1. DAARSHANIKA
SIDDHANTA
Application of Vaadamaarga
PRESENTER
Dr. Shruthi Panambur
Final year PG scholar
Dept of PG studies in Ayurveda Samhita and
Siddhanta
Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science & Research
Bengaluru
GUIDED BY
Dr. Sri Nagesh K.A
Professor & HOD
Dept Of PG Studies In Ayurveda Samhita And
Siddhanta
Sri Sri College Of Ayurvedic Science & Research
Bengaluru
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3. INTRODUCTION
• There was, for a considerable period of time, a very lively and extensively
practiced tradition of formal debates. It is called vaada.
• Vaada is a discussion with opponents based on scriptures.
• Logical discussion promotes knowledge, power of speech and eliminates doubts.
• Vaada takes place involving common topics and person who are all participating
in it, should be well versed in the subject.
• Charaka Samhita in vimana sthaana explains about vaada maarga (method of
vaada) under 44 terms.
• Here we are going to understand vaada maarga.
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4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Materials
Charaka Samhita, Shabdakalpa dhruma, Amara kosha.
• Methods
1. Review on vaada maarga.
2. Application of vaada maarga.
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5. Review
• History of vaada
• Reference
• Prakarana samanvaya
• Vaada maarga Nirukthi
• 44 vaada maarga
• Each vaada maarga definition
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6. History of vaada
• The knowledge of conducting a successful debate was referred to as vaada
vidya.
• It is there from the age of Upanishad example in Bhadrakaaranya
Upanishad there is a reference of vaada between sages.
• Nyaayasutra mentioned three kinds of debate, namely, vaada, jalpa and
vitanda.
• The vaada traditions are still practiced in modern times by Tibetian
Buddhists monk.
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8. Need of vaada maarga
तत्रेदं वादमर्ाादालक्षणं भवतत-
इदं वाच्यम्, इदमवाच्यम्, एवं परातितो भवतीतत||(ch.vi.8/26)
The results of discussion is to know is it worth speaking or not worth
speaking thus to know how one is defeat other.
इमाति तु खलु पदाति तभषग्वादमार्ाज्ञािार्ामतिर्म्याति भवन्ति।(ch.vi.8/27)
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11. वादः
• Definitions
• तत्र वादो िाम स र्त् परेण सह शास्त्रपूवाक
ं तवर्ृह्य कर्र्तत|(ch.vi.8/28)
The vaada is that in which a discussion is done with the opponent based
on shaastra.
Jalpa •तत्र पक्षातितर्ोवाििं िल्पः
vitanda •िल्पतवपर्ार्ो तवतण्डा
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24. Guideline for a vaada
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वादस्तु खलु तभषिां प्रवतामािो प्रवतेतार्ुवेद एव,
िान्यत्र|
The physicians should discuss in debate the topics which is
related to Ayurveda not any other subject.
अत्र तह वाक्यप्रततवाक्यतवस्तराः क
े वलाश्चोपपत्तर्ः
सवाातिकरणेषु|
Here the statement and counter statement entire topics of
Ayurveda in detail all the arguments should be mentioned.
ताः सवााः समवेक्ष्यावेक्ष्य सवं वाक्यं ब्रूर्ात्, िाप्रक
ृ त
कमशास्त्रमपरीतक्षतमसािकमाक
ु लमव्यापक
ं वा|
One should make any statements taking into consideration all
the reasoning properly and with fully considering and
understanding all the aspects and not anything which is
irrelevant, unscriptural, unexamined, in appropriate and
confused
सवं ि हेतुमद् ब्रूर्ात्| He should speak every thing with reasoning
हेतुमिो ह्यकलुषाः सवा एव वादतवग्रहातश्चतकन्तत्सते
कारणभूताः, प्रशस्तबुन्तद्धविाकत्वात्; सवाारम्भतसन्तद्धं
ह्यावहत्यिुपहता बुन्तद्धः|
All the conflicts of vaada if endowed with reasoning, are devoid
of defects and being promoter of understanding become asset
for success in treatment, because undamaged intellect leads to
success in all the actions.
25. Theory of vaada in Nyaayasutra
• Among 16 padaartha- pramana, samshaya, prayojana(drushta and adrushta),
drishtaanta, Siddhanta, pancha avayava, vaada, jalpa, vitanda,
hetwabhasa(savyabhichaari, viruddham, prakarana sama, saadhyasama,
ateetakaala), arthapraapti, nigrahasthaana
• Vaada – debate between a proponent and his teacher or somebody with a
similar status. The goal of the vaada is establishment of truth or an accepted
doctrine.
• Jalpa and vitanda- debate between those who want victory.
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28. Discussion on prakarana samanvaya
• The ideal treatise, ideal teacher and ideal student are considered as
basic pillars for proper propagation of Ayurveda. Learning never ends
once we perceived the degree, further knowledge is gained by
discussion with similar interest people.
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29. Why it is called vaada Maarga?
• मार्ा- अिुर्त ऐषण(sh.ka.dr)
• In the course of vaada the tools/ words required from the start of the
vaada till the end of the vaada is been explained thus it is named as
maarga not patha or disha etc.
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30. Importance of vaada?
• Vaada between the group of individuals, who typically shares similar interest, solve
problems or make comments.
• Here vaada helps in acquiring knowledge to provide better care to the patients
• Doing vaada will help in the development of participant’s cognitive, critical
thinking and analytical thinking.
• Healthy discussion brings the growth in knowledge, increases enlightenment and is
helpful in preparation for competition. Sharpness and clarity of the topic is
increased. Vocabulary is increased and also interpretation power is increased.
