Grammar/Sentence Review #4 Directions: Each sentence below includes at least one error in grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, usage, style, or tone of the types discussed in Chapter 11 and Appendix B of your textbook. Rewrite each sentence, correcting any errors without altering the essential meaning the writer appears to be trying to convey. Submit your list of corrected sentences through the Grammar Review #4 assignment link before the closing date of this module. This assignment is worth up to twenty points toward your final grade in the course. ) Over the last 14 years, since purchasing our first intraoral cameras. 2) During Christmas, there was a toy drive for less fortunate families and for Valentine’s Day, there was an event for students to make Build-A-Bears for themselves and others. 3) This is because these devices are portable and this allows them to continue learning wherever they are. 4) What I propose is switching programs that better helps students with their math courses. 5) This means someone who already works in the kitchen and knows our serving standards would be ideal, instead of hiring a new employee and training them. 6) In discussions with managers at competing companies, they said that benefits of telework include better work-life integration, improved employee morale, and reduced stress. 7) When workforces provide daycare onsite, employees work hard, stay at their jobs longer, moral is up, and they miss fewer hours/days at work. 8) While we realized the company pays for all of this and that it should be seen as a luxury, most feel it is an inconvenience. 9)This pay raise is significant, and the first one that I have received since the beginning of my employment with the company more than a year ago. 10) After the 12 week course was finished and all of my certifications were approved, I was approached by the head of the Malaysian team at Zenetex, and offered a full time position as Junior Security Analyst. 11) As I discussed in the last monthly meeting, at 12 miles, the delivery zone has become larger than we can handle. 12) If you were to take that into account having a more professionally dressed company shows that we are setting the bar a little higher. 13) While this may seem insignificant, because of transportation abilities, some students may not have available transportation or time to travel a far distance when there is a way to take their class at a closer facility. 14) In the state of Maryland, the higher education centers, such as the College of Southern Maryland, are using tax payer’s dollars to help pay for supplies, building and ground maintenance, the salaries of professors, and to help pay the tuition of those students who can not it on their own. 15) Lastly, marketing has requested that when we open new accounts, we ask the customer to spare a few moments of their time to take a quick survey on how their account opening process works. 16) The content of my emails sometimes suffer from time a ...

1. Grammar/Sentence Review #4
Directions: Each sentence below includes at least one error in
grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, usage, style, or tone
of the types discussed in Chapter 11 and Appendix B of your
textbook. Rewrite each sentence, correcting any errors without
altering the essential meaning the writer appears to be trying to
convey. Submit your list of corrected sentences through the
Grammar Review #4 assignment link before the closing date of
this module. This assignment is worth up to twenty points
toward your final grade in the course.
) Over the last 14 years, since purchasing our first intraoral
cameras.
2) During Christmas, there was a toy drive for less fortunate
families and for Valentine’s Day, there was an event for
students to make Build-A-Bears for themselves and others.
3) This is because these devices are portable and this allows
them to continue learning wherever they are.
4) What I propose is switching programs that better helps
students with their math courses.
5) This means someone who already works in the kitchen and
knows our serving standards would be ideal, instead of hiring a
new employee and training them.
6) In discussions with managers at competing companies, they
said that benefits of telework include better work-life
integration, improved employee morale, and reduced stress.
7) When workforces provide daycare onsite, employees work
hard, stay at their jobs longer, moral is up, and they miss fewer
hours/days at work.
8) While we realized the company pays for all of this and that it
should be seen as a luxury, most feel it is an inconvenience.
9)This pay raise is significant, and the first one that I have
received since the beginning of my employment with the
company more than a year ago.

