An overview of Industry 4.0 and its relationship with the emerging terminology of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) including a summary of the defining categories of an IIoT system: Connectivity, Cloud, Big Data Analytics and Application Develop, illustrating depth & complexity in producing an end to end platform at an enterprise level.
Further comparison made between the platform considerations of an IIOT and IOT system, plus info. on the diversity of Wireless standards.
2. Overview 2
Background:
• Industry 4.0 – IIoT Overview
• IoT vs IIoT – Diversity of Wireless Standards
• Industry 4.0 – RTLS IIoT Platform
Case Studies:
• RTLS IIoT – Asset Tracking
• RTLS IIoT – Machine Monitoring
3. RTLS Industry 4.0 – IIoT Overview 3
• Not new technology, not a new business discipline, just a new approach to
achieving results not possible in the previous decade
• IoT and cyber physical systems (sensors) collecting data
• Big data and powerful analytics generating insights from huge sets of data
quickly
• Secure communications infrastructure to deliver the data
• The “Smart Factory”, evolution in supply chain and production line, self-
optimisation, self configuration of complex tasks
• Concept: increasing productivity / efficiencies and better quality goods or
services
4. RTLS Industry 4.0 – IIoT Overview 4
• An Industrial Internet of Things Platform- Huge Diversity
• Connectivity, Cloud, Big Data Analytics and Application Development
Connectivity
• Network Infrastructure – Wired, Wireless and Cellular
• Standards – Huge scope
• Machine 2 Machine Data Acquisition
• Device Management
• Complex Event Processing
• Alarms, Condition Based Monitoring
• Data Transport and Speed
• Security Considerations
Source: http://blog.lnsresearch.com/what-is-the-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-platform
5. RTLS Industry 4.0 – IIoT Overview 5
• An Industrial Internet of Things Platform- Huge Diversity
• Connectivity, Cloud, Big Data Analytics and Application Development
Cloud
• Private/Public/Hybrid
• Infrastructure as a Service - Compute, Storage, Network
• Platform as a Service - Run Time, Queue, Hadoop/ Data
Lake
• Software as a Service – Traditional Enterprise
Applications, Next Gen IoT Enabled Applications
• Security Considerations
Source: http://blog.lnsresearch.com/what-is-the-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-platform
6. RTLS Industry 4.0 – IIoT Overview 6
• An Industrial Internet of Things Platform- Huge Diversity
• Connectivity, Cloud, Big Data Analytics and Application Development
Big Data Analytics
• Statistical Programming: R, SAS, SPSS
• Search: Text Mining, Data Exploration
• Analytics: Image / Video, Time Series, Geospatial,
Predictive Modelling, Machine Learning
• Statistical Process Control
• Optimisation and Simulation
• Metrics and KPIs
• Visualisation
Source: http://blog.lnsresearch.com/what-is-the-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-platform
7. RTLS Industry 4.0 – IIoT Overview 7
• An Industrial Internet of Things Platform- Huge Diversity
• Connectivity, Cloud, Big Data Analytics and Application Development
Application Development
• Integrated Development Environment: Java, HTML5
• IIoT Data Model and Execution Engine
• Workflow and Business Logic Modeller
• Collaboration, Social Media
• Mobile Interface
• Search Requirements
• Security Considerations
Source: http://blog.lnsresearch.com/what-is-the-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-platform
8. RTLS Industry 4.0 – IIoT Overview 8
• IIoT versus IoT general platform considerations
Attribute
Market Opportunity
Product Lifecycle
Solution Integration
Security
Human Interaction
Availability
Access to Internet
Response to Failure
Physical Connectivity
Interaction Style
Industrial IoT (IIoT)
Existing Systems
Until dead or obsolete
Heterogeneous APIs
Access control
Autonomous
4-5 ‘9’s
Intermittent to independent
Resilient, fail in place
Legacy & purpose-built
Event Driven, Publishing -
Subscription
Industrial IoT (IIoT)
New, Constantly evolving
Fashions and / or budgets
Vertically Integrated
Identity & Privacy
Reactive to Use
2-3 ‘9’s
Persistent to interrupted
Retry, replace failures
Constantly evolving
broadband & wireless
Request / Response
Source: http://www.moorinsightsstrategy.com/research-paper-connecting-with-the-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-2/
9. RTLS IIoT vs IoT – Diversity of Wireless Standards 9
• Standard is dependent on problem and solution – No one size fits all
• Huge range of overlapping, competing standards for data transmission
• Constant development of standards – Enabling the IIoT / IoT
• Licensed and unlicensed bands
• Capacity
• Quality of Service
• Range
• Reliability
• Battery life
• Security
• Cost
• Proprietary vs Standard
Standard defining parameters include:
10. RTLS IIoT vs IoT – Diversity of Wireless Standards 10
Standard defining parameters include:
• Capacity
• How much data does your device send?
