Study Guide  Exam 5 PSY  Chpts  11 -13 ____ 1. A program with the greatest likelihood of success in reducing health risks associated with smoking by young people would use a. aversive  conditioning to stop smoking. b. attitude-change  programs to stop smoking. c. advertising  campaigns to encourage smokers to switch to smokeless tobacco. d. role-playing  to resist peer pressure. ____ 2. Regarding STDs and safer sex, choice, risk, and responsibility, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. In general, most adults favor greater freedom of choice for themselves. b. When it comes to sex, greater choice is accompanied by greater risk. c. Today younger people are exploring their sexual identities in an era of more casual sex. d. Most sexually active people overestimate their risk of contracting chlamydia and gonorrhea. ____ 3. The physical response to both pleasant and unpleasant stress, consisting of bodily changes related to autonomic nervous system arousal, is termed a. a  stress reaction. b. burnout . c. emotional  exuberance. d. emotional  exhaustion. ____ 4. Regarding stress and stress reactions, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. A stress reaction begins with the same autonomic nervous system arousal that occurs during emotion. b. Stress reactions are produced by both pleasant and unpleasant events. c. Stress can be a major behavioral risk factor if it is prolonged or severe. d. Activities that provoke eustress are usually threatening and highly unpleasant. ____ 5. The symptoms that occur during stressful travel, high-altitude sickness, final exams week, and (possibly) of falling in love are similar to the symptoms of which stage of the general adaptation syndrome? a. alarm reaction b. stage of resistance c. defensive reaction d. stage of avoidance ____ 6. Which of the following is a response to frustration that involves either physically leaving the source of one’s frustration, such as quitting a job, or psychologically withdrawing through feigned apathy or the use of drugs? a. escape b. displaced aggression c. scapegoating d. circumvention ____ 7. Often when a newborn baby is brought home from the hospital, the preschool sibling will begin to exhibit behaviors, such as sucking his or her thumb or wetting the bed. These reactions illustrate which defense mechanism? a. compensation b. repression c. reaction formation d. regression ____ 8. Regarding the Type A personality, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The best way to avoid the self-made stress of a Type A personality is to adopt the opposite characteristics. b. While Type A behavior appears to promote heart disease, time urgency and overwork may be what actually triggers the heart attack. c. Because our society places a premium on achievement, competition, and mastery, it is not surprising that many people develop Type A personalities. d. The most damaging patterns of Type A personalities may occur in hostile persons who keep their anger “b.

1. Study Guide
Exam 5 PSY
Chpts
11 -13
____
1.
A program with the greatest likelihood of success in reducing
health risks associated with smoking by young people would use
a.
aversive
conditioning to stop smoking.
b.
attitude-change
programs to stop smoking.
c.
advertising
campaigns to encourage smokers to switch to smokeless
tobacco.
d.
role-playing
to resist peer pressure.
____
2.
Regarding STDs and safer sex, choice, risk, and responsibility,
which of the following statements is FALSE?
a.
In general, most adults favor greater freedom of choice for
themselves.
b.
When it comes to sex, greater choice is accompanied by greater
risk.

2. c.
Today younger people are exploring their sexual identities in an
era of more casual sex.
d.
Most sexually active people overestimate their risk of
contracting chlamydia and gonorrhea.
____
3.
The physical response to both pleasant and unpleasant stress,
consisting of bodily changes related to autonomic nervous
system arousal, is termed
a.
a
stress reaction.
b.
burnout
.
c.
emotional
exuberance.
d.
emotional
exhaustion.
____
4.
Regarding stress and stress reactions, which of the following
statements is FALSE?
a.
A stress reaction begins with the same autonomic nervous
system arousal that occurs during emotion.
b.
Stress reactions are produced by both pleasant and unpleasant

3. events.
c.
Stress can be a major behavioral risk factor if it is prolonged or
severe.
d.
Activities that provoke eustress are usually threatening and
highly unpleasant.
____
5.
The symptoms that occur during stressful travel, high-altitude
sickness, final exams week, and (possibly) of falling in love are
similar to the symptoms of which stage of the general
adaptation syndrome?
a.
alarm reaction
b.
stage of resistance
c.
defensive reaction
d.
stage of avoidance
____
6.
Which of the following is a response to frustration that involves
either physically leaving the source of one’s frustration, such as
quitting a job, or psychologically withdrawing through feigned
apathy or the use of drugs?
a.
escape
b.
displaced aggression
c.

