Hyperdermic needle
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The document discusses two theories of media consumption: the hyperdermic needle model and uses and gratifications model. The hyperdermic needle model views audiences as passive receivers of media messages from powerful institutions. While outdated, it contains some truth as institutions do influence consumers. The uses and gratifications model emphasizes that consumers actively use media to be informed, identify with characters, be entertained, socially interact, and escape troubles. It was pioneered by theorists Blumler and Katz who identified the main reasons consumers engage with different media.
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Jean Baudrillard was a philosopher whose work analyzed how living in a postmodern, media-saturated environment shapes perceptions of reality. His concept of "simulacra" described how media representations of reality become exaggerated simulations that audiences may mistake for the real. Baudrillard argued that media coverage of events like wars presents a hyperreal version that distorts understanding of actual realities and priorities. His theories remain influential in analyzing how media constructs and influences perceptions of gender, sexuality, and current affairs.
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This document summarizes several mass communication theories:
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2. Early limited effects theories argued that media had little impact, but cultural and agenda-setting theories later emerged, arguing media have strong influences on culture and opinions.
3. Current theories like uses and gratifications, dependency, and third-person effect examine how audiences actively engage with media and its social impacts.
The hypodermic needle theory
The hypodermic needle theory proposed in the 1930s suggested that mass media had a direct, powerful, and immediate effect on passive audiences. It was based on the assumptions of the time when radio and films were the only media and all received the same messages. During World War II, the theory was supported by the Nazi use of propaganda to influence the German public. However, the theory is now largely disregarded because media and audiences have changed dramatically with new technologies allowing people more choice and interaction with information. While outdated, the hypodermic needle theory was an early attempt to understand media effects.
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Hypodermic Needle Theory
The hypodermic needle theory emerged in the 1940s-1950s and suggested that mass media had a powerful and direct effect on audiences, "injecting" them with messages that would trigger a desired response. Several factors contributed to this view, including the rise of radio and TV, advertising and propaganda industries, and studies of media influence on children. The theory saw audiences as passive receivers with no ability to resist media messages. An example was a 1938 radio dramatization of War of the Worlds that some listeners mistakenly believed was real news of a Martian invasion. While the theory provided large datasets, it is now seen as too simplistic since audiences interpret media differently and are more sophisticated than assumed.
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Baudrillard
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1. Mass communication theories have evolved over time due to advances in technology, calls for regulation of new media, and protection of democracy and cultural pluralism.
2. Early limited effects theories argued that media had little impact, but cultural and agenda-setting theories later emerged, arguing media have strong influences on culture and opinions.
3. Current theories like uses and gratifications, dependency, and third-person effect examine how audiences actively engage with media and its social impacts.
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The hypodermic needle theory proposed in the 1930s suggested that mass media had a direct, powerful, and immediate effect on passive audiences. It was based on the assumptions of the time when radio and films were the only media and all received the same messages. During World War II, the theory was supported by the Nazi use of propaganda to influence the German public. However, the theory is now largely disregarded because media and audiences have changed dramatically with new technologies allowing people more choice and interaction with information. While outdated, the hypodermic needle theory was an early attempt to understand media effects.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in representation theory for analyzing media texts, including how representations can reinforce ideologies, be evaluated using feminist theory and postmodern approaches, and rely on stereotypes. It discusses representations in terms of Marxism, feminism, postmodernism, and stereotypes. The aims are to understand how to evaluate coursework against representation theory and recognize how media shows societal aspects through careful mediation of representations.
Hypodermic Needle Theory
The hypodermic needle theory emerged in the 1940s-1950s and suggested that mass media had a powerful and direct effect on audiences, "injecting" them with messages that would trigger a desired response. Several factors contributed to this view, including the rise of radio and TV, advertising and propaganda industries, and studies of media influence on children. The theory saw audiences as passive receivers with no ability to resist media messages. An example was a 1938 radio dramatization of War of the Worlds that some listeners mistakenly believed was real news of a Martian invasion. While the theory provided large datasets, it is now seen as too simplistic since audiences interpret media differently and are more sophisticated than assumed.
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1) Representation involves the construction of people, places, events and identities in any medium like mass media.
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3) Representations aim to seem 'natural' by positioning subjects in particular ways that serve ideologies.
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The document discusses several media theories:
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- Reception theory views audiences as active interpreters of media texts based on their social and cultural backgrounds, leading to varied readings of the same text.
