Presentation on stars and phases of the moon

1. The Stars
The Stars
andand
Phases of the Moon
Phases of the Moon
Presentation byPresentation by
Shiva Prasad, VIII-BShiva Prasad, VIII-B

2. Const ellat ioConst ellat io
nsns
•Const ellat ion : AConst ellat ion : A
group of st ars t hatgroup of st ars t hat
seem t o f orm aseem t o f orm a
dist inct ive pat t ern indist inct ive pat t ern in
t he sky.t he sky.
•There are 88There are 88
of f icially recognizedof f icially recognized
const ellat ions.const ellat ions.

3. Who discoveredWho discovered
Const ellat ions?Const ellat ions?
• I t was described by t heI t was described by t he
ast ronomer Pt olemy andast ronomer Pt olemy and
st ill remains as one ofst ill remains as one of
t he 88 modernt he 88 modern
const ellat ion t oday.const ellat ion t oday.
• He was a mat hemat ician,He was a mat hemat ician,
ast ronomer, geographer,ast ronomer, geographer,
ast rologer and poet ofast rologer and poet of
in t he Greek ant hology.in t he Greek ant hology.
He act ually discoveredHe act ually discovered
48 const ellat ions.48 const ellat ions.

4. Northern HemisphereNorthern Hemisphere
ConstellationsConstellations
Nort hernNort hern
CircumpolarCircumpolar
Const ellat ionConst ellat ion
ss
Nort hernNort hern
SpringSpring
Const ellat ionConst ellat ion
Nort hernNort hern
SummerSummer
Const ellat ionConst ellat ion
ss
Nort hernNort hern
Aut umnAut umn
Const ellat ionConst ellat ion
ss
Nort hernNort hern
Wint erWint er
Const ellat ionConst ellat ion
ss
Cassiopeia
Cepheus
Draco
Ursa Maj or
Ursa Minor
Boot es
Cancer
Crat er
Hydra
Leo
Vir go
Aquila
Cygnus
Hercules
Lyra
Ophiuchus
Sagit t arius
Scorpius
Andromeda
Aquarius
Capricornus
Pegasus
Pisces
Canis Maj or
Cet us
Eridanus
Gemini
Orion
Perseus
Taurus

5. Draco t he DragonDraco t he Dragon
•Draco t he dragon is aDraco t he dragon is a
circumpolar const ellat ion,circumpolar const ellat ion,
which means it revolveswhich means it revolves
around t he Nort h pole.around t he Nort h pole.
•Can be seen all yearCan be seen all year
round. Draco is onlyround. Draco is only
present in t he Nort hernpresent in t he Nort hern
Hemisphere, so t hoseHemisphere, so t hose
living in t he Sout hernliving in t he Sout hern
Hemisphere will never seeHemisphere will never see

6. Ursa Maj orUrsa Maj or
Ursa Maj or is probablyUrsa Maj or is probably
t he most f amoust he most f amous
const ellat ion, wit h t heconst ellat ion, wit h t he
except ion of Orion. Alsoexcept ion of Orion. Also
known as t he Great Bear,known as t he Great Bear,
it has a companion calledit has a companion called
Ursa Minor, or Lit t leUrsa Minor, or Lit t le
Bear. The body and t ailBear. The body and t ail
of t he bear make upof t he bear make up
what is known as t he Bigwhat is known as t he Big
Dipper. Also called namesDipper. Also called names
such as t he Plough, t hesuch as t he Plough, t he
Wain and even t heWain and even t he
Wagon, t his const ellat ionWagon, t his const ellat ion

7. HerculesHercules
•Hercules, t he greatHercules, t he great
Greek warrior, can be seenGreek warrior, can be seen
kneeling in t he sky f orkneeling in t he sky f or
nort hern lat it udesnort hern lat it udes
t hroughout t he Springt hroughout t he Spring
mont hs.mont hs.
•Becomes visible in t heBecomes visible in t he
east in April, and works hiseast in April, and works his
way high across t he night skyway high across t he night sky
t hrough Oct ober.t hrough Oct ober.
•From t he sout hernFrom t he sout hern
hemisphere, he appears low inhemisphere, he appears low in
t he nort h.t he nort h.
•Four relat ively brightFour relat ively bright
st ars f orm what is commonlyst ars f orm what is commonly

8. OrionOrion
•Orion, t he Hunt er,Orion, t he Hunt er,
is by f ar t he mostis by f ar t he most
f amous seasonalf amous seasonal
const ellat ion.const ellat ion.
•No ot her is moreNo ot her is more
dist inct or bright asdist inct or bright as
t his nort hern wint ert his nort hern wint er
const ellat ion.const ellat ion.
•The f amousThe f amous
Orion' s Belt makesOrion' s Belt makes