• What is the frequency of data, random or set frequency.
• How many devices will be connected to each hub / gateway or direct?
• Overlapping networks, channels and frequency band considerations
• Power considerations based on range
• Quality of Service
• Time after triggering event that data is received
• Collisions, number of attempts, latency
• Acknowledgements
• Network availability, static or roaming
• Uplink and uplink and downlink only.
11. RTLS IIoT vs IoT – Diversity of Wireless Standards 10
Standard defining parameters include:
• Range
• Generally the most high desirable factor, more range is “better”
• Range is dictated by a multiplicity of factors, different for each standard, environment,
power levels (battery life) however still limited by physics and operating standards
(ETSI, FCC etc)
• Static objects different from roaming objects “where are you”
• Less critical with the higher availability of end points
• Reliability
Long term hardware performance (reference designs)
Standard is signed off by public bodies
Updates possible
Future proofing for changing standards / overlaps in networks
12. RTLS IIoT vs IoT – Diversity of Wireless Standards 10
Standard defining parameters include:
• Battery Life
• Battery vs powered devices – completely different operating conditions
• Battery power – Idle, reception and transmission, duty cycles etc depends on
standards, ranges, data throughput.
• What hardware is required (sensors), power levels, ranges, temperatures
• Rechargeable or primary cell
• Security
• Authentication of transmitting object to end point through a known authenticated
network
• End to end data encryption
• Prevention of replay attacks, always contains new variable data
• Many trade offs on power consumption, QoS etc.
13. RTLS IIoT vs IoT – Diversity of Wireless Standards 10
Standard defining parameters include:
• Cost
• Problem / Solution dictated, not practical if sensor (or standard) cannot deliver to
price point.
• QoS dictates multiple factors
• Fixed cost or ongoing data charges for infrastructure
• Proprietary vs Standard
• Closed proprietary standard: can be fully optimised for a bespoke solution, but end to
end platform required.
• Open standard: network coverage across all adopters (interoperability), multiple
component level support, performance understanding, costs etc.
• Public scrutiny of standard
14. RTLS IIoT vs IoT – Diversity of Wireless Standards 14
• A non exhaustive overview
IoT (Home) Existing:
NFC / Contactless (13.54Mhz)
Z-Wave sub 1GHz
Bluetooth / Zigbee / WiFi
(b/g/n/ac) 2.5GHz – 5GHz
Cellular 2G – 4G
IoT (Home) Future:
Thread (Zigbee future) 2.5GHz
WiFi (802.11ah) sub 1GHz
Standard IoT Routeer / Gateway?
IIoT Existing:
Passive RFID 13.54Mhz – 868MHz
Zigbee / WiFi (b/g/n/ac) 2.5GHz –
5GHz
Proprietary sub 1GHz – 2.5GHz
Cellular 2G – 4G
IIoT Future:
Long range sub 1GHz systems
LPWAN LoRA, Weightless, Neul,
SiGFOX
Licensed:
Cellular IoT NB-IoT, Cat – M1 etc
Source: https://www.ericsson.com/research-blog/internet-of-things/cellular-iot-alphabet-soup/
15. Industry 4.0 - RTLS IIoT Platform 15
• A real world example of an IIoT platform
• Based on 3rd party SoC multi-frequency transceiver (433, 868
& 915MHz)
• Patented proprietary 16 byte on-air protocol
• Optimised standard to deliver max range 400m, typical 100m
• Enough to beat environmental factors and determine a
location
• Multiple physical layout configurations depending on solution
• Basic temperature sensor + Accelerometer
• Extended operational temperature range (chilled / frozen)
• TX rate depends on motion
• Battery life to meet solution requirements
• Used as a wireless system with other external sensor systems
Proprietary Sub 1GHz ISM band wireless system
16. Industry 4.0 - RTLS IIoT Platform 16
• A real world example of an IIoT platform
Proprietary Sub 1GHz ISM band wireless system
• Multiple fixed infrastructure gateway, WiFi
/ Ethernet / Cellular
• Android Application with BLE to
868MHz “range booster”
17. Industry 4.0 - RTLS IIoT Platform 17
• A real world example of an IIoT platform
Proprietary Sub 1GHz ISM band wireless system
• Full size circular polarised antenna
• Gateway with local processing / routing / NAT
• 3G cellular modem
• Wi-Fi hotspot
• GPS
• Battery guard for battery saving of vehicle
• Bespoke enclosures and IP ratings
• 12V / 24V donor battery compatible
18. RTLS IIoT – Asset Tracking Case Study 18
• Track and Trace Asset locating system: Asset loss, Quantity optimisation, Logistic
Optimisation. “Where am I?”, Basic Sensor Data
• Pallet, Stillage, Roll Cage, Tote Box scale assets, multiple use model
• Business case sets Standard defining parameters from previous slides, multiple
interoperable decision points, basic overview.