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Representation theory examines how media represent people, places, events and concepts through images, words and sounds. It considers how representations are constructed and how they seem natural to audiences. Representations are selective and involve processes of production, distribution and reception that shape meaning. Audiences interpret representations based on their own experiences and backgrounds.
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The document discusses three media theories:
1) The hypodermic needle model sees audiences as passive receivers of powerful media messages from institutions without question.
2) The gratification model emphasizes that audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like entertainment, social interaction, and escape from daily troubles.
3) Recent theories recognize that audiences now help create media through user-generated content and can determine outcomes, making the audience both producer and consumer of media.
Audience Theories
The hypodermic model or "magic bullet" theory from the 1930s-40s suggested that mass media has a direct and powerful effect on passive audiences. It claimed media could trigger direct responses by "injecting" designed messages. However, this theory may be subjective as some people are more influenced than others.
The cultivation theory from the 1960s proposed that excessive TV viewing over time can alter perceptions of reality by increasing beliefs in social realities portrayed on TV. Heavy viewers (over 4 hours daily) are more likely to shape their concept of reality from TV than light viewers.
The uses and gratification theory examines why audiences consume certain media by looking at psychological needs around surveillance, identity, relationships and escapism that
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The document discusses three media theories: 1) The hypodermic needle model which sees audiences as passive receivers of powerful media messages from institutions; 2) The gratification model which argues audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like entertainment, social interaction, and escapism; 3) New theories of how audiences can now generate and interact with media through things like user-generated content and voting, making them "prosumers" with more power than past passive audiences.
Media theories
The document discusses three media theories: 1) The hypodermic needle model which sees audiences as passive receivers of powerful media messages from institutions; 2) The gratification model which argues audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like entertainment and social interaction; 3) Recent theories of re-mediating audiences that acknowledge audiences now help create media through user-generated content and can determine media outcomes through voting, making the consumer more powerful.
Media theories
The document discusses three media theories: 1) The hypodermic needle model which sees the audience as passive receivers of powerful media messages from institutions; 2) The gratification model which emphasizes that audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like entertainment, social interaction, and escapism; 3) New theories that acknowledge user-generated content and interactive media have given audiences more power to create and influence media.
Audience Theory
The document discusses several audience theories:
- The hierarchy of needs theory proposes that humans have physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs that must be met sequentially.
- The hypodermic needle theory views audiences as passive and vulnerable to media propaganda that directly "injects" beliefs and thoughts.
- Cultivation theory suggests that repeated exposure to certain media content can influence audiences' attitudes and behaviors over time, such as becoming desensitized to violence.
Common Media Theories
This document outlines and compares several theories of media effects:
- The hypodermic needle/magic bullet theory argues that media directly injects messages into passive audiences' brains, but assumes audiences are entirely passive.
- The cultivation/cultural effects model argues media has gradual, subtle influence that can change opinions over time by reinforcing views, but may be too subtle to have an effect.
- The two-step flow model argues opinion leaders filter media messages to their followers, effectively spreading influence, but it may be too multi-stepped.
- Uses and gratifications model argues audiences make conscious choices in media consumption to fulfill needs like entertainment or identity, but media can still reinforce beliefs through selective exposure.
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This document discusses several theories about how audiences interact with and are influenced by media products and texts. It describes the hypodermic/effects model which views audiences as passive receivers of media messages, the uses and gratifications model which sees audiences as actively using media to fulfill needs and wants, and reception theory which examines how audiences can interpret media messages in different ways based on their own perspectives and experiences. Cultural effects theory also explores how media can shape societal values from both right-wing and left-wing viewpoints. The document provides examples and details of each theory.
Audience theories
The document discusses several audience and media theories:
- Reception Theory examines dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings of media messages.
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
- Cultivation Theory suggests that heavy TV viewing shapes peoples' beliefs about social reality.
- Dyer's Utopian Solutions Theory argues that media provides escapism from problems in reality through social tensions, inadequacy, and absence.
- Uses and Gratifications Theory proposes that people use media to fulfill surveillance, personal identity, relationships, and entertainment needs.
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This is a PowerPoint about Media Studies audience theory. It involves theories such as: The Effects Model, The Uses and Gratification Theory, Reception Theory, Safety Valve Effect, The Effects Debate and The Law of Diminishing Returns.
