CHAPTER I-2-3-4-5

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the introduction of the research, which covers the
background of the research, research questions, research aims, research benefit
and the scope of the research.
A. Background of The Research
Social media network has created a revolutional in industry all over the
world. For this reason, social media has been used to promote all kinds of
businesses such businesses in culiners, fashions, tourisms, educations and the
other businesses. There are many cities in Indonesia has been used social media to
promote all about that cities, for example: explore Bandung, explore Majalengka,
explore Borneo, kuliner Depok, explore Malang, explore Tasikmalaya, and the
others social media that has been promote such culiners, events, educations, and
tourism places in that cities.
From the explanation before, Sumedang is one of a city in West Java,
Indonesia has several social media that have been used to promote all about
Sumedang such Sumedang Tandang, Sumedang Motekar, Sumedang Bangkit,
Gosip Sumedang, Sumedang_Banget, Jatinangor banget and the others social
media in Sumedang but, there is the only one media in Sumedang has own
Android aplication and has the highest followers on instagram, that is
Inimahsumedang.
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Inimahsumedang started from February 2015. It is begin with facebook,
twitter, now used Instagram, Whatsapp, line, youtube and the others digital
chanel. Inimahsumedang always give the up to date informations all about
Sumedang such trafic, events, culiners, tourism places and the others
informations. Sumedang has many tourism objects, but there is a destination
located in Sekarwangi, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia that is the most visited
destination in Sumedang called Sekarwangi hotspring.
From the feomenon above, the researcher is interested in analysis the
interpersonal meaning in the text of Inimahsumedang online tourism promotion
about Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place. The researcher is interested in the
topic because Inimahsumedang has the highest follower on Instagram and
Inimahsumedang is the only one promotion media in Sumedang that has own
Android application. The language in online tourism promotion media used as a
tool for communication between writers and the readers. It is related with the
interpersonal function is to exchange the role of communications through
languages.
From the explanations before, language in text of the online tourism
promotion are used to exchange either commodity or informations of commodity
of goods or services offered and finally, the reader will give the responses by
coming to the destinations. Giving and demanding information is concerned with
the speaker or the writer purposes carried out through the languages. On the other
hand, giving and demanding informations, goods and services can include
material objects are given or demanded in exchang in verbal responses.

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B. Research Question
There are several research questions:
1. What kinds of mood type are used in Inimahsumedang online tourism
promotion about Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place?
2. What kinds of the commodity exchange are used in Inimahsumedang
online tourism promotion about Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place?
3. What kinds of modality are used in Inimahsumedang online tourism
C. Research Aim
There are several research aims:
1. To know the kinds of mood type are used in Inimahsumedang online
tourism promotion about Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place.
2. To know the kinds of the commodity exchange are used in
Inimahsumedang online tourism promotion about Sekarwangi hotspring
tourism place.
3. To know the kinds of modality are used in Inimahsumedang online tourism
promotion about Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place.

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D. Research Benefit
The researcher hopes that the result of this research will be beneficial both
theoretical and practical.
1. Theoretical
The researcher expects the result of this research can be advantageous
to the world of linguistics as complement to the study of Systemic
Functional Grammar.
2. Practical
a. The researcher expects that the reader of this research can take new
knowledge in this research.
b. The researcher expects that the reader of this research know about
what kinds of mood type, the commodity exchange and the
modality in Inimahsumedang online tourism promotion about
Sekarwangi hot spring tourism place.
c. The researcher expects that this research useful for the readers,
institutions and those who are interested in doing the same
research.
E. Scope of The Research
To have specific research, the researcher has restriceted this research in
order to make it easier to be analyzed. In this research the researcher tries to

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focused on identifying the interpersonal meaning in text of Inimahsumedang
online tourism promotion about Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place.
Inimahsumedang is taken to be an object of the research because it is the only one
media in Sumedang that has highest followers on Instagram and the only one
media in Sumedang has own android application. The researcher choose the text
about Sekarwangi hot spring because it is the most visited destination in
Sumedang West Java, Indonesia (Taken from the data of Sumedang goverment
tourism office).

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CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
This chapter contains the grounded theory that will be used to discuss. In
this chapter, the research related about review of research references and the
theories of the research that are systemic Functional Grammar, Text and context,
Register, Metafunction of language, Clause as exchange, Mood, Modality, tourism
promotion, tourism, translation, the profile of Inimahsumedang, and the profile of
Sekarwangi hotspring tourism object.
A. Review of Research references
1. The research of Gifta Firdiana
The research analysis of Qantas Holiday Magazine based on some
aspects of Functional Grammar. The Functional Grammar analysis focused
on the mood (clause as exchange), Transitivity (clause as representation)
and taxis (parataxis and hypotaxis) that are used in the tourism brochure in
Qantas Holiday Magazine. The analysis is intended to identify the
elements that form the mood, transitivity and taxis found in the tourism
brochure. The research uses a descriptive analysis method. The research
data are in the form of tourism brochure collected from Qantas Holiday
Magazine 2009-2010.

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2. The journal of Ayoola Moses Olusanya
The journal presents an interpersonal metafunction analysis of
selected adverts of two political parties during the last general election.
Interpersonal metafunctions within the framework of Systemic Functional
Grammar and it was used as the theoretical framework for the analysis in
that journal. The analysis involved the analysis of mood and modality of
the various clauses identify and the journal uses a descriptive analysis
method.
3. The research of Dian Ardiansyah
The research analysis the interpersonal meaning revealed the
modality system in students’ hortatory exposition text at one of University
in Ciamis. Five texts of students’ hortatory exposition were analyzed to
find out what types of modality are used and what interpersonal meaning
which is contained through modality system. The findings showed that all
of clauses which contained modality system indicated author’s
interpersonal meaning with different value of language in text and the
research uses a descriptive analysis method.
4. The Research of Lusi Ayu Setyowati
The research analysis the interpersonal meaning realized in the
short story of Hans Christian Andersen The Real Princess. The research is
identify the interpersonal meaning realized in the short story and to reveal