2. 10) After the 12 week course was finished and all of my
certifications were approved, I was approached by the head of
the Malaysian team at Zenetex, and offered a full time position
as Junior Security Analyst.
11) As I discussed in the last monthly meeting, at 12 miles, the
delivery zone has become larger than we can handle.
12) If you were to take that into account having a more
professionally dressed company shows that we are setting the
bar a little higher.
13) While this may seem insignificant, because of transportation
abilities, some students may not have available transportation or
time to travel a far distance when there is a way to take their
class at a closer facility.
14) In the state of Maryland, the higher education centers, such
as the College of Southern Maryland, are using tax payer’s
dollars to help pay for supplies, building and ground
maintenance, the salaries of professors, and to help pay the
tuition of those students who can not it on their own.
15) Lastly, marketing has requested that when we open new
accounts, we ask the customer to spare a few moments of their
time to take a quick survey on how their account opening
process works.
16) The content of my emails sometimes suffer from time and
workload restraints.
17) I am aware that inventory count is one thing we do not look
forward to doing considering other end of the year duties.
18) After working this week, it has come to my attention that
there are a few changes that can be implemented in order to
assist in the betterment of Apple Spice Junction.
19) Most students have a quiet place besides a library to study
in – however some don’t.
20) This is an issue, but I am reaching out to you because I
believe we can do something about it.
OVERALL COMMENTS

3. Thanks for posting,
This is good work and does meet at least Proficient standards
across all criteria but there are a few places that need more
depth.
Please see comments below.
RUBRICS
CRITERIA 1
Background of the study: Summarize briefly what is known so
far about the phenomena under investigation.
PROFICIENT Summarizes briefly what is known so far about
the phenomena under investigation.COMMENTS:
This is consistent with the previous submission but seem to be
using a lot more older sources?
CRITERIA 2
Statement of the problem: Present the description of the
research problem and an explanation that describes how the
research problem led to the current research question.
DISTINGUISHED Presents a description of the research
problem and an explanation that describes how the research
problem led to the current research question. Provides a
comprehensive but concise description of the connection of
problem to RQ.COMMENTS:
This is much clearer.
CRITERIA 3
Purpose of the study: Describe what information is needed in
order to advance the knowledge base.
PROFICIENT Describes what information is needed in order to
advance the knowledge baseCOMMENTS:
This is much clearer on info needed to advance the knowledge
base.
CRITERIA 4
Significance of the study: Explain the major themes identified
in the literature.
PROFICIENT Explains the major themes identified in the
literature reviewCOMMENTS:
This has more info on themes but still need more recent lit.

4. CRITERIA 5
Research design: Summarize the design approach by identifying
whether it is qualitative or quantitative.
PROFICIENT Summarizes the design approach by identifying
whether it is qualitative or quantitative.COMMENTS:
This is clearly identified as qual but need more in-depth
justification.
CRITERIA 6
Adhere to APA style and formatting guidelines; writing is
concise and well organized.
PROFICIENT Adheres to APA style and formatting guidelines;
writing is concise and well organized.COMMENTS:
This is consistent with the previous submission.
OVERVIEW
Synthesize conceptual information pertinent to the research
question; this is information that you extract from the articles
selected for this review. Submit a draft literature review.
Note: Developing a research proposal requires specific steps
that need to be executed in a sequence. The assessments in this
course are presented in sequence and must be completed in
order. You may only turn in one assessment at a
time. Subsequent submissions should include highlighted
changes.
Literature Review
A literature review is a classification and evaluation of what
scholars and researchers have written on a topic, organized
according to a guiding concept, application, or practice, such as
the topic that you have selected to develop your Integrative
Project (Research Proposal): Chapters 1–5. Your objective is to
demonstrate your ability to recognize significant and integral
information, to synthesize and evaluate that information, and to
provide a description, summary, and critical evaluation of each
work. The purpose is to offer an overview of significant
literature published on your topic. The process of finding,

5. reviewing, synthesizing, and writing the literature review
provides greater definition to the theoretical framework and
gives you a strong foundation from which to work when
developing your actual application or intervention.
Your Literature Review (CHAPTER 2) should include a
conceptually organized synthesis of the results of the review
that clearly delineates what is known, what is not known, and
what is controversial regarding your topic or area of practice.
The process will also give you a strong foundation from which
to work when developing your methodology in CHAPTER 3.
It may be helpful to use the following questions as you review
the literature:
· What findings are pertinent to your specific issue?
· Are the concepts key to the research as you prepare the
Literature Review?
Analyze the relationships among the related studies instead of
presenting a series of seemingly unrelated abstracts or
annotations. "The introduction should motivate the study. The
reader should understand why the problem should be researched
and why the study represents a contribution to existing
knowledge" The study should be motivated by its scientific
importance.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will
demonstrate your proficiency in the following course
competencies and assessment criteria:
· Competency 1: Determine the scientific merit of the
professional literature. Evaluate sources applicable to the
history of the chosen topic.
. Summarize sources applicable to the theoretical background of
chosen topic.
. Summarize sources applicable to the history of the chosen
topic.
. Summarize sources applicable to the best practices for
engaging in research.
. Summarize sources that add significance and relevance to the
knowledge base of psychology.