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The uses and gratifications theory examines how audiences actively engage with media to fulfill various needs. It posits that people use media selectively to satisfy underlying motives like diversion from problems, social interaction, personal identity and surveillance of one's environment. The theory focuses on what audiences do with media rather than what effects media has on people. It suggests media consumption aims to fulfill four needs - diversion, personal relationships, identity, and awareness of one's surroundings.
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This document summarizes three main audience theories: the hypodermic model, uses and gratifications theory, and the influence model. It also discusses key studies related to each theory and alternatives approaches. The hypodermic model views audiences as passive receivers of media messages, while uses and gratifications theory sees audiences as active selectors of media to meet their needs or desires. The influence model emphasizes less direct influence through dominant leaders who may shape audience interpretation.
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This document discusses various ways to categorize audiences for media products. It describes several common audience categorization theories including targeting based on demographics, income levels, psychographic profiles, and consumption habits. The document also discusses theories about how media can influence audiences, such as the hypodermic needle theory and cultivation theory. Overall, the document provides an overview of different approaches to understanding and segmenting target audiences.
Audience theories
This document discusses two key audience theories - the hypodermic syringe theory and uses and gratifications theory. The hypodermic syringe theory views audiences as passive, believing whatever they see in media without questioning it. The uses and gratifications theory sees audiences as active, consuming media to fulfill certain needs like diversion, social interaction, identity formation, and information gathering. The document analyzes these theories in more depth by exploring their key assumptions and implications for how audiences might respond to different types of media content.
Audience Theory
This theory represents a shift toward viewing audiences as active participants rather than passive receivers of media. It focuses on understanding the social and psychological needs and motives that drive what audiences choose to consume. Specifically, it identifies four key needs: surveillance to stay informed, personal identity, relationships, and diversion or escapism. The theory argues that audiences make their own choices about what media to engage with based on gratifying these underlying needs.
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2) Representations involve how identities are constructed in the text as well as in the processes of production and reception.
3) Representations aim to seem 'natural' by positioning subjects in particular ways that serve ideologies.
Analyzing representations involves considering whose realities are represented and whose are denied through semiotics and other formal analysis methods.
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The document provides information about the AS Media Studies exam, which has two sections. Section A focuses on analyzing representations in a TV drama extract, while Section B examines issues related to the film industry, including institutions, audiences, ownership, marketing, and technology. Key concepts discussed include concentration of media ownership, cross-media convergence, synergy, viral marketing, changing models of distribution, and the impacts of new technologies. Disney is used as a case study to illustrate synergy and how a major media conglomerate leverages its various subsidiaries and platforms.
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This is the theory revision I created for my A2 Media group a couple of years ago. There is some general narrative theory, Media theory Laura Mulvey etc and Racial Representation theory, Stuart Hall, Paul Gilroy, bell hooks etc. This was based on Media and Collective Identity focusing on the representation of black culture in British Film and American Music Videos.
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The document discusses several media theories:
- Effects theory argues that media has direct effects on audiences, potentially manipulating them
- Uses and gratifications theory examines what audiences do with media to fulfill needs
- Reception theory views audiences as active interpreters of media texts based on their social and cultural backgrounds, leading to varied readings of the same text.
Evaluation Of Broadcast Media
This document provides information about broadcast media, including television and radio. It discusses what broadcast media is, the types of information available, advantages and disadvantages of television, top television advertisers, how digital video recorders are impacting television, and factors that make television advertising effective. It also covers radio formats, similarities and differences between radio and television, measures of television audiences, and examples of leading broadcast networks, cable networks, and local radio stations in the Philippines.
Representation theory
Representation theory examines how media represent people, places, events and concepts through images, words and sounds. It considers how representations are constructed and how they seem natural to audiences. Representations are selective and involve processes of production, distribution and reception that shape meaning. Audiences interpret representations based on their own experiences and backgrounds.
isolation
The document discusses the use of rubber dams in dentistry. It describes how rubber dams isolate the operating field, improve visibility and access, and prevent contamination. Key methods include using a rubber dam sheet held in place by a clamp on the tooth with a hole for access. Advantages include isolation, improved properties of materials, and protection of the patient. Placement involves several steps and materials like clamps, frames, and punches.
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Media theories
The document discusses three media theories:
1) The hypodermic needle model sees audiences as passive receivers of powerful media messages from institutions without question.
2) The gratification model emphasizes that audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like entertainment, social interaction, and escape from daily troubles.
3) Recent theories recognize that audiences now help create media through user-generated content and can determine outcomes, making the audience both producer and consumer of media.
