Medical Microbiology - Dr. S. Sivasankara Narayani

1. 17CY312 – MEDICAL
MICROBIOLOGY (UNIT –II)
Dr. S. SIVASANKARA NARAYANI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
AYYA NADAR JANAKI AMMAL COLLEGE
SIVAKASI
06-08-2020Dr.SS

2. UNIT -II
• Etiology, general characters, pathogenesis (Brief description only),
symptoms, epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and
control measures :
• Pox - HSV – HBV – Ebola – Marburg - Dengue virus - Adeno virus -
Rabies virus – Zika - Swine flu - HIV - Prion disease- Kuru -
Scarpie.
06-08-2020Dr.SS

3. ETIOLOGY
• Etiology is the study of causation of origin
• The etiology of an illness or condition refers to the frequent studies to determine one or more factors that come together to cause the
illness.
• when disease is widespread, epidemiological studies investigate associated factors, such as location, sex, exposure to chemicals, and
many others, inorder to confirm the population more or less likely to have an illness, condition, or disease, thus helping determine its
etiology.
06-08-2020Dr.SS

4. GENERAL CHARACTERS
• Structure of virus
• Nature of Genetic material
• Resistance nature
06-08-2020Dr.SS

5. PATHOGENESIS
• Biological mechanism that leads to diseased state
• Origin and development of disease
• Acute, chronic or recurrent
06-08-2020Dr.SS

6. SYMPTOMS
• Something that indicates the presence of bodily disorder
• Flu-like symptoms (fatigue, fever, sore throat, headache, cough, ache and pains)
• Gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, nausea and vomitting
• irritability
• Malaise (general ill feeling)
• rash
• Sneezing
• Stuffy nose, nasal congestion, runny nose
• Swollen tonsils
• Unexplained weight loss
06-08-2020Dr.SS

7. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Epidemiology is the method used to find the causes of health outcomes and diseases in populations.
• By definition, epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and
determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood,
school, city, state, country, global).
• It is also the application of this study to the control of health problems
06-08-2020Dr.SS

8. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
• Virus isolation
• Microscopy based methods
• Nucleic acid based methods
• Host antibody detection
06-08-2020Dr.SS

9. PREVENTION
• Vaccines can reduce the risk of acquiring some virus illnesses
• Practice good personal hygiene
• Protecting ourselves from mosquito bites
06-08-2020Dr.SS

10. TREATMENT
• Over – the –counter medications
• Nasal decongestants
• Cough suppressants
• Pain relievers
06-08-2020Dr.SS

11. CONTROL MEASURES
• Immunoprophylaxis
• Active & passive prophylaxis
• Eliminating non human reservoir
• Eliminating the vector
• Improving sanitation
06-08-2020Dr.SS

12. QUESTIONS TO THINK
• Differentiate etiology from epidemiology
• Reason out the connection b/w etiology and epidemiology
• Prophylaxsis vs prevention
06-08-2020Dr.SS

13. sivasan91@gmail.com
06-08-2020Dr.SS

14. 06-08-2020Dr.SS