4. scapegoating
d.
circumvention
____
7.
Often when a newborn baby is brought home from the hospital,
the preschool sibling will begin to exhibit behaviors, such as
sucking his or her thumb or wetting the bed. These reactions
illustrate which defense mechanism?
a.
compensation
b.
repression
c.
reaction formation
d.
regression
____
8.
Regarding the Type A personality, which of the following
statements is FALSE?
a.
The best way to avoid the self-made stress of a Type A
personality is to adopt the opposite characteristics.
b.
While Type A behavior appears to promote heart disease, time
urgency and overwork may be what actually triggers the heart
attack.
c.
Because our society places a premium on achievement,
competition, and mastery, it is not surprising that many people
develop Type A personalities.

5. d.
The most damaging patterns of Type A personalities may occur
in hostile persons who keep their anger “bottled up,” but don’t
express it outwardly.
____
9.
Which of the following is NOT one of the core features of a
hardy personality?
a.
seeing life as a series of challenges
b.
having a sense of commitment to self, work and family
c.
feeling that one has control over one’s life and work
d.
effective use of defense mechanisms
____
10.
Which of the following tend to be hardy individuals, who see
setbacks as challenges, are strengthened by losses, and find
humor in disappointments?
a.
naïve people
b.
immature people
c.
happy people
d.
arrogant people
____

6. 11.
Which of the following is the use of behavioral strategies to
reduce stress and improve coping skills?
a.
psychodynamics
b.
stress management
c.
transcendental meditation
d.
behavioral coping
____
12.
Each evening before going to bed, Rachel tightens all the
muscles in her feet,
then
voluntarily relaxes them. Then she tightens all the muscles in
her legs,
then
voluntarily relaxes them. She does this all the way to her head.
Rachel is practicing the technique of
a.
stress
inoculation.
b.
progressive
relaxation.
c.
guided
imagery.
d.
meditation
.

7. ____
13.
Which of the following techniques was popularized by
Meichenbaum
and involves a person fighting fear and anxiety by monitoring
negative self-statements and replacing them with coping
statements?
a.
stress inoculation
b.
the G.A.S. technique
c.
guided imagery
d.
refusal skills training
____
14.
Herbert’s scores are just barely outside of the normal range on a
test of his emotions. Thus, which limitation of a statistical
definition of abnormality must the examiner confront?
a.
whether Herbert is feeling any subjective discomfort
b.
where to draw the line between normality and abnormality
c.
how to replicate this deviation a second time for validity
d.
deciding whether Herbert’s behavior meets nonconformity
standards
____
15.

8. When a person’s sexual identity does not match his or her
physical gender, the diagnosis is
a.
paraphilia
.
b.
sexual
dysfunction.
c.
gender
identity disorder.
d.
psychological
androgyny.
____
16.
Exhibitionism, fetishism, and voyeurism are considered
a.
sexual
dysfunctions.
b.
paraphilias
.
c.
gender-identity
disorders.
d.
somatoform
disorders.
____
17.
Which of the following is an example of “going amok”?

9. a.
A Native American, possessed by spirits, begins wailing and
throwing himself at a wall.
b.
In Ukraine, a woman in a religious trance races into the streets
screaming obscenities.
c.
In Japan, a man suddenly develops a fear that his penis will
withdraw into his body.
d.
In the Philippines, a brooding man suddenly goes on a
murderous rampage.
____
18.
Which of the following is an example of
koro
?
a.
A Honduran has a history of mumbling to himself and
describing vivid hallucinations.
b.
A Laotian is plagued by fear and trembling after the death of a
parent.
c.
A woman in a remote Chinese village has an illness that she
blames on spirit possession.
d.
In South and East Asia, a man suddenly develops a fear that his
penis will withdraw into his body.
____
19.
Tanya was born with Down syndrome and has an intellectual

10. disability. According to the textbook, Tanya is experiencing
which two risk factors for a mental disorder?
a.
social and family
b.
biological/organic and psychological
c.
educational and social
d.
physical and family
____
20.
While reading this chapter, a student notices what
seems to be abnormal tendencies
in his own behavior. This
a.
indicates
that the student needs to guard against falling prey to the
“medical student’s disease.”
b.
illustrates
that pathological behavior is an exaggeration of normal
defenses and reactions.
c.
does
not mean that the person’s behavior is necessarily abnormal.
d.
indicates
all of these.
____
21.
Mary’s mother was in a car accident and suffered damage to her