Audience Theories
The hypodermic model or "magic bullet" theory from the 1930s-40s suggested that mass media has a direct and powerful effect on passive audiences. It claimed media could trigger direct responses by "injecting" designed messages. However, this theory may be subjective as some people are more influenced than others.
The cultivation theory from the 1960s proposed that excessive TV viewing over time can alter perceptions of reality by increasing beliefs in social realities portrayed on TV. Heavy viewers (over 4 hours daily) are more likely to shape their concept of reality from TV than light viewers.
The uses and gratification theory examines why audiences consume certain media by looking at psychological needs around surveillance, identity, relationships and escapism that
Media theories
The document discusses three media theories: 1) The hypodermic needle model which sees audiences as passive receivers of powerful media messages from institutions; 2) The gratification model which argues audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like entertainment, social interaction, and escapism; 3) New theories of how audiences can now generate and interact with media through things like user-generated content and voting, making them "prosumers" with more power than past passive audiences.
Media theories
The document discusses three media theories: 1) The hypodermic needle model which sees audiences as passive receivers of powerful media messages from institutions; 2) The gratification model which argues audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like entertainment and social interaction; 3) Recent theories of re-mediating audiences that acknowledge audiences now help create media through user-generated content and can determine media outcomes through voting, making the consumer more powerful.
Media theories
The document discusses three media theories: 1) The hypodermic needle model which sees the audience as passive receivers of powerful media messages from institutions; 2) The gratification model which emphasizes that audiences actively use media to fulfill needs like entertainment, social interaction, and escapism; 3) New theories that acknowledge user-generated content and interactive media have given audiences more power to create and influence media.
Audience Theory
The document discusses several audience theories:
- The hierarchy of needs theory proposes that humans have physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs that must be met sequentially.
- The hypodermic needle theory views audiences as passive and vulnerable to media propaganda that directly "injects" beliefs and thoughts.
- Cultivation theory suggests that repeated exposure to certain media content can influence audiences' attitudes and behaviors over time, such as becoming desensitized to violence.
Common Media Theories
This document outlines and compares several theories of media effects:
- The hypodermic needle/magic bullet theory argues that media directly injects messages into passive audiences' brains, but assumes audiences are entirely passive.
- The cultivation/cultural effects model argues media has gradual, subtle influence that can change opinions over time by reinforcing views, but may be too subtle to have an effect.
- The two-step flow model argues opinion leaders filter media messages to their followers, effectively spreading influence, but it may be too multi-stepped.
- Uses and gratifications model argues audiences make conscious choices in media consumption to fulfill needs like entertainment or identity, but media can still reinforce beliefs through selective exposure.
Audincetheory 170328131453
This document discusses several theories about how audiences interact with and are influenced by media products and texts. It describes the hypodermic/effects model which views audiences as passive receivers of media messages, the uses and gratifications model which sees audiences as actively using media to fulfill needs and wants, and reception theory which examines how audiences can interpret media messages in different ways based on their own perspectives and experiences. Cultural effects theory also explores how media can shape societal values from both right-wing and left-wing viewpoints. The document provides examples and details of each theory.
Audience theories
The document discusses several audience and media theories:
- Reception Theory examines dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings of media messages.
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
- Cultivation Theory suggests that heavy TV viewing shapes peoples' beliefs about social reality.
- Dyer's Utopian Solutions Theory argues that media provides escapism from problems in reality through social tensions, inadequacy, and absence.
- Uses and Gratifications Theory proposes that people use media to fulfill surveillance, personal identity, relationships, and entertainment needs.
A Level Audience Theory
This is a PowerPoint about Media Studies audience theory. It involves theories such as: The Effects Model, The Uses and Gratification Theory, Reception Theory, Safety Valve Effect, The Effects Debate and The Law of Diminishing Returns.
Bulmer and katz
The uses and gratifications theory examines how audiences actively engage with media to fulfill various needs. It posits that people use media selectively to satisfy underlying motives like diversion from problems, social interaction, personal identity and surveillance of one's environment. The theory focuses on what audiences do with media rather than what effects media has on people. It suggests media consumption aims to fulfill four needs - diversion, personal relationships, identity, and awareness of one's surroundings.
Audience theories
This document summarizes three main audience theories: the hypodermic model, uses and gratifications theory, and the influence model. It also discusses key studies related to each theory and alternatives approaches. The hypodermic model views audiences as passive receivers of media messages, while uses and gratifications theory sees audiences as active selectors of media to meet their needs or desires. The influence model emphasizes less direct influence through dominant leaders who may shape audience interpretation.