6. · Competency 2: Apply theoretical and research findings from
the discipline of psychology to professional and academic
activities.
. Describe an area of research.
· Competency 4: Embrace, respect, and respond to individual
differences and diversity in the practice of psychology.
. Identify practices and research guidelines that address respect
for individual differences and diversity.
· Competency 5: Communicate psychological concepts
effectively using the professional standards of the discipline.
. Describe the significance of the chosen topic.
· Competency 6: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly,
professional, and consistent with expectations for members of
the psychological profession.
. Adhere to APA style and formatting guidelines; writing is
concise and well organized.
APA Resources
Because this is a psychology course, you must format this
assessment according to APA guidelines, since it is the writing
style of the profession. Use the following resources to guide
your work. Additional resources about APA can be found in
the Research Resources in the left navigation menu of your
courseroom.
· American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication
manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.).
Washington, DC: Author.
. Chapter 7, "Reference Examples."
. Chapter 6, "Crediting Sources."Required Resources
The following resources are required to complete the
assessment.
· Qualitative Integrative Project Template [DOCX].
· Quantitative Integrative Project Template [DOCX].
Suggested Resources
The resources provided here are optional. You may use other
resources of your choice to prepare for this assessment;
however, you will need to ensure that they are appropriate,

7. credible, and valid.
Project Guide
· PSY-FP5201 – Integrative Project for Master's Degree in
Psychology Library Guide.
Drafting a Literature Review
· Literature Review Process.
· Locating Common Themes in a Literature Review.
· Purdue Online Writing Lab. (n.d.). Literature reviews.
Retrieved from
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/teacher_and_tutor_resources/teachin
g_resources/writing_workshops_for_graduate_students/graduate
_writing_workshops_literature_reviews.html
· Center for Research Quality. (2015). Literature reviews:
Common errors made when conducting a literature
review [Video]. | Transcript. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiDHOr3NHRA
Writing Resources
The resources listed below are relevant to the topics and
assessments in this course and are not required unless noted
otherwise.
· Bui, Y. N. (2014). How to write a master's thesis (2nd ed.).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.
· Galvan, J. L., & Galvan, M. C.
(2017). Writing literature reviews: A guide for students of the
social and behavioral sciences (7th ed.). New York, NY:
Routledge.
. Chapter 4, "General Guidelines for Analyzing Literature."
. Chapter 8, "Synthesizing Literature Prior to Writing a
Review."
. Chapter 9, "Guidelines for Writing a First Draft."
. Chapter 10, "Guidelines for Writing a Coherent Essay."
· Use the free Smarthinking tutoring service to receive feedback
on your writing.

8. Assessment InstructionsPreparation
For this assessment, you will submit the current draft of your
literature review for feedback and grading.
Do not organize the paper by referencing each article in order
one by one. Your task is to synthesize conceptual information
pertinent to the research question; this is the information that
you extract from the articles selected and thematically review
and summarize.
Plan to identify articles and research that:
· Describe an area of research.
. Describe the area of research chosen and justify the choice.
· Summarize sources applicable to the theoretical background of
the chosen topic.
. Provide information about theoretical underpinnings such as
empirical or behavioral or constructivist and humanistic
orientations of the literature reviewed.
· Summarize sources applicable to the history of the chosen
topic.
. Shed light on the historical context and dominant themes in
the evolution of the topic; connect common themes and discuss
counter opinions.
· Summarize sources applicable to best practices for engaging in
research.
. Describe data collection strategies, research procedures, and
approaches for conducting and reporting research.
· Summarize sources that add significance and relevance to the
knowledge base of psychology.
. Indicate how the chosen sources help investigators identify
topics that are well understood and other topics that represent
gaps in the knowledge base and the need for further study.
. Create a scenario that illustrates the need for new research.
· Identify practices and research guidelines that address respect
for individual differences and diversity.
. Address individual variation and diversity within and across
groups.
· Organize and summarize sources thematically.