• The points that should be considered while preparing for any presentation are
applicable for effective communication
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31. Categorizing the 44 vaada maarga
• Medium of expression – shabda
• Reason for vaada- samshaya , prayojana, jignasa
• Topics for vaada – dravya, guna, karma, saamaanya, vishesha
• Method of presentation – pratigna, sthaapana, pratishtaapana, hetu,
drishtaanta, upanaya, nigamana, Uttara
• Tools used for proving the statement- Siddhanta, prathyaksha,
anumaana, aitihya, aupamya
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32. • Helping words – arthapraapthi, sambhava
• Definite conclusion - vyavasaaya
• Indefinite conclusion – savyabhicaara
• Questions on presentation – anuyoga, pratyanuyoga, chhala, parihaara,
upaalamba
• Reasons for failure (defeat) of vaada- anuyojya, vaakyadosha, ahetu,
ateetakaala, pratignahaani, hetwantara, arthaanthara
• Reasons for success of vaada- ananuyojya, vaakyaprashamsa, abhyanujna
• Failure (defeat) - nigrahasthaana
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35. Application of vaadamarga in research
• Design of research work– संशर्, तिग्न्यास, व्यवसार्, प्रर्ोिि, सम्भव
• Area and measure- द्रव्य, र्ुण, कमा, समान्य, तवशेष, समवार्
• Title of research work- प्रततज्ञा
• Aims and objective- हेतु
• Well known established work, any instances, example- दृष्टाि
• Comparative study- उपिर्
• Final conclusion- तिर्मि
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36. • Validation of research work/ establishment of universal truth- तसद्धाि-
universal theory, restricted theory, implied theory, hypothetical theory
• Establishment of theory through justification – स्र्ापि
• Counter argument against the proposition set- प्रततस्र्ापि
• Tools/ instruments of research – शब्द, प्रत्यक्ष, अिुमाि, ऐततह्य, औपम्य,
अर्ाप्रान्तत
• Demonstration for approval- अििुर्ोज्य(infallible statement),
अिुर्ोर्(compilation of partial quiery), प्रत्यिुर्ोर्(repeated compilation of
query/counter- question), पररहार(correction and compilation),
वाक्यप्रशंस(syntactical excellence)
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37. • Defects in demonstration- सव्यतभिारर (doubtful statement), अिुर्ोज्य
(defective / questionable statement), वाक्यदोष (defect in statement),
छल (verbal and general casuistry), अहेतु(defective observation),
अतीतकाल(delayed statement, defiance of temporal order),
उपलम्भ(defective causality), अभ्यिुज्ञ्य(admission of argument),
हेत्विर(imperfect reason is stated), अर्ाािर(irrelevant statement),
उत्तर(rejoinder)
• Rejection or failure of work – प्रततज्ञाहाति(failure to prove the
synopsis), तिग्रहस्र्ाि (rejection from approval/ unproved)
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38. Method of conducting vaada(jalpa/vitanda) in
current scenario?
• Discussion with in the department
• Inter departmental Discussion
• Seminars (national and international)
• Seminars, on the topics that is to be explored
• Case presentations
• Research papers
• Direct forming a group
• Google groups
• Facebook groups
• Whats app groups
• Zoom meetings
Vaada Method
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39. Jalpa and vitanda
• Jalpa stands for two contrary views where the speaker and opponent
tries to prove their view. so, through the outcome of jalpa we can
analyze which view is right.
• Through Vitanda we can analyse various avenues to a given context.
• So, jalpa helps in establishing a statement whereas vitanda gives
knowledge about various aspects that is to be considered and involved
in that context.
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40. Conclusion
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• Vaada maarga is been explained in vimaana sthaana as vi stands for
vishishta maana of doshadi factors by knowing the vaada maarga is
helps to enrich the knowledge about doshadi vishaya and arrive at a
conclusion.
• The word maarga is specifically used to indicate its association from
start to end of a vaada
• vaada will help in the development of participant’s cognitive,
analytical thinking and critical thinking.
41. Conclusion
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• Vaada maarga is explained by Charaka Samhita so it is considered as
pratitantra Siddhanta
• Importance of naamakarana Siddhanta is understood by explaining
the each word in detail
• The words with udaaharana helped us to understand the concept in
clarity
• vaada maarga in present senorio is understood as national and
international presentations, presentations in department and
interdepartment, in groups
42. Conclusion
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• Definite conclusion after vaada can be taken as abhyupagama
siddhaanta
• Vaada maarga can be organized in a way that which can be helpful
for presentation like categorizing it as reason for vaada, title, topic,
success,failure etc
• Vaada maarga can also be classified under research protocol.
• Jalpa helps in establishing a statement whereas vitanda gives
knowledge about various aspects that is to be considered and
involved in that context.
These debates were conducted, sometimes with royal places, to examine various religious, philosophical, moral and doctrine issues.
Jalpa- in which speaker and opponent both present their views.
Vitanda- in which opponent without advancing any of his own view , just finds faults in other view.
Sthaapana- establishment
Pratisthaapana- counter establishment
Uttara kaarana and kaarya is opposite.
Abhypagama – hypothetical theory,
Samshaya- not conformed decision
Bheshaja, aushada, saadhana, ,,,,bheshaja bheshaja
Samaya- convention- general rule
Chala- confusing statement, confusing word or statement
Ahetu- not proper reasoning
Ateetakaala- delayed order
Upaalamba- pointing out defect in hetu.
Abhyanugnya- accepting the argument with or without desire
Hetwantara- irrelevant reasoning
Arthaanthara- irrelevant statements
The person involved in discussion in the assembly of learned scholar.
Does not understanding In spite of being repeated thrice.
Does not put a question where it is necessasary and question where it is unwanted
Jalpa- in which speaker and opponent both present their views.
Vitanda- in which opponent without advancing any of his own view , just finds faults in other view.