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the speech function of language use in the short story. The research uses a
descriptive analysis method.
5. The Research of Oce A. Langkameng
The research analysis the process in transitivity system, mood
system and teme a study of Systemic Functional Grammar in the Gasakda
(death) text of Alor tradition. The research uses a descriptive analysis
method.
From the research references above, it is to indicate that the
theories of Halliday are supported to answer the reseach questions of this
research. The similarity between this research is in the method of analysis
which is uses the interpersonal metafuntion to analyze the data. The
differences this research is in the object of the research. The object of this
research is the text of Inimahsumedang online tourism promotion about
Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place. From the explanation, interpersonal
meaning has been used to analyse the variety of brochure, short story and
magazine, but there were not any local analysis carried out on online
tourism promotion. Therefore, this study does not overlap with the others
researcher’s work.
A. Grand Theory
1. Systemic Functional Grammar
Functional grammar is a grammar that was developed by Michael
Halliday. In his famous book, Introduction to Functional Grammar,

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Halliday (1994) explains, “The fact that this is a ‘functional’ grammar
means that it is based on meaning; but the fact that is a ‘grammar’ means
that it is an interpretation of linguistic forms.”
Halliday’s statements above, it can be said that a functional
grammar describes the structure of a language based on meaning because
language is a system of meaning that has a structure. Then, Gerot and
Wignell (1995:6) give the following definition of Functional Grammar:
“Functional Grammar view language as a resource for making meaning.
These grammars attempt to describe language and focuse on text and their
context. They are concerned not only with the structure but also with how
those structures construct meaning. Functional Grammars start with the
questions, “how are the meanings of this text realized?”.
According to Gerot and Wignel, a Functional Grammar views
language as a means to convey meaning. It is trying to describe the
language and also focuses on the text and context. It is relates not only
structure but also with how the structure is used to form meaning. It begins
with the questions “how the meaning of text is realized in the form of the
structure?”.
2. Text and context
The text cannot be separated from its context since the context is
very important to bridge text and situation. Context itself is divided into
two terms: context of culture and context of situation as argued by

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Mallinowski in Martin (1992:497) that text has to be understood in
relation to their context of situation and context of culture.
The context of situation is the immediate environment in which a
text is actionally functioning. This notion is used to explain why certain
things have been said or written on this particular occasion, and what else
might have been said or written that was not (Halliday and Hasan,
1985:46). The context of situation analyzed three components. The three
components are field, tenor and mode (Halliday,1985:45-46). Meanwhile,
context of culture is the institutional and ideological background that gives
value to the text and constrains its interpretation (Halliday,1994:49).
People do certain things in certain occasions and attach the meanings and
values to them; this is what the value is. Thus, it helps to understand how
people actually exchange meanings and interacts with others (Halliday,
1994 46-47).
3. Register
Register as the language variety based on the usage of the language.
The variation of language at register is influenced by the context of situation
which consist of three variables: field, tenor and mode. Meanwhile, register is
defined as a configuration of meaings that are typically associated with a
particular situational configuration of field, tenor and mode (Halliday and
Hasan, 1985:38).

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a. Field
Field refers to what is happening covering when, where and how
the social activity takes place. In a discourse, field can be seen through
text, structure, cohesion, transitivity, clause system, nominal and verbal
group, lexical system, abstraction and technicality (Halliday, 2004:50).
From the explanation, field is the realization of ideational meaning. The
ideational metafunction uses language to encode our experience of the
world and to convey a ficture of reality.
b. Tenor
Tenor is the realization of interpersonal meaning that represents the
negotiation of social relationship among partisipants (Martin, 1992:523).
c. Mode
Mode is the projection of textual meaning representing the
semiotic of reality. It refers to the role of symbolism played by language
in realizing social action (Martin, 1992:508). Mode refers to what part of
language is playing, what it is that the partisipants are expecting language
to do for them in the situation. Mode also shows us the channel (spoken
or written or some combination of the two) and media used by language.
The media can be the audio, audiovisual, visual and the print one. It can
be in direct communications such as tutorial, speech seminar and the
other communicatons (Santosa, 2003:52).

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4. Metafunction of Language
The systemic functional grammar has fundamental components of
meaning called metafunctions. The metafunctional components consist of
three kinds of meaning. For example, ideational meaning which reflects the
experiences of the participants, the interpersonal meaning which describes the
social relationship among partisipant involved in the text including the writer
and the reader, and textual meaning which is a form of symbolical meaning
realizing both ideational and interpersonal meaning (Halliday in Santosa,
2003:20-21).
a. The Interpersonal Function
Eggins (1994:12) state that “the interpersonal function relates our
role relationship with other people and our attitude to each other”. The
functions is concerned with the interaction between the speaker and
listener in the spoken text or the writer and the reader in the written text.
Halliday (1984:68-71) quoted in Eggin’s book (1994:149)
“approaches the grammar of interaction from a semantic perspectif. He
points out that whenever we use language to interact, one of the things
we are doing with is establishing the relationship between the person
speaking now and the person who will probabli speak next”. From this
quotations the researcher concludes that the relationship between the
speaker and listener or the writer and the reader should establish the
interaction.

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In interpersonal metafunction, a clause is analysed into Mood and
Residu, with the mood element further analysed into Subject and Finite.
The Subject and Complement are typically realized by nominal groups.
Finite realized by the tense elements of the verbal group. The Adjunct is
realized by an adverbial group or prepositional phrase.
b. The Ideational Function
Ideational function relates to represent experience in language. We
use language and we are always talking about something or someone
doing something. It is realized by processes, participants and
circumstances. The ideational function includes the experiental function
and logical function.
The experiental function focuses the language on the clause as a
representation of experience. The experience consists of sequences of
activities involving people, things, place and qualities. This function is
realized by the transitivity system or process types. They are material
proces, mental proces behavioural process. existential process and
relational process,
The logical function refers to the grammatical resources for
building up grammatical unit into complex, or for combining two or
more clauses into a complex clause.