11. brain, which caused her to have impaired thinking, memory
loss, and personality changes. Mary’s mother has
a(
n) __________ disorder.
a.
organic mental
b.
personality
c.
neurotic
d.
somatoform
____
22.
According to your textbook, the most common cause of
dementia is
a.
repeated
strokes.
b.
the
interaction of medications.
c.
Alzheimer’s disease.
d.
the
general shrinkage and atrophy of the brain.
____
23.
Ron has many deeply held false beliefs. For instance, he
believes he is the most famous psychologist in the world. He
also believes that sexy, intelligent, and beautiful women are

12. vying for his attention and affection; when, in fact, they find
him a nuisance. He often gets extremely jealous if these women
speak or look at other men. It seems that Ron is most likely
suffering from
a.
a
dysthymic disorder.
b.
catatonic
schizophrenia.
c.
a
delusional disorder.
d.
a
dissociative identity disorder.
____
24.
Regarding delusional disorders, which of the following
statements is FALSE?
a.
Compared to other types of psychoses, delusional disorders are
rare.
b.
Jealous type delusions are the most common type of delusional
disorder.
c.
People with delusional disorders usually do not suffer from
hallucinations, emotional excesses, or personality
disintegration.
d.
Some celebrity stalkers suffer from
erotomanic
type delusions.

13. ____
25.
The most common form of psychosis is
a.
paranoid
psychosis.
b.
schizophrenia
.
c.
bipolar
disorder.
d.
multiple
personalities.
____
26.
Which major type of schizophrenia has become rare in Europe
and North America?
a.
disorganized schizophrenia
b.
catatonic schizophrenia
c.
paranoid schizophrenia
d.
undifferentiated schizophrenia
____
27.
Because

14. patients may shift from one pattern to another at different
times,
these patients are simply classified as suffering from
__________ schizophrenia.
a.
generalized
b.
atypical
c.
disorganized
d.
undifferentiated
____
28.
In view of current research, which of the following is the best
summary statement concerning the cause of schizophrenia?
a.
Inherited potential and environmental stress combine to bring
about disruptive changes in brain chemistry.
b.
Schizophrenics are really adapting to an impossible
environment created by double-bind communication.
c.
A by-product of adrenaline called
adrenochrome
accumulates in the schizophrenic’s brain.
d.
Extremely traumatic experiences early in childhood cause the
first split in personality to form two different integrated
identities in the person with schizophrenia.
____
29.

15. For at least the last two years, Sara has been experiencing mild
depression which alternates with periods of her being cheerful
and expansive, but also irritable. These changes in her mood
appear to be reactions to external events, and she has never
experienced a psychotic episode. Sara would most likely be
diagnosed with a __________ disorder.
a.
major depressive
b.
bipolar
c.
cyclothymic
d.
dysthymic
____
30.
Marian is very depressed. Her therapist tells her that her anger
has been displaced and turned inward as self-blame and self-
hate. Marian’s therapist has explained Marian’s depression,
according to the __________ theory.
a.
behavioral
b.
psychoanalytic
c.
existential
d.
cognitive
____
31.
Jasmine has been very depressed. Her therapist utilizes aspects
of mastery training to help her to overcome her learned

16. helplessness. Jasmine’s therapist is most likely a __________
therapist.
a.
psychoanalytic
b.
behavioral
c.
cognitive
d.
humanistic
____
32.
After living in New Orleans for ten years, Rebecca’s company
transferred her to Maine. Since moving to Maine, she is
bothered by depression that repeatedly occurs with the onset of
autumn and continues through the winter months. When spring
arrives, she begins feeling normal again. Rebecca’s symptoms
suggest that she is experiencing a __________ disorder.
a.
bipolar
b.
dysthymic
c.
cyclothymic
d.
seasonal affective
____
33.
Aaron’s home was destroyed in a tornado a week ago. Right
after the tornado, Aaron had difficulty sleeping and had
frequent nightmares about tornadoes when he did go to sleep.
He also experienced difficulty concentrating at work and

17. became visibly nervous whenever he saw the wind blowing
harder than a breeze. Three weeks after the tornado, Aaron
appears to be settling down and is sleeping better and able to
function at work like before the tornado. Aaron suffered from
a(
n) __________ disorder.
a.
post-traumatic stress
b.
generalized anxiety
c.
somatoform pain
d.
acute stress
____
34.
For every ten potential suicides, how many people give warning
beforehand?
a.
one
b.
three
c.
six
d.
eight
____
35.
Modern
analysis of “demonic possession” suggest
that many victims were suffering from which of the following
conditions?

