2. The Challenges after independence
• The first and the immediate challenge was to
shape a nation that was united , yet
accommodative of the diversity in our society.
• The second challenge was to establish
democracy
• Splitting of India to create Pakistan, a new
country for muslims
3. Contribution of Sardar Patel in unifying
the nation
• After independence there were nearly 562
princely states in India and to join them was a
very difficult task.
• Sardar Patel effectively integrated those
princely states with his diplomatic skills.
• Sardar Patel accomplish the huge work of
merging India without shedding any single
drop of blood.
6. Partition of India
• India consisted of not one but two ‘people’
,Hindus and Muslims.
• ‘India’ and ‘Pakistan’. Such a division was not only
very painful, but also very difficult to decide and
to implement
• It was decided to follow the principle of religious
majorities . This basically means that areas where
the Muslims were in majority would make up the
territory of Pakistan. The rest was to stay with
India.
8. Problems of Indo-Pak partition
• Loss of life of people who were forced to
travel the border
• Refugees in both India and Pakistan
• Loss of fertile land to Pakistan in regions of
Punjab
• Breaking of riots in many places near the
borders