9. Your task is to present current considerations important to
investigators and to indicate ramifications for stakeholders that
rely on the current knowledge base. Use illustrative examples to
explain and highlight key concepts. Good reviewers share with
their audience evidence-based assessments of the current state
of knowledge.
This assessment is one component of the integrative project. It
is expected that you will continue to refine this literature review
before submitting the final project.
Walkthrough: You may view the following walkthrough
video to help you complete the Draft Chapter 2 Literature
Review assessment:
· Draft Chapter 2 Literature Review Walkthrough.Instructions
Use the appropriate template (qualitative or quantitative) to
complete this assessment. You are required to use the entire
template each time you submit your assessment, but only the
sections identified in the assessment instructions will be graded
for that submission. Anticipate multiple revisions of each
chapter.
Please note: It is important to keep in mind that paragraphs are
not comprised of two sentences and paragraphs should be
indented. Additionally, refrain from quoting unless
paraphrasing disrupts the integrity of the original quote. If
direct quotation is used, it should be in the proper APA
format.Additional Requirements
· Font and spacing: Times New Roman, 12-point font, double-
spaced pages.
· Style and format: Follow the current APA guidelines for style
and format.
Running head: ABBREVIATED TITLE OF YOUR PAPER 1
ABBREVIATED TITLE OF YOUR PAPER 11Full Title of
Your PaperLearner’s Full Name (no credentials)Capella
UniversityAbstract
Leave this blank until Chapter 4.

10. It is necessary to complete the abstract after the entire project
has been developed. The abstract contains an abbreviated
overview of the entire project. This overview will reference the
following elements of the project:
The Research Question_________________________________
The Research Problem:
_____________________________________
The Significance of the
Study:_______________________________
Theory or theories that apply to the concepts associated with the
RQ:________________
A Narrative describing the qualitative approach planned,
implications for stakeholders, significance to the scientific
community, and a description of expected results. The abstract
is one concise paragraph.
Keywords: [Add keywords here.]
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 1
Purpose of the Study 1
Significance of the Study 1
Research Question 1
Definition of Terms 1
Research Design 1
Summary 1
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 1
Theoretical Orientation for the Study 1
Review of the Literature 1
Synthesis of the Research Findings 1

11. Critique of Previous Research Methods 1
Summary 1
CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY 1
Purpose of the Study 1
Research Question 1
Target Population 1
Recruitment Strategy 1
Sampling Design (purposive for qualitative) 1
Procedure 1
Analysis 1
Ethical Considerations 1
CHAPTER 4. EXPECTED FINDINGS/RESULTS 1
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION 1
Implications 1
Methodological Strengths and Weaknesses 1
Suggestions for Future Research 1
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
[Note, the Final draft of Chapter 1 is typically written after the
entire project has been completed and just prior to the Abstract.
It is completed in assignment 4 and includes a description of the
research problem and an explanation that describes how the
research problem led to the current research question. In the
introduction you will summarize briefly what is known so far
about the phenomena under investigation; describe what needs
to be known in order to advance the knowledge base; address
briefly the major themes identified in the literature review;
summarize the design approach, identify whether it is
qualitative or quantitative; summarize briefly the expected
results; summarize implications for the research community;
and apply ethical principles and standards of psychology to the
research proposal. The introduction section is added before the
Background of the Study. It is important to understand that the
project is iterative. You will work on, change and refine all
elements of the project. In your initial submission, begin to
provide an evidence-based rationale for each of the sections