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c. Textual Function
Eggins (1994:13) states that “the textual function of language is the
meaning of the message”. This funtions expresses the relation of
language to its environment. The environment includes both the verbal
(text) and non-verbal (context). In this function, the components of
textual function are realized by theme and cohesion.
In this research, the researcher only focuses on the analysis of
Interpersonal function. They are mood type, the commodity exchange
and modality in Inimahsumedang online tourism promotion.
5. Clause as Exchange
Clause as exchange is about the relationship between speakers and the
listener or writer and the reader through the form of language. Gerot and
Wignell (1995:22) state:
“If a speaker or writer gives you some information, he or she is inherently
inviting you to receive that information. If as speaker or writer he or she offers
you some goods, or some service, the speaker or writer is inherently inviting
you to receive those goods and services. Or if he or she demands information
of you, inherently you’re invited to give that information. And if he or she
demands some goods or services of you, you are thereby invited to render that
service or provide the goods.”
This view indicates that ‘giving’ will expect the ‘receiving’ and
‘demanding’ will expect ‘giving’. In other words, the clause as exchange
means that it requires things to be exchanged. The things can be goods
services or information. Language is used to exchange either the commodity
of information or the commodity of goods services. Giving and demanding

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information is concerned with verbal exchange in which the speaker’s purpose
is primarily carried out through the language. On the other hand, giving and
demanding goods and services can include material objects or actions that are
given or demanded in the exchange in addition to verbal responses.
6. Mood
Mood is part of the study of functional grammar. It used to identify the
forms of the clause. Gerot and Wignell (1995:25) mention that “The Mood
elements consist of two parts: the subject, which is a nominal group and the
finite element, which is part of the verbal group.” This view indicates that
there are two elements that produce mood: the subject, whose function is
typically carried out by a nominal group, and the finite, which is taken from
verbal operators. Mood carries the interpersonal functions of the clause and
consists of subject and finite. The subject is realized by a nominal group in
which the speaker gives responsibility for the validity of the clause, while the
finite is realized by the first of the verbal group. The rest of the verbal group is
the predicator, which forms part of the residue. A clause, thus, consists of
mood + residue. The detailed description of the subject and the finite is as
follows:
a. Subject
According to Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:117), “The subject
supplies the rest of what it takes to form a proposition: namely,
something by reference to which the proposition can be affirmed or

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denied.” This indicates that the subject is the element in terms of which
the clause can be negotiated. For example, it realizes the thing by
reference to which the proposition can be affirmed or denied. Then
Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:117) mention that the subject is the item
that is “being held responsible” for the validity of the argument and is
identifiable by the tag question. For example: (1) That teapot was given
to your aunt, wasn’t it. The teapot functions as the subject and, as such, is
unmarked. If we compare this, however, to: (2) That teapot the Duke
gave to your aunt, didn’t he?
From the above example given by Halliday and Matthiessen
(2004:118), here the question is still ‘about’ the teapot, but it is the Duke
who is “made to sustain the validity of the statement.” Hence, the tag is
“he”. We can see this responsibility in the case of certain offers and
commands where the subject is made responsible for the success of the
outcome.
b. Finite
Gerot and Wignell (1995:27), explained that “The Finite element
has the function of anchoring or location an exchange with reference to
the speaker and making proposition something that can be argued
about.” This can be done in one of two ways: (i) tense and (ii) modality.
Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:116), in relation to tense, state that“A
proposition may become arguable through being located in time by
reference to the speech event.”

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This statement indicates that primary tense means past, present or
future at the moment speaking, while modality indicates “A proposition
or proposal may become arguable through being assessed in terms of the
degree of probability or obligation that is associated with it.” The
negative sometimes belongs functionally to the finite. Here is an
overview finite verb according to Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:116).
Table 2.1
Finite verbal operators
Temporal operators:
Past Present Future
Positive Did, was, had,
used to
Does, is, have Will, shall, would,
should
Negative Didn’t, wasn’t,
hadn’t +used to
Does not, isn’t,
hasn’t
Will not, shall not,
would not, should
not
Modal operators:
Low Median High
Positive Can, might,
could, may,
(dare)
Will, would,
should, is to, was
to
Must, ought to,
need, has to, had to
Negative Can’t, might
not, couldn’t,
may not, dare
not
Will not, wouldn’t,
shouldn’t, is to
not, was to not
Must not, ought to
not, need not, has
to not, had to not
So, the finite is the element that indicates either tense (is/was,
do/did) or modality (can/must) and is often fused into a single word. Then,

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Gerot and Wignell (1995:38) divide mood based on the clause forms:
declarative, imperative, interrogative.
a. Declarative Mood
According to Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:111), “The Subject
and the Finite can be identified through the Mood tag; for statements, the
relationship is Subject + Finite. This is called the declarative Mood.”
Then, Gerot and Wignell (1995:38) support the above theory, stating that
in the declarative mood, the order contains a subject that can be followed
by finite.
For more details, see the example below:
Example of declarative mood (Gerot and Wignell, 1995:38)
The car Has four bycicle wheels
Subject Finite
RESIDU
MOOD
The above example illustrates that the clause, based on it is constituent
elements, is a declarative mood (subject can be followed by finite).
b. Imperative Mood
Halliday (1994:87) says that “Imperative clauses may have a Mood
element consisting of Finite plus Subject; or one consisting of Finite only,
or of Subject only; or no Mood element at all”. Then, Gerot and Wignell

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(1995: 41) support the theory above, saying that “In imperatives the Mood
may consist of Subject + Finite, Subject only, Finite only, or they may have
no Mood element. There will always be a Predicator”.
Both views above indicate that in the imperative mood the
composition can contain a subject followed by a finite, only subject, only
finite or may not contain the element mood, which is usually referred to as
predicator. For commands, however, both the subject and the finite may be
omitted.
c. Interrogative Mood
Polar interrogative has WH-question word, for example, who,
what, where, why and how. Besides that, there is Polar-interrogative as
known as yes/no-interrogative. It can be identified as clauses with the
finite occurs before subject. It is also has the elliptical and full form. This
kind of mood type can be defined by it is answer. Polar-interrogative’s
answer should be yes or no, true or false. That indicates something exactly
really happen.
7. Residue
The general term for the part of the clause which is not the mood is
the residue. The residue is the element that forms a clause after mood.
Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:121) mention that “The Residue consists
of functional elements of three kinds: Predicator, Complement and
Adjunct.” This is similar to the view of Gerot and Wignell (1995:31) that