• Capacity: Number of assets, number of assets in view of an endpoint, update rate
• QoS: Roaming assets, Data non critical, Delay between event and TX, not constant
reception.
• Range: Overcome environmental obstacles, “Where Am I?”, Roaming asset, Not
constant reception
• Reliability: Must last contract length and meet environmental conditions
• Battery life: Must last contract length, meet environmental conditions, object size
• Security: No interoperable reading, no transmitted data “human readable”
• Cost: Based on business case, generally lower than asset cost (depends on
contents)
• Proprietary was selected an internally developed in order to meet all criteria
19. RTLS IIoT – Asset Tracking Case Study 19
• Asset tracking tag is fitted to
existing assets or is embedded at
manufacture
• The design varies dependent on
the asset to be tracked,
dimensions etc.
• Id details of the asset are
associated with the unique ID of
the Asset tracking tag
20. RTLS IIoT – Asset Tracking Case Study 20
• Reader coverage reads all assets on the vehicle
during delivery
• When out of range the last GPS is associated with
the asset
• Motion sensor allows easy recognition of moving
assets in range of the vehicle
• When a vehicle enters
a unknown location,
all assets on site can
be detected, GPS
position updated.
• In client locations
coverage is provided
by gateway readers
21. RTLS IIoT – Asset Tracking Case Study 21
• Reporting systems are critical to the platform, in general the client is technology agnostic
• Only criteria is “works as specified”
• Output of data, Presentation of data, User Interface are generally only things the client sees of
the platform
Where are my assets?
22. RTLS IIoT – Asset Tracking Case Study 2
• Presentation of the data is to the right audience is key.
Where are my assets?
23. RTLS IIoT – Machine Monitoring Case Study 23
• Brownfield machine telemetry system: Uptime, Downtime, System telemetry,
Performance, Retro Fitted with wireless sensors, Basic interfacing
• Different HVAC sensors, rotation, pulse counts married to wireless system
• Business case sets Standard defining parameters from previous slides, multiple
interoperable decision points, basic overview.
• Capacity: Number of assets, number of assets in view of an endpoint, update rate
• QoS: Static assets, Data telematics – No control, Minimum delay between event
and TX, constant reception.
• Range: Overcome environmental obstacles, deliver QoS
• Reliability: Must last contract length and meet environmental conditions
• Battery life: Powered system, meet environmental conditions, object size
• Security: No interoperable reading, no transmitted data “human readable”
• Cost: Based on business case, generally lower than asset cost (depends on
contents)
• Proprietary was selected and internally developed in order to meet all criteria
24. RTLS IIoT – Asset Tracking Case Study 24
• Wireless Sensor retro fitted to existing machine, 3D print ABS collar on shaft
• Simple sensors, hall effect to determine rotation speed / distance
• Digital switch to detect Start / stop
• Telematics only, no control
• Update frequency 1 second
25. RTLS IIoT – Asset Tracking Case Study 24
• Wireless Sensor retro fitted to existing machine, 3D print ABS collar on shaft
• Simple sensors, hall effect to determine rotation speed / distance
• Digital switch to detect Start / stop
• Telematics only, no control
• Update frequency 1 second
26. RTLS IIoT – Asset Tracking Case Study 24
• Wireless gateway collects telematics, sends to cloud via Ethernet
• Thin client monitor displays KPIs and other reporting through web solution or
app
27. Real Time Logistical Solutions
contact details
Dr. Paul Delooze, Chief Technology Officer
paul.delooze@rtlsgroup.com
m: +44 (0) 7930 896073
Peter Milton, Managing Director
peter.milton@rtlsgroup.com
m: +44 (0) 7860 478075
