Introduction to Acids and Bases

1. ACIDS
BASES
TONY COLOMA SCIENCE 7
AND

2. OBJECTIVES
 Describe the physical and chemical properties of acids and
bases?
 Determine the uses of acids and bases in real life
 Use pH scale to measure the acid/base level of a material

3. How tell which is an acid
and which is a base?

4. pH Scale
 pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a
solution is. (pondus hydrogenii )
 The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
 Acidic solutions have pH values below 7
 A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic.
 A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral.
 Pure water has a pH of 7.
 Basic solutions have pH values above 7.

6. Where do we
find Acids
and Bases?

7. But first…
what is an
acid?
• An acid is a
solution that
has an excess of
Hydrogen (H+
ions).
• The more H+
ions, the more
acidic the
solution.

8. Substances that
donate hydrogen
ions, H+, to form
hydronium ions,
H3O+, when
dissolved in water

9. PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
1. Tastes Sour
2. Conducts Electricity
3. Corrosive

10. PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
4. Some acids react strongly with
metals.
5. Turns blue litmus paper red
6. Neutralizes base

11. WEAK
ACIDS
STRONG
ACIDS

12. WEAK ACIDS STRONG ACIDS
 Ionize and conduct
electricity well
 pH is very low (0-3)
 Releases all H+ ions to
the solution
 Do not ionize
completely
 pH is (4-6)
 Do not releases all H+
ions

13. USES OF ACIDS
Acetic Acid
Citric Acid
Ascorbic acid
Production of fertilizers,
steel, paints, and
plastics
 Production of
chlorides, and dye
Explosives
Car batteries
Sodas
Flavorings

14. WHAT
ARE
BASES?

15. A base…
1. Is substances that form hydroxide
ions (OH-) ions when in water

16. A base…
2. is also called an Alkali
3. accept H+ ions

17. Feel Slippery
Taste Bitter
Corrosive
Can conduct electricity
Do not react with metals.
Turns red litmus paper blue
PROPERTIES OF A BASE

18. WEAK BASES STRONG BASES
 do not completely
ionize
 Ionize almost
completely
 Conduct electricity well

20. DID YOU HEAR
ANYTHING ABOUT
SALTS?

21. A salt is a neutral substance produced
from the reaction of an acid and a base.
Composed of the negative ion of an acid
and the positive ion of a base.
One of the products of a Neutralization
Reaction
Examples: KCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4

22. Neutralization
Reaction

23. A neutralization
reaction is the
reaction of an acid
with a base to
produce salt and
water.
H2SO4 + NaOH  NaHSO4 + H2O