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“This clause displays a typical pattern of elements in the Residue, namely:
Predicator, Complements(s), Adjuncts(s).”
Thus, according to both views above, there are three kinds of
functional elements in the residue: the predicator, complements, and
adjuncts. The detailed description of the predicator, complement and
adjunct is as follows:
a. Predicator
Gerot and Wignell (1995:31) state that
“The predicator is the verb part of the clause, the bit which tells what’s
doing, happening or being. There are also non-finite (‘to’ + verb and
verb + ‘ing’) clauses containing a Predicator but no Finite element.”
Bloor & Bloor (2004:43) explain that “The Predicator is realized by the
lexical verb, that part of the verb which you might look up in a
dictionary, but it also incorporates all auxiliary elements other than the
operator, which carries the agreement function.”
The above views show that predictor is a verb that is the part of the
clause, in which the predicator obviously expresses the process - the
action, happening, state, etc, in which the subject is involved. Predictor
can be joined with the finite.
b. Complement
The second element in the residue is complement. Halliday and
Matthiessen (2004:122) say that “A complement is an element within the
Residue that has the potential of being Subject but is not; in other words,
it is an element that has the potential for being given the interpersonally

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elevated status of modal responsibility - something that can be the nub of
the argument. It is typically realized by a nominal group.” In other
words, according to Halliday and and Matthiessen, a complement is
possible to become subject but is not, and it is commonly formed into a
nominal group. A clause may include one or more than one
complements. Then, Gerot and Wignell (1995:32) also mention that “The
Complement answers the question ‘is/had what’, ‘to whom’, ‘did to
what”.
c. Adjunct
Apart from the predicator and the complement, a clause may also
contain one or more adjuncts. According to Halliday and Matthiessen
(2004:123-124), “An Adjunct is an element that has not got the potential
of being Subject; that is, it cannot be elevated to the interpersonal status
of modal responsibility. An Adjunct is typically realized by an adverbial
group or a prepositional phrase”. The main difference between adjuncts
and complement is that adjuncts cannot in themselves be chosen as
subject while complements have such a potential. For a prepositional
phrase, consisting of a predicator + complement, it is often the case that
one of the constituents, the complement, has the potential of becoming a
subject and the preposition gets left behind. For example, in the clause
someone’s already written on that paper, on that paper functions as
adjunct but it is also possible for the noun group that paper to function as
subject, in which case on is left behind:

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Example of Adjunct (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2004:124)
The paper ‘s Already been written On
Subject Finite Adjunct predicator Adjunct
MOOD RESIDU
Then, Gerot and Wignell (1995:34) explain that “Circumstantial
Adjunct answer the questions ‘how’, ‘when’, ‘where’, ‘by whom’.” There
are three types of Adjunct which can be distinguished by metafunction.
This affects their location in the clause, Halliday and Matthiessen
(2004:125):
Table 2.2
Metafunction and types of Adjunct
Metafunction Types of Adjunct Location in mood
structure
Experiental Circumtantial adjunct In residu
Interpersonal Modal adjunct In mood or comment
Textual Conjunctive adunct (not in mood
structure)
8. Modality
Modality refers to the degree of certainty and truth of statements
about the world. It is the general term for all signs of speaker or the
writer’s opinion. Modality consists of modalisation realised by modal verb
operators such as may, will and must. Modulation realized by the mood
adjuncts. The interpersonal metafunction is a resource for enacting social

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roles and relationship between speaker/writer and listener/reader
(Matthiessen, 1995:17).
Gerot and Wignel (1994:28) state that modality represent the
interpersonal meaning since it indicates the speaker or the writer’s
judgement of the probabilities or the obligations involved in what he or
she is saying. Matthews (2005:228) defines modality as “category
covering either a kind of speech act or the degree of certainly with wich
something is said. Moreover, Eggins (2004:172) writes that modality is a
complex area of an English grammar which ivestigates how to convey the
message of text, and how human express their attitudes and judgements
through different ways. It is supported with Halliday and Matthienssen
(2004:143) state, write that modality as the speaker or the writer’s
judgement, or request of the judgement of the listener or the reader on the
status of what being said.
From the definitions above, modality is generally defined as a
means of expressing the relationship and the power relations between a
speaker or the writer and the listener or the reader. As one of the SFG
tools, modality also has a system. Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:147)
divided it into two term, they are propositions and proposals which are
also known as modalizations and modulations. Halliday and Matthiessen
(2004:7) state that modalization involve the expression of intermediate
possibilities; first, degrees of probability (possibility/probably/certainly),
second, degree of usuality (sometimes, usually, always).

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Eggins (2004:172) defines the terms of probability and usuality
such the speaker expresses judgement as to the prequency in which
something happens. Furthemore, Eggins (2004:173) argues that modal
adjunct and modal operators can also be categorized into three values of
certainly or usuality; first, in hight: must, certainly, always. Second, in
median: may, probably, usuality. Third, low: might, possibly, sometimes.
In the process of analysing interpersonal meaning, the writer analized the
text of Inimahsumedang online tourism promotion. The writer analyzed
text by existence of modality types, value of modality which is contained
in the sentence. The values were categorized in high, medium and low. It
means the value of modality type analysis can be described the copywriter
meaning and how strong the power relation or statement the copywriter in
text.
B. Supporting Theory
1. Tourism promotion
Tourism promotion means trying to encourage the actual and
potential customers to travel a destination through the spreading of
information. Promotion is one of the most effective marketing mix
elements used in marketing a tourist product. The objectives of promotion
those are consistent with general marketing plan is to identify the target
group which the promotion is conducted, to find out the effective
advertising, sales support and public relation programs to be planned and
to select the best methods to be used to control (Baldemoro, 2013).