12. listed below.]
Background of the Study
What do we know so far about the area of the literature that you
reviewed?
What do you think we need to know to advance the knowledge
base?
How will this new knowledge serve the stakeholders (scientists,
care providers, families, patients, institutions) that may in turn
be served by implementation of new developments?
Statement of the Problem
Identify the gap in research or the need for additional research
in your area.
Purpose of the Study
Why does the problem deserve new research?
Are you resolving inconsistency in previous research?
Extending the reach of a theory? Solving a social problem?
Significance of the Study
Describe the significance of the proposed investigation by
explaining how the results promise to advance the scientific
knowledge base. In three sentences or more, explain how this
inquiry is original.
Research Question
Articulate whether the research question is a qualitative or a
quantitative question and provide a rationale. For Qualitative
research questions, include your constructs.
Definition of Terms
For a qualitative study, the definition of terms should relate to
how the participants should interpret the definitions.
Research Design
Discuss the method and how the question will be answered. Be
sure to make mention of the relevant APA Code of Ethics, but
not how you intend to address them. How you will address the
codes and ensure they are adhered to will be covered in Chapter
3.
Summary
Add a brief summary

13. CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Note, this is typically the entry point for beginning the project.
It is important to understand that the project is iterative. You
will work on, change and refine all elements of the project. You
will begin by understanding and synthesizing what is known so
far in the Literature Review, (Chapter 2). Theoretical
Orientation for the Study
The Literature Review provides detailed information about
theory that applies to the research topic, theory that applies to
the research method, population(s) studied and key concepts
under review. Seminal and current sources are analyzed and
evaluated thematically. The research problem is identified.
Review of the Literature
It is essential that the literature review be organized with
reference to themes identified in articles that you have read. It
is not acceptable to organize the literature review article by
article or one article at a time. You need to include 5 or more
current research articles for your literature review and review
the research design, the research question, the research
hypothesis, the sample demographics, the methodology and
what instruments were given and how, the data collection and
process, the data analysis procedures and the findings, the best
practices and guidelines related to diversity and ethical issues.
This is not an annotated bibliography. Synthesis of the Research
Findings
Synthesize the research reviewed in the review of the literature
section. Critique of Previous Research Methods
Critique the research reviewed in the review of the literature
section.
Summary
Add a brief summary
CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY

14. Purpose of the Study
The introductory paragraph addresses the research problem or
proposes to fill the gap in the literature. It includes the purpose
of the proposed research and presents formally the Research
Question. The purpose is to answer the research question.
State your Research Question in the form of a question in the
introductory paragraph for Chapter 3. As you prepare this
section of this chapter review the characteristics of Qualitative
Research Questions:
1. Qualitative Research questions ask for description and
interpretation of phenomena through the identification of
socially constructed themes and categories.
2. Qualitative questions address concepts associated with
thoughts, feelings, and actions that are not necessarily
accessible with empirical methods of measurement.
3. Qualitative data take the form of stories, narratives and
observations.
4. Qualitative questions identify the target population and
phenomena under consideration.
5. Qualitative questions do not test empirically measured data.
Research Question
Conclude the introductory paragraph to Chapter 3, by writing
out the Research Question. Add your constructs.
Target Population
As you describe the target population you will include:
Information about the number of participants.
Information about inclusion and exclusion criteria; describe
how you decide who can participate in the study and who
cannot.
Recruitment strategy
Sampling design (purposive for qualitative)
Procedure
As you describe the procedures you will include:
Information about materials used for data collection.
Information about the location where data collection takes place
Information about the time required for data collection

15. Information about the instruments used to collect data.
Instruments used vary widely and can include audio and video
recording equipment, pen and paper, interventions, observation
journals, member-checking documents and so on, depending on
the requirements indicated in the research question.
Information about the order of steps taken to obtain data.
Information about how data will be recorded and transferred
into a transcript or documents, audio or video, ready for
analysis.
When using an interview guide or observation check sheet that
is also included.
Analysis
Analysis describes strategies for analyzing the narratives
offered by participants. Once the data has been transcribed into
a format for interpretation, typically “words on the page”, and
then it can be interpreted. Analysis uses strategies that interpret
meaning components from words, phrases and narratives into
interpreted conceptual descriptions across transcripts.Ethical
Considerations
The APA Code of Ethics that apply to your study and research
design should be addressed, including both APA standard and
principles.
CHAPTER 4. EXPECTED FINDINGS/RESULTS
For the expected findings/results, use the literature reviewed in
Chapter 2 To anticipate findings that are likely to result from
the collection and interpretation of data. Note: that some results
that are not expected are possible and should be addressed in
this chapter.
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION
Implications
Implications of the potential results are discussed, implications