Audience Research
This document discusses various ways to categorize audiences for media products. It describes several common audience categorization theories including targeting based on demographics, income levels, psychographic profiles, and consumption habits. The document also discusses theories about how media can influence audiences, such as the hypodermic needle theory and cultivation theory. Overall, the document provides an overview of different approaches to understanding and segmenting target audiences.
Audience theories
This document discusses two key audience theories - the hypodermic syringe theory and uses and gratifications theory. The hypodermic syringe theory views audiences as passive, believing whatever they see in media without questioning it. The uses and gratifications theory sees audiences as active, consuming media to fulfill certain needs like diversion, social interaction, identity formation, and information gathering. The document analyzes these theories in more depth by exploring their key assumptions and implications for how audiences might respond to different types of media content.
Audience Theory
This theory represents a shift toward viewing audiences as active participants rather than passive receivers of media. It focuses on understanding the social and psychological needs and motives that drive what audiences choose to consume. Specifically, it identifies four key needs: surveillance to stay informed, personal identity, relationships, and diversion or escapism. The theory argues that audiences make their own choices about what media to engage with based on gratifying these underlying needs.
Key audience concepts
The document discusses several theories of how audiences interact with and understand media. The Hypodermic Needle Model views audiences as passive receivers of media messages, while the Uses and Gratifications Model sees audiences as actively using media to fulfill needs. The Influence Model recognizes that audiences interpret media through shared frameworks. Recently, the Re-mediating Audiences theory has emerged, noting that audiences now help create user-generated content and shape media texts through participation.
Media audiences
1) Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people must have their basic physiological and safety needs met before pursuing higher needs like belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Early media theories viewed audiences as passive and easily influenced.
2) The hypodermic syringe model saw audiences as passive receivers of media messages. Cultivation theory also viewed audiences passively, suggesting repeated exposure shapes attitudes.
3) Later, more active audience theories emerged. Two-step flow theory and uses and gratifications propose audiences actively select media to fulfill needs, not passively accept messages. Reception analysis adds that personal experiences shape how media is interpreted.
Audience theory task 3
The document discusses several audience theories:
1) The hypodermic needle model views audiences as passive consumers directly influenced by media messages. It has been disproven by showing reactions are determined by situational attributes, not passivity.
2) Uses and gratifications theory sees audiences as active in seeking media to fulfill needs like information, identity, and entertainment. Theorists like Katz and McQuail studied why people consume media.
3) Reception theory examines how audiences interpret and receive media messages, through encoding by producers and decoding by active or passive audiences. Understanding can be preferred, negotiated, or oppositional based on audience experiences.
Audience theory task 3
The document discusses several audience theories:
1) The hypodermic needle model views audiences as passive consumers directly influenced by media messages. It has been disproven by showing reactions are determined by situational attributes, not passivity.
2) Uses and gratifications theory sees audiences as active in seeking media to fulfill needs like information, identity, and entertainment. Theorists like Katz and McQuail studied why people consume media.
3) Reception theory examines how audiences interpret and receive media messages, through encoding by producers and decoding by active or passive audiences. Understanding can be preferred, negotiated, or oppositional based on audience experiences.
Uses and gratifications
Uses and gratifications theory focuses on how people actively use media to fulfill various needs and was created by Katz and Blumler. It assumes people are not passive receivers of media but rather take an active role in interpreting and integrating media. Needs media can fulfill include information, education, social interaction, entertainment, and personal identity such as gaining insight or finding role models. However, some criticize this theory for being too favorable to media by not acknowledging media's potential for unconscious influence over audiences.
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1) The effects theory sees audiences as passive receivers of media messages with little individual agency.
2) The uses and gratification model emphasizes that individuals actively seek out media to fulfill personal needs and interests.
3) The influence model recognizes that media has subtle influence by reinforcing existing views and that people are influenced by opinion leaders in how they interpret media messages.
Audience
The document discusses the target audience for the opening of a British gangster film. It aims the opening at males ages 18-35, as this is the minimum age allowed due to language and drug use. It also discusses drawing in audiences who enjoyed similar previous films in the genre through use of genre conventions. Additionally, it notes that broadening the character diversity beyond just white characters allowed them to target more social groups and potentially increase profits by appealing to a wider audience.