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2. Tourism
There are some definitions of tourism from several experts to
support the opinion of the writer. The definition of tourism based on UU
No. 9 tahun 1990 is an activity to visite some place in short time with
purpose to enjoy the tourism object. There is also definition from Spillane
(1982:20) tourism is an activity to visit some places with purpose to get
the sport or rest, to finish the duty. Besides, based on UU No. 10 tahun
2009 tourism is all kinds of tourism activities which is supported the
facilities and services of the Goverment, society, enterpreneur and
regional goverment. Based on the definitions, it can be concludes that the
the tourism is an activity to visit some places and purpose of tourism are
to relax to enjoy the tourism object, to get the sport or rest and finish the
duty.
3. Kinds of Tourism
According to spillane (1982:29-31) there are 6 kinds of tourism based
o the motive of travel destination. They are pleasure tourism, recreational
tourism, cultural tourism, sport tourism, business tourism and
conventional tourism. The definitions are as follows:
1. Pleasure Tourism
Pleasure tourism is for people to holiday, get some fresh air,
fulfill the curiousity, relax the muscles, look at something new,
enjoy the beautiful scenery, get information about folk tale and
quiteness.

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2. Recreational tourism
Recreational tourism is using for relaxing minds,
recovering the physical and spiritual fitness, refreshing the fatigue
and exhaustion. This type of tourism can be done at the
destination like the foreshore, mountain, health center or resort.
Tourism has recognized that many visitors specifically attracted
by recreational offerings. In support of recreational activities
goverment has taken an important role in a creation, maintenance
and organization and whole industries have developed
merchandise or services.
3. Cultural Tourism
This type is signed by a set of motivation, such as studying
at research center, learning the mores, foundation and the
different way of life of the society, visiting the historical
monument, the artifacts of the past, culture and religion center
music festival, theater, folk dance and the others motivations.
4. Sports Tourism
This tourism is divided into two as follows:
1. Big Sports events is the biggest sport events like Olympiade
Games, World Ski Championship, Boxing Championship and
other events to attract the visitors or fans.
2. Sporting Tourism of the Practitioners is sport tourism for
people who wants to learn and practice by themselves like

27
climbing the mountain, riding horses, hunting, fishing and the
others sporting tourism of the practitioners.
5. Business Tourism
According to the experts, this tourism is kind of
professional travel or travel because it is related to the job or
position of someone who cannot changed to choose the purpose or
the time.
6. Convention Tourism
This tourism is the most choosen by the countries because
when a convention or a meeting is held, so the visitiors will come
more than before to stay along in that country. The most visitable
country will build the supporting building for convention tourism.
4. Definitions of Translation
There are some definitions of translation. Brislin (1976: 1) states
that translation is the general terms referring to the transfer of thought and
ideas from one language (source language) to another (target language),
whether language is written in oral form. Pinchuck (1977: 35) in Yuwono
(2000: 1) states that translation is transferring the meaning.
According to Catford (1974: 1) in Yuwono (2002: 2) translation is a
process of substituting a text in one language to another language. This
definition stresses the importance of linguistic theory in translation. In
fact, the translation process does not only deal with linguistic theory. It
usually tends to maintain the form of language of the original text. A more

28
complete definition is stated by Basnett (1988: 2) that is “what generally
understood as translation involves the rendering of source language text
into the target language.
From the definition above, the translation has the same term
“equivalent”. The meaning, context, thought, or message of both source of
reproducing in the receptor language, the closest natural equivalent to the
message of the source language. First in meaning and secondly in style.
The message of the source language and that of receptor language must be
equivalent. The readers of the translation who know the target language
only will be confused if the target language is influenced by the source
language. Meanwhile the result of translation must be transferring the
meaning of the source language clearly. In order to make the clear
meaning of source language, it is expected that the meaning of target
language can be understood by the readers.
5. Profile of Inimahsumedang
Inimahsumedang account started from February 1st
2015.
Begin
with Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and then now used various digital
chanel to promote Sumedang. firstly, Asep Wanda Komara saw the
various social media based on city which is give the local informations
such traficc, events, history, culinary and the other informations, but at
that time, Sumedang did not yet digital chanel which is up to date to
promote Sumedang. finally, Inimahsumedang have created by Mr. Asep
Wanda Komara.

29
Before seriously working on Inimahsumedang on a full time, Mr.
Asep worked at an automotive factory in Cileungsi, Bogor west Java
Indonesia, and now Mr. Asep Wanda Komara seriously working on
Inimahsumedang on a full time in his home in Sarimekar village,
Jatinunggal, Sumedang West Java Indonesia and in Inimahsumedang’s
office called Sawala space located in Angkrek street, no 117, Sumedang
West Java Indonesia. Inimahsumedang get positive responses from
society of Sumedang, and become one of the trust social media.
Mr. Asep Wanda Komara and his team has the mission to “Bring
the world inspirations and optimized the local potential”.
Inimahsumedang is not only wants to be an information media for a local
area but also information media for interlocal area.
6. Profile of Sekarwangi Hotspring tourism object
Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place is located in Sekarwangi
Village, Buahdua Sumedang West Java, Indonesia. According to Mrs.
Otong, Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place was established in 1960. The
owner of the location is the government of Sumedang and it is managed
under the author of the tourism office of Sumedang. Since 1st
April 2006
the Sekarwangi managed by Mrs. Otong. Sekarwangi hospring tourism
place is equipped with a heated swiming pool and villa.
The villa divided into two, there are seven rooms owned by
Sumedang government and eight rooms owned by Mrs. Otong. There are

30
six bath rooms and there are two special for families. While, the
supporting facilities are clinics, canteens, mosque, children’s playground
and fish ponds. There are rooms owned by Mrs. Otong amounted to 8
rooms, three special for family. There are also six baths. While the
supporting facilities are clinics, canteens, prayer rooms, children's
playground and fish ponds.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH
This chapter discusses about the method applied in this research. There are
research design, research object and method of research which contains the
technique of data collection, technique of data analysis and technique of data
validation.
A. Research Design
Research design is a research plane and procedur to that consist of
assumptions and detailed methods in collecting and analyzing data. There are
three research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed researches.
In this research, the researcher used the descriptive-qualitative method to
analyze the data. According to Surakhmad (1990-139), “Metode deskriptif adalah
metode yang digunakan tidak hanya terbatas kepada pengumpulan data dan
penyusunannya tetapi tetapi meliputi analisis dan interpretasi tentang arti data
itu”.