18. a.
epilepsy
b.
schizophrenia or depression
c.
dissociative disorders
d.
any one of these disorders
____
36.
The purpose of free association and dream analysis is to
a.
confront
patients’ irrational beliefs.
b.
uncover
the unconscious roots of neurosis.
c.
discover
the patient’s ideal self.
d.
increase
the use of ego defense mechanisms.
____
37.
Psychotherapy includes all of the following EXCEPT
a.
the
use of medical and other somatic approaches.
b.
verbal
interactions between therapists and clients.

19. c.
the
use of learning principles to directly alter troublesome
behaviors.
d.
the
use of different psychological concepts and methods with
different clients.
____
38.
Lindsay fails an accounting test. Lindsay now believes that she
should probably change to a non-business major, that she should
quit her part-time job at the bank, and should resign as the
treasurer for the business club, even though she is quite good at
all of these activities. Lindsay’s behavior exemplifies the
distortion of thinking cognitive therapists call
a.
all-or-nothing
thinking.
b.
personification
.
c.
overgeneralization
.
d.
selective
perception.
____
39.
Which of the following occurs when relaxation is induced to
block fear during desensitization?

20. a.
systematic adaptation
b.
vicarious opposition
c.
stimulus control
d.
reciprocal inhibition
____
40.
Harold has schizophrenia and his doctor has recommended that
he change to a new drug that can reduce his hallucinations and
delusions without the lethal risk or side effects of other similar
drugs. Harold’s doctor will most likely be prescribing
a.
Lithium carbonate.
b.
Risperdal.
c.
Clozaril
.
d.
Prozac.
____
41.
Regarding the prefrontal lobotomy, which of the following
statements is FALSE?
a.
Some prefrontal lobotomies produced calming effects, while
others
produces
no change.

21. b.
Some prefrontal lobotomies turned some patients into mental
“vegetables.”
c.
Prefrontal lobotomies are reversible procedures.
d.
Prefrontal lobotomies involved surgically disconnecting the
frontal lobes from other brain areas.
____
42.
In a national survey, approximately how many people who
sought mental health care say that their lives improved as a
result of the treatment?
a.
three out of 10
b.
five out of 10
c.
seven out of 10
d.
nine out of 10
____
43.
An individual, action-oriented, directive therapy that is known
for providing constructive guidance is __________ therapy.
a.
Gestalt
b.
existential
c.
cognitive
d.

22. brief psychodynamic
____
44.
Your friend has just confided in you that she has failed a test.
Which of the following statements would be the most helpful?
a.
“If you study a little more, I’m sure you will do better.”
b.
“That teacher gives the hardest tests and is so unfair.”
c.
“I failed a test my first year, too. You’ll get over it.”
d.
“You must be feeling very frustrated.”
____
45.
Which of the following persons developed one of the first types
of group therapy and called this technique psychodrama?
a.
Jacob Moreno
b.
Fritz
Perls
c.
Aaron Beck
d.
Albert Ellis
____
46.
Which of the following arose from the human potential
movement of the 1960s and 1970s?

23. a.
therapeutic alliances
b.
EMDR groups
c.
transference groups
d.
group awareness training
____
47.
Group awareness training that helps people to seek personal
growth experiences occurs most often in
a.
therapeutic
alliance and family therapy groups.
b.
sensitivity
and encounter groups.
c.
REBT and EMDR groups.
d.
existential
and psychodynamic groups.
____
48.
The key feature of any successful therapy, whether traditional
or distance therapy, is the establishment of a continuing
relationship between two people, which is called
a.
the
therapy placebo effect.
b.

24. reciprocal
determinism.
c.
the
therapeutic alliance.
d.
communal
reciprocity.
____
49.
In order to be maximally effective, covert sensitization should
be done
a.
several
times a day.
b.
once
a day.
c.
only
when the person is completely relaxed.
d.
in
the presence of a therapist.
____
50.
In choosing a therapist, it would be wise to remember that
a.
the
therapist’s personal qualities may be more important than the
type of therapy used.
b.

25. psychiatrists
are usually better qualified to deal with problems than are
psychologists.
c.
once
you begin therapy, you should not consider changing to
someone new.
d.
the
training of a therapist is of little importance.