soil orders, there can be no life without soil and no soil without life,they hve evolved together.

1. Welcome
Seema prajapat

2. Soil
classifi-
cation

4. Differentiating
characteristics
and
description:
Order - 12
Suborder - 63
Great group - 240
approximately
Subgroup - 1000+
Family -
Series - 500+ established
in india .

8. Entisols:
Concept-recent soils with no
diagnostic horizon other than an
orchric or anthropic epipedon.
 ent , formative element in name of
order, nonsense syllabus.

9. Vertisols

10. Vertisols
SOILS with swell- shrink type
clays,having 30%or more clay up to
50cm depth or to lithic/paralithic
contact,deep cracks when dry,at 50
Cm and have slickenide.
Ert, L.verto,turn.

11. Inceptisols

12. Inceptisols
Ept, L. Inceptum, beginning.
Soils that have no
sodic,argilic,matrix,toxic,petrocalcic,
plinthite,but have an altered or
iambic B.horizon, or an umbric,
mollic, or plaggen horizon.

13. Aridisols

14. Aridisols
Id, L. Aridus, dry (arid).
Dry soils that have orchid or
anthropic epipedon,and either have
a salic Or a calcic,gypsic,cambic,
petrocalcic, or a duripan,or have an
argillic/natric horizon and an acidic
soil moisture regime and an
epipedon that is not Hard and
massive,when dry.

15. Mollisols

16. Mollisols
Oll, L.mollis,soft Moilify.
Dark –coloured base rich(>50%) soils
of grassland vegetation with a mollic
epipedon that is not Hard and
massive when dry.

17. Spodosols

18. Spodosols
Od, Gr. Spodos, wood ash, podzol.
Soils that have spodic horizon within
2 m but have no plaggen epipedon
or an argillic or a kandic horizon
above the spodic horizon.

19. Alfisols

20. Alfisols
alf, pedalfer, nonsense syllabus.
High base status (>35%) soils of the
humid and subhumid regions with
an orchric epipedon and an
argillic/matrix or a kandic horizon.

21. Ultisols

22. Ultisols
ult, L.ultimus, last ,ultimate.
Low base Saturation soils that have
an argillic or kandic horizon But with
base Saturation (At pH 8.2)of <35%
at 2.0 m depth below the surface.

23. Oxisols

24. Oxisols
ox , F. Oxide ,oxide
Highly weathered soils with an oxic
horizon within 1.5m,but have no
kandic horizon, or contain _>40%
clay in the surface 18 Cm and have a
kandic horizon within 100cm of the
surface overlying the toxic horizon.

25. Histosols

26. Histosols
ist, Gr. Histos, tissue.
Soils that have >30%organic matter
to a depth of 40cm.

27. Andisols

28. Andisols
and, jap and black ando.
Soils that have andic soil properties
in 60% or more of the thickness
between the soil surface and 60cm
or lithic or paralithic Contact.

29. Gelisols

30. Gelisols
el . Gr . Gel, frost churning.
The soils with permafrost
(temperature below 0°c ) within 1 m
of the soil surface ,cryoturbation.

31. Thank
you