concepts of modeling, including what a model is, why we build models, and principles of visual modeling. It then discusses object-oriented principles like abstraction, encapsulation, modularity and hierarchy. The rest of the document describes the UML and how it can be used to model different aspects of software development, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, deployment diagrams, and more.

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IBM Software Group
© 2006 IBM Corporation
Rational Software France
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with UML2 and
Rational Software Modeler
01. Concepts of Object-Orientation

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Where Are We?
 What is Modeling?
 Principles of Object-Orientation
 The Unified Modeling Language

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What is a Model?
 A model is a simplification of reality
 Modeling achieves four aims:
Helps you to visualize a system as you want it to be
Permits you to specify the structure or behavior of a system
Gives you a template that guides you in constructing a system
Documents the decisions you have made
 You build models of complex systems because you cannot
comprehend such a system in its entirety
 You build models to better understand the system you are developing

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Principles of Visual Modeling
 The model you create influences how the problem is attacked
 Every model may be expressed at different levels of precision
 The best models are connected to reality
 No single model is sufficient

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Model-Driven Development
 A natural evolution of object-oriented technologies
 The encapsulation of business logic in (UML) models
 The use of these models to automate the development of applications,
code generation, testing and maintenance
? ?

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Model-Driven Architecture (MDA)
 An architectural style
 An OMG initiative
TTrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn RRuulleess
PSM PSM PSM
Plat form Specific
Model –
Design/
Implementat ion
Automated Generation
TTrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn RRuulleess
Plat form
I ndependent
Model –
Analysis/ Design
PIM PIM
Comput at ion
I ndependent Model –
Domain Model,
Business Model,
Requirement s, et c.
CIM
Code, Files, Artifacts
Transformation Rules
http://www.omg.com/

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Where Are We?
 What is Modeling?
 Principles of Object-Orientation
 The Unified Modeling Language

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Basic Principles of Object Orientation
 Abstraction
 Encapsulation
 Modularity
 Hierarchy

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What Is Abstraction?
 The essential
characteristics of an
entity that distinguishes
it from all other kinds of
entities
 Depends on the
perspective of the viewer
 Is not a concrete
manifestation, denotes
the ideal essence of
something
From Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications by Grady Booch, 1994

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What Is Encapsulation?
 Hides implementation
from clients
Clients depend on
interface
Improves the resiliency
of the system, i.e. its
ability to adapt to
change
From Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications by Grady Booch , 1994

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What Is Modularity?
 Breaks up something complex into manageable pieces.
 Helps people understand complex systems
From Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications by Grady Booch , 1994

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What Is Hierarchy?
Increasing
abstraction
Decreasing
abstraction
Asset
RealEstate
BankAccount
Savings
Security
Checking Stock
Bond
Elements at the same level of the hierarchy should
be at the same level of abstraction

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Where Are We?
 What is Modeling?
 Principles of Object-Orientation
 The Unified Modeling Language

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What Is the UML?
 The UML is a language for
 Visualizing
 Specifying
 Constructing
 Documenting
the artifacts of a software-intensive system

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UML Covers All Aspects of Software Development
 The UML addresses system architecture, requirements, tests, project
planning, and release management
Use Case Diagram
Actor A
Use Case 1
Use Case 2
Use Case 3
Actor B
GrpFile
read( )
open( )
create( )
fillFile( )
sortByName( )
rep
FileMgr
fetchDoc( )
Repository
(from Persistence)
name : char * = 0
Class Diagram
readDoc( )
readFile( )
DocumentList
add( )
delete( )
Document
name : int
docid : int
numField : int
get( )
open( )
close( )
read( )
sortFileList( )
create( )
fillDocument( )
fList
1
FileList
add( )
delete( )
File
read( )
read() fill the
code.
user
mainWnd fileMgr :
FileMgr
document : gFile
repository
Document
1: Doc view request ( )
2: fetchDoc( )
3: create ( )
4: create ( )
5: readDoc ( )
6: filDocument ( )
7: readFile ( )
8: fil File ( )
9: sortByName ( )
Sequence Diagram
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Deployment Diagram
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History of the UML
UML 2.0
(2004)
UML 1.5
(March, ‘03)
UML 1.1
(Sept. ‘97)
UML 1.0
(Jan. ‘97)
Current
version = 2.1
Other
UML 0.9
(June ‘96)
UML 0.91
(Oct. ‘96)
and
Unified Method 0.8
(OOPSLA ’95)
Booch ’93 OMT - 2
OOSE Methods Booch ‘91 OMT - 1

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A Language Is Not Enough to Build a System
Team- Based
Development
Modeling
Language
Unified
Process

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Review
 Why do we model?
 True or false: A model influences how the problem is attacked.
 True or false: A single model is sufficient in most cases.
 How do MDD and MDA differ?
 What are the four basic principles of object-orientation?
 True or false: UML is a method to capture the requirements of the
system to be and build a robust design.