31
From the quotation, the descriptive method is one of method that is used to
analysis by describing the data. Descriptive method is used not only for the data
collection and arrangement but also for analysis and interpretation by presenting it
in the form of descriptions.
Qualitative method is the method that is used to explore social problem
that describes the whole data and analyze the meaning of the data. The data is
reported based on the informations’ view and it is done in natural setting. It is
stated by Creswell (1998) defines qualitative approach as a research and
understanding process based on the methodology of a social phenomenon and the
problem of human.
B. Research Object
The research object is a text of Inimahsumedang online tourism promotion
about Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place. Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place is
the popular destination (taken from data of Sumedang goverment tourism office).
Besides that, Inimahsumedang is a promotion media in Sumedang which has
highest follower on Instagram and Inimahsumedang is the only promotion media
in Sumedang which has own Android Appication.
C. Research Method
This research used Systemic Functional Grammar approach by using
qualitative method in Inimahsumedang online tourism promotion about
Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place. The data were collected from
Inimahsumedang online tourism promotion about Sekarwangi hotspring tourism

32
place and also Sistemic Functional Grammar by M.A.K Halliday as the grand
theory of this research.
D. Technique of Data Collection
The following are steps taken by researcher to collect the data. The data are taken
by researcher from:
a. Observation
The researcher collected the data by making the direct observation
to the object or location to obtain the clear data. In this study, the
researcher visited Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place two times a month,
January 25th
2018 and February 3rd
2018 to get the accurate informations
and data needed. To support the analysis of the research, the researcher
also took some photos of the object of the research.
b. Interview
In this research, the research used free interview. The researcher
got the data from interviews at the time of observation to the objects. To
get the data, the researcher interviewed the administrator of Sekarwangi
hotspring tourism place in February 3th
2018 and to the founder of
Inimahsumedang in january 4th
2018. It is to get the informations about the
profile of Sekarwangi hotspring and the profile of Inimahsumedang. To

33
support the data, the researcher took some picture when the researcher
doing the interview.
c. Library Research
The researcher read several printed materials such books,
magazines, brochures and also browse internet. It is all related to the topic
of the research.
E. Technique of Data Analysis
After the researcher collecting the data, researcher used thematic analysis
to analyze the data. According to Braund and Clarke (2006), thematic analysis is a
qualitative analytic method for identifying, analysing and reporting patterns
(themes) within data. It minimally organises and describes the data set in detail.
However, frequently it goes further than this, and interprets various aspects of the
research topic. Here are the steps which were carried out regarding to the process
of analyzing the qualitative data.
After the data had been collected, the researcher begin to analyse it. First,
on 8 Oktober the researcher collected the data from Sumedang governmment
tourism office about which one the tourism object in Sumedang that the most
visited. Second, the researcher search online media which promotes Sekarwangi
hotspring tourism place then the researcher chooses text of Inimahsumedang
about Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place to be the object of the research because

34
Inimahsumedang is the only one social media in Sumedang that has highest
followers on Instagram. Third, translating the text into Inimahsumedng about
Sekarwangi hot spring into English. Fourth, the text was presented and the
researcher analyzed based on arrangement of interpersonal meaning proposed by
Halliday. Fifth, the text was split into sentences and clauses. Sixth, drawing a table
of analysis on Microsoft Excel. Seventh, identifying and interpreting the mood
type, comodity exchange and modality in text . Eighth, editing the paper to make
good interpretation. Nineth, drawing a conclusion. The last, the researcher
reporting the data in order to make it accepted and corrected by the readers and to
make the research better.
F. Technique of Data Validation
According to Creswell (2016:264), “validitas merupakan salahsatu
kekuatan penelitian kualitatif dan didasarkan pada penentuan, apakah temuan
yang di dapat akurat dari sudut pandang peneliti, partisipan atau pembaca”. On
the other hand, the validity is the accurate data degree in field and the data that
reported by the researcher.
In this case, the researcher tries to arrange some phase to validate the data
collecting which is took by doing some steps bellows:
1. Planning Phase
In this phase, the researcher was identifying a promotion media in
Sumedang which is the only one media in Sumedang has own Android
aplication called Inimahsumedang besides that, Inimahsumedang has the

35
highest follower on Instagram than the others promotion media in
Sumedang such Sumedang Tandang, Sumedang Motekar, Sumedang
Bangkit, Gosip Sumedang, Sumedang Banget and Jatinangor Banget. It is
all media in Sumedang to inform the reader about events, culiners, the
destinations and the other information in Sumedang.
The researcher choose text of Inimahsumedang that promote one of
the tourism place which is the most visited destinations in Sumedang.
From this, the researcher get the data from Sumedang goverment tourism
office on 8 October 2017 about the number of visitor visited destinations
in Sumedang then, the researcher choose Sekarwangi hotspring tourism
place because it is the most visited destination in Sumedang.
from the explanations, the researcher took the text of
Inimahsumedang about Sekarwangi hotspring as an object analysis. By
doing this phase, the researcher asked permission to Mr. Asep Wanda
Komara to take the data about the profile of Inimahsumedang on 4 January
2018 by coming to the office of Inimahsumedang called Sawala Space
located in Angkrek street, no 177, Sumedang.
On 3 February 2018, the researcher asked permission to the staff of
Sekarwangi hot spring to get the informations about the profile and took
some ficture in location.
2. Analsis Phase

