Alcohol types & deritives

2. Presented to:
Dr. Shabbir Ahmed
Presenting by:
Masooma Abbas
Sumera Batool
Topic : Carbonyl Compounds (Alcohols)

3. Road map :
• Introduction
• Types of alcohols
• Structure
• Sources
• Functions

4. Carbonyl compounds:
• Comprised of aldehydes and ketones
• Aldehydes formed by
• Amino acid deamination or
transamination
• Strecker degradation
• Microbial activity during fermentation
• Fatty acid oxidation

5. Ketones are derived from
• Lipid oxidation
• Citrate metabolism
• Glucose metabolism

6. Alcohols
• Alcohols have the general
formula R-OH
• R represents an alkyl or aryl
group

7. Types of
Alcohol
Primary
alcohol
Secondary
alcohol
Tertiary alcohol

8. Primary alcohols
• alcohols where the carbon bearing the
hydroxyl group is bonded to only one
carbon atom.
• General formula is R-CH2OH
• Example. Methanol , ethanol

9. Sources of primary alcohols:
• Fermentation of sugar by
yeast
• Oxidation of aldehydes
• Hydrogenation of
aldehydes and ketones
using sodium borohydride
reducing agent

10. Functions of primary alcohols:

11. Secondary
Alcohol
• Alcohols where hydroxyl bearing
carbon hydroxyl group is bonded to
two other carbon atoms.
• General formula R1-R2-CHOH
• Such as isopropanol

12. Structure

13. Sources
• Oxidation of primary alcohols
• Reduction of ketones using reducing agent like lithium aluminum
hydride
• Industrial synthesis process for specific secondary alcohols

14. Functions of secondary alcohols

15. Tertiary
Alcohol
• A tertiary alcohol is a compound in
which a hydroxy group ‒OH is
attached to a saturated carbon atom
which has three other carbon atoms
attached to it.
• General formula R3COH

16. Structure

17. Sources
• Reacting a Grignard reagent with a ketone generates tertiary alcohol.
• 2-Methyl-2-butanol is a natural product found in Carica papaya

18. Functions
• 2-Methyl-2-butanol
• As a solvent in organic synthesis
• Frothing agent (ore flotation)
• Surfactant (petroleum recovery)
• Stabilizing agent
• Processing aids

19. • 2-Methyl-2-propanol
• Used as a fuel additive for engines (to prevent icing of the carburetor)
• as an antiknock agent.

20. REFRENCES
1-Baan R, Straif K, Grosse Y, et al. Carcinogenicity of alcoholic
beverages. Lancet Oncology. 2007;8(4):292–293. [PubMed] [Google
Scholar]
2-Erian, A. W.; Sherif, S. M.; Gaber, H. M. The Chemistry of α-
Haloketones and Their Utility in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Molecules
2003, 8, 793– 865, DOI: 10.3390/81100793 [Crossref], [CAS], Google
Scholar