16. for wide range of potential stakeholders is addressed,
significance to the scientific community and the potential to
address the research problem is discussed, limitations of the
study are addressed, and suggestions for future research are
offered.
Methodological Strengths and Weaknesses
Suggestions for Future Research
The suggestions for future research should close the gap on the
methodological limitations.
References
List references using APA format (APA, 2010, p.169).
Running head: ABBREVIATED TITLE OF YOUR PAPER 1
ABBREVIATED TITLE OF YOUR PAPER 13Full Title of

17. Your PaperLearner’s Full Name (no credentials)Capella
UniversityAbstract
Leave this blank until Chapter 4.
It is necessary to complete the abstract after the entire project
has been developed. The abstract contains an abbreviated
overview of the entire project. This overview will reference the
following elements of the project:
The Research Question_________________________________
The Research Problem:
_____________________________________
The Significance of the Study:
_______________________________
Theory or theories that apply to the concepts associated with the
RQ: ________________
A Narrative describing the quantitative approach planned,
implications for stakeholders, significance to the scientific
community, and a description of expected results. The abstract
is one concise paragraph.
Keywords: [Add keywords here.]
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Problem 1
Statement of the Problem 1
Purpose of the Study 1
Significance of the Study 1
Research Questions 1
Definition of Terms 1
Research Design 1
Summary 1
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………….1
Theoretical Orientation for the Study 1
Review of the Literature 1
Synthesis of the Research Findings 1
Critique of Previous Research Methods 1
Summary 1

18. CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY. 1
Purpose of the Study 1
Research Question and Hypotheses 1
Research Design 1
Target Population and Sample 1
Procedures 1
Ethical Considerations 1
CHAPTER 4. EXPECTED FINDINGS/RESULTS 1
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION 1
Implications 1
Methodological Strengths and Weaknesses 1
Suggestions for Future Research 1
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
[Note, the Final draft of Chapter 1 is typically written after the
entire project has been completed and just prior to the Abstract.
It is completed in assignment 4 and includes a description of the
research problem and an explanation that describes how the
research problem led to the current research question. In the
introduction you will summarize briefly what is known so far
about the phenomena under investigation; describe what needs
to be known in order to advance the knowledge base; address
briefly the major themes identified in the literature review;
summarize the design approach, identify whether it is
qualitative or quantitative; summarize briefly the expected
results; summarize implications for the research community;
and apply ethical principles and standards of psychology to the
research proposal. The introduction section is added before the
Background of the Study. It is important to understand that the
project is iterative. You will work on, change and refine all
elements of the project. In your initial submission, begin to
provide an evidence-based rationale for each of the sections
listed below.]
Background of the Study
What do we know so far about the area of the literature that you

19. reviewed?
What do you think we need to know to advance the knowledge
base?
How will this new knowledge serve the stakeholders (scientists,
care providers, families, patients, institutions) that may in turn
be served by implementation of new developments?
Statement of the Problem
Identify the gap in research or the need for additional research
in your area.
Purpose of the Study
Why does the problem deserve new research?
Are you resolving inconsistency in previous research?
Extending the reach of a theory? Solving a social problem?
Significance of the Study
Describe the significance of the proposed investigation by
explaining how the results promise to advance the scientific
knowledge base. In three sentences or more, explain how this
inquiry is original.
Research Question
Articulate whether the research question is a qualitative or a
quantitative question and provide a rationale. For quantitative
research questions, include your hypothesis or hypotheses.
Definition of Terms
For a quantitative study, the definition of terms should relate to
how the variables will be quantified.
Research Design
Discuss the method and how the question will be answered. Be
sure to make mention of the relevant APA Code of Ethics, but
not how you intend to address them. How you will address the
codes and ensure they are adhered to will be covered in Chapter
3.
Summary
Add a brief summary

20. CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Note, this is typically the entry point for beginning the project.
It is important to understand that the project is iterative. You
will work on, change and refine all elements of the project. You
will begin by understanding and synthesizing what is known so
far in the Literature Review, (Chapter 2). Theoretical
Orientation for the Study
The Literature Review provides detailed information about
theory that applies to the research topic, theory that applies to
the research method, population(s) studied and key concepts
under review. Seminal and current sources are analyzed and
evaluated thematically. The research problem is identified.
Review of the Literature
It is essential that the literature review be organized with
reference to themes identified in articles that you have read. It
is not acceptable to organize the literature review article by
article or one article at a time. You need to include 5 or more
current research articles for your literature review and review
the research design, the research question, the research
hypothesis, the sample demographics, the methodology and
what instruments were given and how, the data collection and
process, the data analysis procedures and the findings, the best
practices and guidelines related to diversity and ethical issues.
This is not an annotated bibliography. Synthesis of the Research
Findings
Synthesize the research reviewed in the review of the literature
section. Critique of Previous Research Methods
Critique the research reviewed in the review of the literature
section.
Summary
Add a brief summary
CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY
Purpose of the Study
The introductory paragraph addresses the research problem or

21. proposes to fill the gap in the literature. It includes the purpose
of the proposed research and presents formally the Research
Question. The purpose is to answer the research question. State
your Research Question in the form of a question in the
introductory paragraph for Chapter 3. As you prepare this
section of this chapter review the characteristics of Quantitative
Research Questions:
1. Quantitative research questions point to empirical methods
that will test the hypothesis or hypotheses associated with the
question.
2. Quantitative research questions have independent and
dependent variables.
3. Quantitative research questions measure relationships or
correlations and/or manipulate natural phenomena through
experimentation.
4. Quantitative data are presented in numerical categories or
quantities.
5. Quantitative research questions do not interpret socially
constructed themes, narratives and observations.
Research Question and Hypotheses
Conclude the introductory paragraph to Chapter 3, by writing
out the Research Question and hypotheses. Identify the
independent and dependent variables associated with your
Research Question.
Research Design
Target Population and Sample
As you describe the target population you will include:
Information about the number of participants (include a Power
Analysis).
Information about inclusion and exclusion criteria; that is you
will describe how you decide who can participate in the study
and provide data and who cannot.
Information about the planned recruitment strategy.
Information about the sampling design and randomization
strategies.
Procedures

22. As you describe the procedures you will include:
Information about how the participants will be identified and
contacted.
Information about materials used for data collection.
Information about the instruments used to collect data.
Information about the location where data collection takes
place.
Information about the time required for data collection.
Information about the order of steps taken to obtain data.
Describe how the data will be statistically analyzed (Analysis).
Describes strategies for analyzing and interpreting numerical
data. Analyses of data is the section of the paper where
strategies that support the interpretation of numerical
information about the data collected. Typically, statistical
methods are used to interpret components of natural phenomena
that represent natural phenomena. The analysis section of the
methods presents and addresses evidence of validity, reliability,
and generalizability discovered in the process of interpreting
the data.
Note, Chapter 3, Methodology is typically written after the
literature review. It is important to understand that the project
is iterative. You will work on, change and refine all elements of
the project.
Ethical Considerations
The APA Code of Ethics that apply to your study and research
design should be addressed, including both APA standard and
principles.
CHAPTER 4. EXPECTED FINDINGS/RESULTS
For the expected findings/results, use the literature reviewed in
Chapter 2 To anticipate findings that are likely to result from
the collection and interpretation of data. Note: that some results
that are not expected are possible and should be addressed in

23. this chapter.
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION
Implications
Implications of the potential results are discussed, implications
for wide range of potential stakeholders is addressed,
significance to the scientific community and the potential to
address the research problem is discussed, limitations of the
study are addressed, and suggestions for future research are
offered.
Methodological Strengths and Weaknesses
Suggestions for Future Research
The suggestions for future research should close the gap on the
methodological limitations.
References
List references using APA format (APA, 2010, p.169).