36
After the data collected, the researcher continuoused the text
analysis with coding, categorizing, interpreting and concluding.
1. Coding
The researcher make coding in teks of Inimahsumedang
about Sekarwangi hot spring. For example, the researcher give
code S for subject, F for Finite, P for predicator, C for
complement, CA for Circumstantial adjunst and A for Adjunct.
The researcher give DM1 code for the first data in the form of
declarative mood, IM1 for the first in the form of interrogative
mood, EM1 for the first data in the form of epistemic modality
and DM2 for the second data in the form of deontic modality.
2. Categorizing
After make code in every word in teks, the writer make
categorized the data based on research questions. For example,
the researcher find out the sentences or phrase in teks in the
form of declarative mood, interrogative mood, modality and to
the sentences as the commodity exchange of informations or
goods.
3. Iterpretation
The researcher describes on every data based on research
questions. It is to make the reader understand to the research.
4. Concluding

37
The writer make conclusions in chapter VI. It is drawn
from the result of analysis in chapter IV. For example, from the
seven data that have been analyzed based on mood types, there
are five data in the form of declarative mood, and two data in
the form of interrogative mood. From the eight that have been
analyzed based on ommodity exchange there are seven data in
the form of exchange the information and one data in the form
of exchange the good and from the data that have been
analyzed, the modality types dominated by epistemic modality
(can) as probability types in text. Besides there is one the type
of deontic modality (should) in text indicated the author’s
command or guidlines.

38
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter consists of two sections. This sections will discuss the general
interpetation of all mood types, commodity exchange and modality in the scope of
the research to answer the research questions.
A. Mood Type in Inimahsumedang About Sekarwangi Hotspring
Data 1
...Salah satunya adalah pemandian air panas Sekarwangi.
...One of them is Sekarwangi hot spring.
one of them is Sekarwangi hot spring
Subject Finite Complement
MOOD RESIDU

39
Data 1 is in the form declarative mood. It has mood and residu. The first part
(mood) consist of subject shown by “one of them” and finite shown by “is”. The
residu consist only one element, that is complement realized by “Sekarwangi hot
spring”.
Data 2
Sumber air panas Sekarwangi berasal dari Gunung Tampomas.
The Sekarwangi hot spring comes from the volcanic under water stream of the
great mount Tampomas.
The Sekarwangi
hot spring
comes from the volcanic under water stream of
the Great mount Tampomas
Subject finite predicator complement
MOOD RESIDU
Data 2 is in the form declarative mood. It has mood and residu. The fisrt part
(mood) consist of subject and finite shown by “the Sekarwangi hot spring” finite
shown by “comes from”. The residu consist only one element that is “the volcanic
under water stream of the great mount Tampomas”.
Data 3
Kita tidak hanya dapat menikmati pemandian air panas saja.
We are not only can enjoy the hot spring.
we are not Only can enjoy the hot spring
subject Finite Mood adjuct predicator complement
MOOD RESIDU
(mood) consist of subject shown by “we”, finite shown by “are not” and mood

40
adjunct shown by “only”. The residu consist two elements are predicator shown
by “can” and complement shown by “enjoy the hot spring”.
Data 4
Tempat wisata ini cocok sekali dijadikan tujuan berlibur anda.
Sekarwangi hot spring is a perfect destination for your holliday
Sekarwangi hotspring is a perfect destination for your holiday
Subject Finite Complement Adjunct
RESIDU
(mood) consist of subject shown by “Sekarwangi hotspring”, finite shown by “is”.
The residu consist two elements are complement shown by “a perfect destination”
and adjunct shown by “for your holiday”.
Data 5
Kita harus membayar tiket masuk dengan harga yang sangat terjangkau.
We should pay the ticket with affordable price.
we Should Pay the ticket with affordable price
Subject Finite predicator complement
MOOD RESIDU
(mood) consist of subject shown by “We”, finite shown by “should”. The residu
consist two elements are predicator shown by “pay” and complement shown by
“the ticket with affordable price”.
Data 6
Apakah kamu suka jalan-jalan?

41
Do you like to go for a walk?
Do You Like to go for a walk?
finite Subject predicator Circumtantial adjunct
MOOD RESIDU
Data 6 is in the form interrogative mood. It has mood and residu. The first part
(mood) consist of finite shown by “do”, subject shown by “you”. The residu
consist two elements are predicator shown by “like” and circumtantial adjunct
shown by “to go for a walk?”.
Data 7
Apakah kamu punya rencana liburan ke sumedang?
Do you have a holiday plan to Sumedang?
Do you Have a holliday plan to Sumedang?
Finite subject Predicator complement circumtantial adjunct
MOOD RESIDU
Data 7 is in the form interrogative mood. It has mood and residu. The first part
(mood) consist of finite shown by “do”, subject shown by “you”. The residu
consist two elements are complement shown by “a holliday plan” and
circumtantial adjunct shown by “to Sumedang?”.
B. Commodity Exchange in Inimahsumedang About Sekarwangi Hotspring
Data 1
Tempat wisata di Jawa Barat memang tidak pernah habis untuk dikunjungi dan
salah satunya adalah pemandian air panas Sekarwangi, Sumedang, Jawa Barat.
Interpersonal meaning as an exchange the role of communications through
language. Data 1 represent an act of giving information realized by the writer and

42
an act of receiving information realized by the reader. The information that is
about Sekarwangi hotspring is one of destination in West Java.
Data 2
Sumber air panas Sekarwangi berasal dari Gunung Tampomas.
about Sekarwangi hot spring comes from the volcanic under water stream of the
great mount Tampomas.
Data 3
Kita tidak hanya dapat menikmati pemandian air panas saja tetapi juga
penginapan, permainan anak dan kolam peancingan.
language. Data 3 represent an act of giving information about the commodity of
goods realized by the writer and an act of receiving information about goods
realized by the reader. The information and services that is about the fasilities in
Sekarwangi hotspring such the beautiful inn, challenging outbonds and refreshing
fishing pond.
Data 4

43
Tempat wisata ini cocok sekali dijadikan tujuan berlibur anda yang ingin melepas
penat dari keramaian kota.
about Sekarwangi hot spring is a perfect destination where you can soothe your
body, mind amid tranguil surounding to ease the fatigue of your daily urban
activities.
Data 5
about affordable price of Sekarwangi hot spring.
Data 6
Jika kita ingin menikmati pemandian air panasnya, maka pengunjung diharuskan
membayar tiket pemandian air panas sesuai dengan kolam pemandian air panas
yang di pilih.