Evaluation Q6P2
The document discusses the use of technology in creating a film project. It describes how the author used various software programs like Final Cut Pro, GarageBand, and LiveType to edit footage, create music, and design titles. As the primary editor and idea generator, the author gained experience using these programs and exploring their technical features. They worked with others but took responsibility for directing the editing process and experimenting with different effects to achieve the style they envisioned for the film.
New football factory
The Football Factory is a 2004 British film directed by Nick Love. It is based on the 1998 novel of the same name by John King and tells the story of a group of Chelsea football hooligans and their exploits. The film focuses on the violent and criminal aspects of football hooliganism in England in the 1980s.
Football factory
The Football Factory is a 2004 British film directed by Nick Love. It is based on the 1998 novel of the same name by John King and tells the story of a group of Chelsea football hooligans and their exploits. The film focuses on the violent and criminal aspects of football hooliganism in England in the 1980s.
How did you adress
The document discusses how the film targeted its audience of teenagers and young females. It attracted this audience by having the film watched on a laptop to relate to increased internet and new media usage. It also included stereotypically female activities like cooking and underage drinking. Elements like girls having sleepovers and pink pajamas further targeted the female audience.
Voyeurism
The document discusses the concept of voyeurism and analyzes how it is portrayed in the films Peeping Tom and Psycho. It defines voyeurism as receiving sexual pleasure from seeing intimate behaviors of others. Both films feature male characters who act as voyeurs, watching and sexualizing female characters without their consent. In Peeping Tom, the main character films murders from different perspectives and watches them for pleasure. Psycho also depicts the villain Norman Bates watching the female protagonist without her knowledge throughout her stay at his motel, building tension until her infamous death in the shower.
Jaws film opening analysis.
The opening scene of Jaws establishes the carefree teenage characters around a beach fire and foreshadows impending violence when a girl runs off alone. Cross-cutting builds suspense between the characters and ominous music cues the audience to the approaching threat. Various camera shots like point-of-view from the shark's perspective further the sense of a predator stalking its prey. The credits with red text also foreshadow the blood and danger to come through their symbolic color association.
Presentation1
The document discusses how a film was made to follow the typical conventions of a rom-com genre to attract audiences. Stereotypes of teenagers were used to gain attention and depict their lifestyles. Research showed adding humor to the romance genre would make it more attention-grabbing for the target audience, so the film included humor and followed typical rom-com plots.
Evaluation media
This document discusses potential film distributors for a slasher genre media product. It notes that independent distributors like USA Films and Troma Entertainment have distributed similar films. While major studios like Universal typically do not distribute slashers, Lions Gate has distributed the Saw series. The document recommends the smaller distributor Dimension Films, as they have successfully distributed original slashers like Scream and Halloween when few others would.
Presentation22
This document discusses how the opening of a student horror film uses conventions from real horror films. It begins with establishing shots that calmly reflect the characters' situation, like a sleepover, before building tension. Shots include a twin answering the door while another watches TV, confusing the audience. A tracking shot shows items like alcohol that set the scene. Close-ups of a character cutting carrots forcefully with a knife and locking a door set enigma codes to engage the audience. Costumes, dark lighting, and ominous non-diegetic sounds are used to reflect the genre's conventions and suspense. The opening aims to confuse and intrigue the audience from the start in typical horror film style.
Presentation2
This document discusses a final product aimed at teenagers. It features three teenage characters, Stella, Zoe, and Jonny, who portray typical teenager roles and lives. For example, Stella's brothers interfere with her boyfriend, showing how families can be overly involved in a teenager's life, capturing aspects of what it means to be a teenager.
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Hyperdermic needle
- 1. HYPERDERMIC NEEDLE? This is a rather outdated and classical theory. According tot this theory the power of the media rests with the institution. It is as if the audience are a single entity that passively are fed everything that the institutions propose. Hence the name needle its as if the consumers are just ‘injected’. Although having said that the hyperdermic needle model is outdated, it is not completely untrue as to an extent the institutions do have some power and the consumers do accept what the institutions feed them.
- 2. THE USES AND GRATIFICATIONS MODEL? This theory emphasises what consumers of media products do with them. Two theorists Blumler and Katz, both pioneered this theory. It was that the five main reasons for a consumer to consume media was: To be informed, Mail online. To identify with characters and situations, match.com To be entertained, iplayer, watch a film To socially interact with others, facebook, twitter To escape from daily troubles or woes, reality tv, xfactorect…