Dr. Eric Lugada. M.B.Ch.B, PhD Medical Epidemiologist. Transformational leader in the global/public health. Program Director - Department of Defence HIV/AIDS Prevention Program (DHAPP) Uganda. University Research Co., LLC (URC) and Center for Human Services (CHS), Kampala, Uganda.

1. Epidemiology of disease
burden in Uganda
Dr. Eric Lugada (M.B.Ch.B, Ph.D)

2. Epidemiology
• Incidence, distribution, and possible control of
diseases
• Analysis of the distribution (who, when, and
where) & determinants of health and disease
conditions in defined populations.
• Attempt to determine factors are associated
with; diseases (risk factors) & protection
against disease (protective factors)

3. Biomedical science
• Set of applied sciences; natural science or formal
science
• physiology, anatomy, microbiology, pathology,
pharmacology, biochemistry
• Apply knowledge, interventions & technology in
healthcare & public health
• build competency to diagnosis, manage and prevent
disease
• health monitoring, product development, biomedical
research & innovation, medical education

4. Uganda’s disease burden
• Dual burden of both infectious and non-communicable diseases
• Infectious:
• National HIV prevalence 6.2% (F:7.6, M:4.7) UPHIA 2016/17
• Uganda has the world's highest malaria incidence, 478
cases per 1,000 population per year. Ranked 6th among
African countries
• Non-communicable disease:
• 24.3% adults have hypertension, 1.3% have diabetes and 5%
of the pop is obese (WHO 2014)
• 3 cases of cancer per 1000 (WHO 2017)

5. disease burden
• Dominated by communicable diseases,
account for over 50% of morbidity and
mortality
• Malaria, HIV/AIDS, TB, respiratory tract
infections and diarrheal diseases
• Epidemic-prone and vaccine-preventable
diseases are the leading causes of illness and
death
• Cholera, measles, Hepatitis A, B &E, ebola

6. Cause
• Lifestyle habits; smoking, multiple sexual
partners, sedentary life styles, excessive
alcohol & poor food
• Poor health systems; 51% rural pop no
access to health care
• Insufficient health workers
• Inadequate drugs & medical supplies

7. CAUSE
• Inadequate controls; substandard, spurious,
falsely labelled, falsified or counterfeit
medicines
• Emergence of antimicrobial resistance due to
the rampant inappropriate use of medicines
• Irrational prescription practices
• Unreliable health information; quality,
timeliness and completeness of data

8. Cause
• Lack of resources to recruit, deploy, motivate
and retain human resources for health
• Lack of a functional national disease
surveillance system
• Inadequate and inappropriate national health
planning
• Poor quality of the health care services

9. outlook
• 75% of life years lost to premature death
across Uganda due to preventable diseases
• Perinatal & maternal-related conditions,
malaria, acute respiratory infections,
diarrhea, HIV/AIDS, TB & malaria.
• 76% of the disease burden is preventable

10. Health care challenges
• New and emerging infectious diseases
• Changing disease patterns
• Demographic changes
• Rising costs of health care
• Globalisation

11. Solution
• Health promotion
• Disease prevention
• Biomedical interventions; immunization,
VMMC
• Timely and appropriate treatment against
fever, diarrhea and pneumonia
• Access to HIV/AIDS control and prevention
services

12. Solution
• Early detection and response to disease
outbreaks
• Construction of sanitary facilities and the
promotion of good hygienic practices
• Increased access to preventive and curative
Primary Health Care services

13. Strengthen health systems
• Leadership and governance
• Health financing
• Human resources for health
• Health services delivery
• Health information systems
• Access to essential medicines

14. Biomedical interventions
• HIV:
• VMMC, HIV post-exposure prophylaxis,
community sensitization on condom use &
distribution
• Biomedical waste management
• Infection control; injection safety