44
about price. If we want to enjoy hot water baths privately, additional fees will be
charge.
Data 7
Pemandian air panas Sekarwangi Sumedang memang sangat digemari oleh
wisatawan karena ternyata dipercaya dapat menyemuhkan berbagai macam
penyakit seperti sakit kulit, sakit tulang, rematik bahkan penyakit berat lainnya
seperti stroke dan tekanan darah tinggi.
about sekarwangi hot spring is very popular among local tourist. It is believed that
it has some magical spell, able to cure various disease such as skin disease, bone
pain, reumatism, and even other severe illneses such as stroke and high blood
pressure.
C. Modality in Inimahsumedang About Sekarwangi hotspring
Data 1
Type Sentence Polarity
Probability We are not only can enjoy the hot spring, but also
the beautiful inn, the challenging outbonds and
fishing pond.
positive
Kita tidak hanya dapat menikmati pemandian air panas saja tetapi juga
penginapan, permainan anak dan kolam pemancingan.

45
From the table above, it can be seen that in the data 1, the writer involve one word
of probability (can). In the Interpersonal meaning, the judgments can be send
through modalization type from the writer to the reader. Besides, modulation type
can be described about suggested, persuade or commands by the writer to the
reader. Data 1 is to persuade the reader to come to Sekarwangi hotspring by give
the positif information.
Data 2
Obligation We should pay the ticket with affordable price positive
of deontic modality (should). In the Interpersonal meaning, the judgments can be
send through modalization type from the writer to the reader. Besides, modulation
type can be described about suggested, persuade or commands by the writer to the
reader. Data 2 is to give suggestion and command to the reader target in this text
hotspring by give the positif information.
Data 3
Pemandian air panas Sekarwangi Sumedang memang sangat digemari oleh
wisatawan karena ternyata dipercaya dapat menyembuhkan berbagai macam

46
penyakit seperti sakit kulit, sakit tulang, rematik bahkan penyakit berat lainnya
seperti stroke dan tekanan darah tinggi.
probability The Sekarwangi hot spring as favorite
destination where you can soothe your body,
mind amid tranguil suroundings to ease the
fatigue of your daily urban activities
positive
of probability (can). In the Interpersonal meaning, the judgments can be send
through modalization type from the writer to the reader. Besides, modulation type
can be described about suggested, persuade or commands by the writer to the
reader. Data 3 is to persuade the reader to come to Sekarwangi hotspring because
Sekarwangi hot spring as favorite destination where you can soothe the body,
mind amid tranguil suroundings to ease the fatigue of daily urban activities by
give the positif information.

47
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
This chapter contains conclusion and suggestions. The conclusion is drawn
from the result of analysis in Chapter IV. The second part is suggestions are given
to some parties such as student who are studying languages, general readers
including the writer herself.
A. Conclusion
There are three research questions that the researcher attemps to address.
They are:
1. What kinds of mood type are used in Inimahsumedang online tourism
2. What kinds of the commodity exchange are used in Inimahsumedang
online tourism promotion about Sekarwangi hotspring tourism place?

48
3. What kinds of modality are used in Inimahsumedang online tourism
Those three research questions have framed the discussion in Chapter IV.
The researcher concludes the result of the research. The conclusions are:
1. Mood Type in Inimahsumedang Online Tourism Promotion About
Sekarwangi Hotspring.
From the interpersonal meaning analysis in the text of
Inimahsumedang about Sekarwangi hotspring identified in the
collected data based on Functional Grammar, it can be concluded that
related to research topics. From the seven data that have been collected
based on mood type, there are five data in the form of declarative
mood and two data in the form of interrogative mood.
Data Mood Type
Declarative Imperative Interrogative
1 ✔
2 ✔
3 ✔
4 ✔
5 ✔
6 ✔
7 ✔

49
2. The Commodity Exchange in Inimahsumedang Online Tourism
Promotion About Sekarwangi Hotspring.
From the eight data that have been collected based on the
commodity exchange, there are seven data in the form of exchange the
informations and one data in the form of exchange the good.
Data Commodity exchange
Information Goods or services
1 ✔
2 ✔
3 ✔
4 ✔
5 ✔
6 ✔
7 ✔
8 ✔
3. Modality Type in Inimahsumedang Online Tourism Promotion
About Sekarwangi Hotspring
Data Modality Type Polarity
1 Can Probability Positive
2 Should Obligation Positive
3 Can Probability Positive
The analysis result shows that there are two types of modality
founded in the text. The type of modality dominated by epistemic modality

50
(can) as probability type in texts. The use of modality system indicates
that the interpersonal meaning still related to modality system. In addition,
the type of modalization as epistemic modality in the text more indicated
the writer’s judgments about the advantages of visiting Sekarwangi
hotspring. Besides, the type of deontic modality (should) in the texts
indicated the author’s command or guidlines. It means that visitors not
only will get the advantages from the hotspring, but also the visitors can
enjoy the Sekarwangi hotspring with affordable price.
B. Suggestions
There are some suggestions that the researcher purpose for the
student of English Department and the others students.
1. For student of Foreign Language Department, a deeper study and
further research about Interpersonal meaning is required in order to get
a better understanding of Interpersonal meaning. The researcher hopes
that the futur researcher in online promotion will focused on different
object of Functional Grammar theory such as Transitivity and
Theme/Rheme.
2. The researcher hopes that the general reader who read this research
will increase the knowledge about Interpersonal meaning.

CHAPTER I-2-3-4-5

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