This document provides an overview of satellites and satellite communication. It discusses the types of satellites including geostationary, medium earth orbit, and low earth orbit satellites. The document describes the different types of orbits that satellites follow, including geostationary orbit, medium earth orbit, and low earth orbit. It also discusses satellite communication concepts such as uplinks, downlinks, earth stations, communication frequency bands, direct-to-home services, and very small aperture terminals. The document seeks to explain the basic concepts and components of satellite systems and satellite-based communication networks.

1. PRESENTED BY:
Omkar Shejule ( 178105)
In-plant training duration : 23/05/19 to 19/06/19
GUIDED BY:
R.M ingle

2.  What is term satellite
 Types of satellite
 Orbits and its type
 Satellite communication
 Earth station antenna
 Communication bands
 Direct to home
 VSAT

3. Satellite is a body which revolves
around other body
In three words satellite is micro
wave link repeater
What is satellite

4.  There are three types of satellite
1. Geostationary earth orbit satellite
2. Medium earth orbit satellite
3. Low earth orbit satellite

5.  Orbit is the path which satellite follows in its
rotation there are three types of orbits
1. Geostationary orbit
2. Medium earth orbit
3. Low earth orbit

6.  Altitude : 36,000 km
 Fixed antenna positions, no adjusting
necessary
 Easy for earth stations to track satellite
 Good for broadcast coverage
 Used for TV broadcasting

7.  Altitude : 5000-12,000 km
 Revolution time : 6 hours
 Diameter coverage : 10,000 – 15,000 km
 These orbits are reserved for communication
satellites that covers north and south poles.
 Generally inclined orbit
 MEO are placed in Elliptical Orbit.
 EX : Global positioning system (GPS)

8.  Altitude : 500 – 1500 km
 Revolution time : 90 min – 3 hours
 Characteristics
 o Reduce transmission delay
 o Stronger signal can be received
 o More satellites necessary for global coverage
 o More complex systems due to moving
satellites
 o Shorter life span

9. Uplink : Earth station sends signal
to the satellite in GHz range.
• Downlink : satellite retransmit the
signal back to the earth.

10. Earth station
Earth Station is a uplink center from which the signals
are
fed to Satellite for distribution in a specified area
covered
by the Satellite.
The signal is up-linked from the earth station and
received by many down link centers in TV broad casting.
It is a very important part of satellite communication
system for broadcasting of signals.

11.  Frequency Band Downlink Uplink
 C- 3.7-4.2 GHz 5.92-6.42 GHz
 Ku -11.7-12.2 GHz 14.0-14.5 GHz
 Ka- 17.7-21.2 GHz 27.5-31.0 GHz

12. DTH stands for Direct-To-Home
The Direct-To-Home (DTH) service is a digital
satellite service that provides television
services direct to subscriber.
DTH provide the need for the local cable
operator and puts the broadcaster directly in
touch
with consumer.

13.  What is VSAT?
• The term Very Small Aperture Terminal
(VSAT) refers to a small fixed earth station.
VSATs provide the vital communication
link required to set up a satellite based
communication network. VSATs can
support any communication requirement
be it voice, data, or video conferencing

14. The antenna noise due to energy
- Unwanted radiation sources (stars – galaxies -
…etc).
• Atmosphere behaves as a resistive medium
- Supplies noise power to the antenna.
•Meteors
- Have to be programmed to avoid any rock or any
harmful thing.
- Rules of orbits.
• Expensive
- only for governments or large organizations.

15. Thank you