Fermentation media must provide all nutrients needed for cell growth and metabolite production, including a carbon source, nitrogen source, minerals, vitamins and other factors. Industrial media uses low-cost raw materials that are uniform, available and can be easily disposed of. The media composition is designed based on the microorganism's nutritional requirements and the process objectives such as producing cell biomass or a specific product.
3. Must provide all nutrients
For cell biomass
Metabolite production
4. C + Energy +N2 + O2 + Other req
Biomass + Product + CO2 +H2O +Heat
An ideal medium composition is developed from the
equation based on the stoichiometry for growth and
product formation.
7. Media for Industrial Fermentation
LABORATORY MEDIUM
Expensive
Contains high purity carbohydrates
(Monosaccharide's), protein source (peptone, meat
extracts), vitamins and other growth factors.
INDUSTRIAL MEDIUM
Low cost
Contains raw carbohydrates (disaccharides
and polysaccharides), protein source (soybean
waste), vitamins and natural minerals
8.
9.
10. CRITERIA FOR THE CHOICE OF RAW MATERIALS USED IN INDUSTRIAL
MEDIA
UNIFORMITY
IN QUALITY
COST
ADEQUATE
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
AVAILABILITY
EASE OF
DISPOSAL OF
WASTES
11. Substrates used for media design for
fermentation
Carbon
Water
Energy
source
Nitrogen
source
Special
growth
factors
Mineral
salts
ļ“ Nutrients should be formulated to promote the synthesis of the
target product, either cell biomass or a specific metabolite.
18. ā¢ Supplements to growth
medium
ā¢ Synthesised from basic
elements
Vitamins
ā¢ Cobalt, iron, Manganese
Minerals
19. Substances added prior to or simultaneously with the fermentation
which are incorporated without any major change into the
fermentation product
and
generally serve to increase the yield or improve the quality of the
product
Precursors
Increase the yield or improve the quality of the
20. Chelators
Are added to form
complexes with
metal ions which are
gradually utilized by
microorganisms.
EDTA, Citric acid,
Phosphates
21. Foam may block air
filters
Antifoams
ļ¶Foaming occurs due to media proteins that
become attached to the air-broth interface
where they denature to form a stable foam
āskinā that is not easily disrupted
Alteration of pH,
temperature,
aeration and agitation
MODIFICATIONS
22. Inhibitors
ā¢ Used to redirect metabolism towards
the target product
Cell
permeability
modifiers
ā¢ Increase cell permeability by modifying cell walls
and/or membranes
Inducers
ā¢ Must be incorporated into the culture medium