2. Network Protocols
• A network protocol defines rules and
conventions for communication between
network devices. Protocols for computer
networking all generally use packet switching
techniques to send and receive messages in the
form of packets.
3. Network Protocols
• IP (Internet Protocol)
• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
• UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
• FTP (FILE Transfer Protocol)
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
• AppleTalk
• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
5. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
TCP is a set of rules (protocol) used along with
the IP to send data in the form of message units
between computers over the Internet. TCP enables
two hosts to establish a connection and exchange
streams of data.
6. FTP (FILE Transfer Protocol):
FTP allows transfer of files between two computers
on the Internet.
7. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTP is the set of rules for transferring files (text,
graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia
files) on the web. As soon as a web user opens a web
browser, the user is indirectly making use of HTTP.
8. Intranet
Intranet is the generic term for a collection of
private computer networks within an organization.
An intranet uses network technologies as a tool to
facilitate communication between people or
workgroups to improve the data sharing capability
and overall knowledge base of an organization’s
employees.
9.
10. Extranet
• An extranet is a private network that uses
Internet technology and the public
telecommunication system to securely share part
of a business’s information or operations with
suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other
businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of
a company’s intranet that is extended to users
outside the company.
19. WWW (World Wide Web)
• The World Wide Web consists of an
interconnected system of sites, servers, all over
the world. It is a huge collection of pages. All of
them are interconnected with each other. These
pages can contain text, pictures, films, sound,
and much more information. Using the web is a
bit like flipping through a huge book that has
been written by millions of authors. The World
Wide Web is also called WWW or the web.
20. WWW (World Wide Web)
• Sometimes people use the words the Internet
and World Wide Web synonymously but they
are different. The WWW is a component of the
Internet that presents information in a graphical
interface. Internet users can think of the WWW
as the graphical version of the Internet.
Dial-up is an analog connection because data are sent over an analog, public telephone network. The modem converts received analog data to digital and vice versa. Because dial-up access uses normal telephone lines, the quality of the connection is not always good and data rates are limited.
DSL is also called an always-on connection because it uses an existing two-wire copper telephone line connected to the premises and will not tie up the phone line as a dial-up connection does. There is no need to dial-in to an ISP because DSL is always on.
IRC provides a way of communicating in real time with people from all over the world.
Cloud computing consists of hardware, software and document resources made available on the Internet as managed third-party services.
Internet telephony converts analog voice signals into digital signals, transmits them, and then converts them back again.
Newsgroups and message boards are forums in which people post messages and share information with other people interested in the same topics. These forums can be quite small (e.g., a single class) or huge (including participants from all over the entire world).
Social media include the various online technology tools that enable people to communicate easily via the Internet to share information and resources. Social media can include text, audio, video, images, podcasts, and other multimedia communications.
