Dema Al-khudair S11102368 Personal Language Project: Phrasal Verbs and Franco-Latin Verbs. LING321 Dr. Kathleen Guillaume Due: May 17, 2015 This essay talks about phrasal verbs, Franco-Latin verbs and how English has a parallel system of verbs. First, phrasal verbs are a structure of; verb + preposition or a verb + adverb. It creates a meaning different from the original verb. Example: 1- I ran into my teacher yesterday. (To meet). 2- He ran away when he was 15. (left home). There are two types of phrasal verbs; transitive and intransitive. Transitive verbs can be followed by an object. Example: I made up the story. (created) + object (the story). Intransitive verbs can not be followed by an object. Example: He suddenly showed up. (appeared)+no object. Some transitive phrasal verbs are separable and some transitive phrasal verbs are not. Example (separable transitive phrasal verb): 1-I talked my mother into letting me borrow the car. This sentence has the object in the middle of the phrasal verb. 2- She looked the address number up. The object is in the middle of the phrasal verb. Example (inseparable transitive phrasal verb): 1- I ran into my high school friend just yesterday. The object followed after the preposition. 2- They are looking into the problem. The object followed after the preposition. There are many particles in phrasal verbs and each particle carries a different idea or meaning to the verb with it. Off (To distance) Examples: 1-Take Off- The plane took off at 12 noon. 2-Back Off- He backed off when he saw that his manager was angry. 3-Put Off- She had her wedding put off until June. 4- Break Off- The broke off their contract with that company. 5- Ran Off- Her husband ran off without telling his wife anything. 6- Show Off- That man is such a show off. Up (To add to something, expand, the idea of all or nothing) Examples: 1-Put Up- She had to put up with her mother-in-law. 2-Blow Up- The dynamite blew up in the cave. 3-Mark Up- She was told to mark up the summer clothes section. 4-Sell Up- The family sold up their house so that they can move to Paris. 5-Finish up- The children were told to finish up their homework to be rewarded later on. 6- Top Up- The waiter asked the customer if he would like a top up to his coffee. Out: 1- Sell Out- He sold out his apps and ideas to Microsoft. 2- Break Out- The prisoner managed to break out of prison. 3- Pass Out- The room was so hot she passed out. 4-Work Out- Everything worked out in the end. 5-Fill Out- “You must fill out this form”. 6-Hand Out- Each student was given a hand out of the material they need to cover. Down: 1-Stand Down- "After ten years at the head of the company, the chairman has decided to stand down." 2-Write Down- The student was writing down his notes. 3-Break Down- She was so stressed she broke down. 4-Bring Down-The building was brought down. 5-Back Down- She backed down and accepted the odds. 6- Calm Down- She started panicking, she needed t.

1. Dema Al-khudair
S11102368
Personal Language Project:
Phrasal Verbs and Franco-Latin Verbs.
LING321
Dr. Kathleen Guillaume
Due: May 17, 2015
This essay talks about phrasal verbs, Franco-Latin verbs and
how English has a parallel system of verbs.
First, phrasal verbs are a structure of; verb + preposition or a
verb + adverb. It creates a meaning different from the original
verb.
Example: 1- I ran into my teacher yesterday. (To meet).
2- He ran away when he was 15. (left home).
There are two types of phrasal verbs; transitive and intransitive.
Transitive verbs can be followed by an object.
Example: I made up the story. (created) + object (the story).
Intransitive verbs can not be followed by an object.
Example: He suddenly showed up. (appeared)+no object.
Some transitive phrasal verbs are separable and some transitive
phrasal verbs are not.
Example (separable transitive phrasal verb):
1-I talked my mother into letting me borrow the car. This
sentence has the object in the middle of the phrasal verb.
2- She looked the address number up. The object is in the
middle of the phrasal verb.
Example (inseparable transitive phrasal verb):

2. 1- I ran into my high school friend just yesterday. The object
followed after the preposition.
2- They are looking into the problem. The object followed after
the preposition.
There are many particles in phrasal verbs and each particle
carries a different idea or meaning to the verb with it.
Off (To distance)
Examples:
1-Take Off- The plane took off at 12 noon.
2-Back Off- He backed off when he saw that his manager was
angry.
3-Put Off- She had her wedding put off until June.
4- Break Off- The broke off their contract with that company.
5- Ran Off- Her husband ran off without telling his wife
anything.
6- Show Off- That man is such a show off.
Up (To add to something, expand, the idea of all or nothing)
Examples:
1-Put Up- She had to put up with her mother-in-law.
2-Blow Up- The dynamite blew up in the cave.
3-Mark Up- She was told to mark up the summer clothes
section.
4-Sell Up- The family sold up their house so that they can move
to Paris.
5-Finish up- The children were told to finish up their homework
to be rewarded later on.
6- Top Up- The waiter asked the customer if he would like a top
up to his coffee.
Out:
1- Sell Out- He sold out his apps and ideas to Microsoft.
2- Break Out- The prisoner managed to break out of prison.
3- Pass Out- The room was so hot she passed out.
4-Work Out- Everything worked out in the end.
5-Fill Out- “You must fill out this form”.
6-Hand Out- Each student was given a hand out of the material

3. they need to cover.
Down:
1-Stand Down- "After ten years at the head of the company, the
chairman has decided to stand down."
2-Write Down- The student was writing down his notes.
3-Break Down- She was so stressed she broke down.
4-Bring Down-The building was brought down.
5-Back Down- She backed down and accepted the odds.
6- Calm Down- She started panicking, she needed to calm down.
Onto Franco-Latin verbs, a great number of words in the
English language are originally from different languages such
as; French, Latin, German, Greek, Arabic and many more.
According to many sources, about 45% of the English language
has words that originated from the French language. These
words do have their “phrasal verb” version, here are some
examples:
Example:
Phrasal Verbs
Franco-Latin Verbs
Put off
Postpone
Blow up
Explode
Break up
Divorce
Put up
Resist
Pass Out
Faint
Stand Down
Resign
Bring Down

4. Destroy
Conclusion: English has a parallel structure of verbs in the
sense of carrying the same meaning.
References:
1-
http://www.englishpage.com/prepositions/phrasaldictionary.htm
l
2-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_
origin
3-http://examples.yourdictionary.com/parallel-structure-
examples.html
4-http://www.english-at-home.com/idioms/phrasal-verbs-using-
out/
5- http://www.english-at-home.com/idioms/phrasal-verbs-with-
down/