The Macedonian army under Alexander the Great and King Philip II featured heavily armored infantry phalanx soldiers and elite cavalry units. The phalanx fought in close formation with long spears, while the elite companion cavalry and Thessalian cavalry protected the flanks. Siege weapons like catapults and ballistas were also used to attack enemy structures. Some of Alexander's major early battles included crossing the Granicus River against Darius' forces in 334 BCE, defeating the Persians at Issus in 333 BCE, and laying siege to the fortress city of Tyre for seven months in 332 BCE.

1. Alexander the Great The Macedonian army & the major battles of his campaign Year 11 Ancient History

3. Developed by Phillip II & Alexander

4. These soldiers fought in close-ranked rectangular formations which could spear through enemy cavalry and infantry from a safe distance

5. Could also be quickly manoeuvred into battle and travel quickly

6. Hypaspists

7. The elite arm of the Macedonian infantry, armed with spears

8. Would protect the right flank of the PhalanxPhalanx in formation

10. The elite arm of the Macedonia army

11. Regarded as the best cavalry of the Ancient World

12. Would dominate other cavalry in battle

13. Thessalian Cavalry

14. Used short spears and javelins

15. Highly manoeuvrable in battle

16. Used to defend the left flank of the army in battle

17. Light Cavalry and Allies

19. Developed by the Greeks in order to attack and destroy enemy structures and buildings.

20. Uses a range of tensions to hurl large and heavy objects at designated targets

21. According to historian DiodorusSiculus, this siege weapon was first used in 399 BCE

22. Ballista

23. Similar to catapult, but uses large arrow shaped projectiles

25. Battle of Granicus River (334) Lebrun. Source: Encyclopedie Larousse Illustre 1898.

26. Battle of Granicus River (334) Alexander leads his army across the Hellespont to meet Darius’ forces led by Memnon of Rhodes History Channel, Battle of Granicus

27. Battle of Granicus River (334)

28. Battle of Issus (333)

29. Battle of Issus (333)

30. Battle of Issus (333)

31. Siege of Tyre (332)