9. CassiopeiaCassiopeia
•Cassiopeia was t he wif e ofCassiopeia was t he wif e of
King Cepheus.King Cepheus.
•She was very pret t y, andShe was very pret t y, and
would of t en brag t hat she andwould of t en brag t hat she and
her daught er were moreher daught er were more
beaut if ul t han t he sea nymphs,beaut if ul t han t he sea nymphs,
t he Nereids.t he Nereids.
•They complained t oThey complained t o
Poseidon, who sent a monst er t oPoseidon, who sent a monst er t o
Cepheus' land.Cepheus' land.
•I n order t o save t heirI n order t o save t heir
count ry, t he king and queencount ry, t he king and queen
sacrif iced t heir daught er,sacrif iced t heir daught er,
Andromeda.Andromeda.
•J ust bef ore t he monst er,J ust bef ore t he monst er,
named Cet us, at e t he princess,named Cet us, at e t he princess,

10. Leo
•The const ellat ion Leoconst ellat ion Leo
is known as t he Lion.is known as t he Lion.
•Leo' s head and maneLeo' s head and mane
make up an upside-downmake up an upside-down
quest ion mark called t hequest ion mark called t he
Sickle.Sickle.
•One of t he bright estOne of t he bright est
spring st ars, Regulusspring st ars, Regulus
(Lat in f or "lit t le king"),(Lat in f or "lit t le king"),
is at t he base of t heis at t he base of t he
quest ion mark.quest ion mark.
•The rest of Leo' sThe rest of Leo' s
body, legs, and t ailbody, legs, and t ail

11. Phases of t he Moon
Phases of t he Moon

12. Unlike t he sun, t heUnlike t he sun, t he
moon does not give of fmoon does not give of f
it s own light . I nst eadit s own light . I nst ead
it ref lect s t he sun’sit ref lect s t he sun’s
light .light .
.

13. Because of t he orbit we do not always seeBecause of t he orbit we do not always see
t he f ull moon.t he f ull moon.

14. The phase t hat we see depends on t heThe phase t hat we see depends on t he
posit ion of t he Eart h, moon, and sun.posit ion of t he Eart h, moon, and sun.

15. I t is called waxing when t he ref lect ingI t is called waxing when t he ref lect ing
light is growing t oward t he f ull moon.light is growing t oward t he f ull moon.

16. I t is called waning when t he ref lect ing lightI t is called waning when t he ref lect ing light
is shrinking t o t he new moon.is shrinking t o t he new moon.

17. The New MoonThe New Moon
•The moon, sun,The moon, sun,
and Eart h areand Eart h are
lined up.lined up.
•Sun’s lightSun’s light
ref lect s of f t heref lect s of f t he
side of t he moonside of t he moon
f acing it .f acing it .
•The moonThe moon

18. • I t is bet ween t he
new moon and
f irst quart er.
• A small slit her of
bright ness on t he
right .
• Dark part is most
visible t o Eart h.
WaxingWaxing
CrescentCrescent

19. Fir st Quar t er MoonFir st Quar t er Moon
• Moon is t o t heMoon is t o t he
lef t of Eart h andlef t of Eart h and
sun.sun.
• Half of t he moonHalf of t he moon
is visible t ois visible t o
Eart h.Eart h.
• Half light ; halfHalf light ; half
darkdark

20. Waxing Gibbons
• St age bet ween
f irst quart er and
f ull moon
• Most of t he
bright side is
visible

21. We see a f ullWe see a f ull
moon when t hemoon when t he
sun, moon andsun, moon and
Eart h are linedEart h are lined
up. Wit h t he sideup. Wit h t he side
of t he moonof t he moon
f acing t he Eart hf acing t he Eart h
illuminat ed.illuminat ed.
Full MoonFull Moon

22. Waning GibbousWaning Gibbous
Af t er t he f ull moonAf t er t he f ull moon
•The right sideThe right side
appears dark orappears dark or
invisibleinvisible
•Opposit e ofOpposit e of
waxing gibbouswaxing gibbous

23. Last (3Last (3rdrd
) quart er) quart er
•Moon is t o t he rightMoon is t o t he right
of t he Eart h and sun.of t he Eart h and sun.
•I t is t he opposit e ofI t is t he opposit e of
t he f irst quart er moon.t he f irst quart er moon.
•Appears t o be a halfAppears t o be a half
moon.moon.

24. Waning CrescentWaning Crescent
• Occurs bet ween
t he last crescent
and t he new
moon.
• A crescent of
t he bright side
shows on t he
lef t edge.
• The rest of t he

25. • I t t akes 29 days f or t he moon t o makeI t t akes 29 days f or t he moon t o make
one f ull cycle t hr ough it s phases.one f ull cycle t hr ough it s phases.
FactFact
ss
• A lunar eclipse occurs when t he moon’sA lunar eclipse occurs when t he moon’s
pat h moves int o t he Eart h’s shadow.pat h moves int o t he Eart h’s shadow.