Watershed Condition Frameworks by Angela Coleman

Watershed Condition
         Frameworks




A framework to assess watersheds and identify and
      prioritize watershed scale restorations on the
                            Tongass National Forest
 Gather existing information on Watershed
  Condition (scientific and local)
 What are our gaps? Social Factors &
  Local Concerns?
 Develop watershed assessments to
  identify projects that will reach our
  desired future condition
 Complete project monitoring & adaptive
  management

What are Prince of Wales
watershed needs??
Watershed condition is the state of the
physical and biological characteristics and
processes within a watershed that affect
hydrologic and soil functions effecting
aquatic ecosystems. Watershed condition
reflects a range of variability from natural
pristine (functioning properly) to degraded
(severely altered state or impaired).




Watershed Condition
 Terrestrial, riparian, aquatic ecosystems
  that capture, store, and release water,
  sediment, wood, and nutrients within their
  natural range of variability for these
  processes
 Create and sustain functional terrestrial,
  riparian, aquatic and wetland habitats
  that are capable of supporting diverse
  populations of native aquatic and riparian-
  dependent species

Watersheds that are
functioning properly have:
Watersheds that are
functioning properly:
   Provide for high biotic integrity, which includes
    habitats that support adaptive animal and plant
    communities that reflect natural processes.
   Are resilient and recover rapidly from natural and
    human disturbances.
   Exhibit a high degree of connectivity
    longitudinally along the stream, laterally across
    the floodplain and valley bottom, and vertically
    between surface and subsurface flows.
   Provide important ecosystem services, such as
    high-water quality, the recharge of streams and
    aquifers, the maintenance of riparian
    communities, and the moderation of climate
    variability change.
   Maintain long-term soil productivity
Watershed Condition Frameworks by Angela Coleman
   National Watershed Condition Classification
   Landscape Assessments
   Watershed Analyses (Stream Surveys, Tier
    II, III, IV) and Proper Functioning Condition
    Assessments
   Watershed Restoration Plans
   Project Recommendations, Prescriptions,
    designs and Cost Estimates
   NEPA & Implementation
   Monitoring
Types of Assessments
Resources the FS has
generated on POW:
Watershed Condition Classification

   Class 1 watersheds exhibit high geomorphic,
    hydrologic, and biotic integrity relative to
    their natural potential condition.
   Class 2 watersheds exhibit moderate
    geomorphic, hydrologic, and biotic integrity
    relative to their natural potential condition.
   Class 3 watersheds exhibit low geomorphic,
    hydrologic and biotic integrity relative to their
    natural potential condition.
 Class 1 = Functioning Properly
 Class 2 = Functioning at Risk
 Class 3 = Impaired Function




Watershed Condition Classification
   The Tongass has a number of Watersheds,
    that are ―at risk‖ for maintaining
    ecological function and aquatic resource
    values and productivity

   Watershed health issues mostly revolve
    around riparian forest condition, road
    related risks and impacts, and instream
    habitat condition and risk of decline in
    productivity.



Priority Watershed Program
   National direction continues to stress
    maintain watersheds that have important
    ecological values. Tongass has an
    abundance of watersheds in this category.
    We can produce a good return on restoration
    and improvement investments.

   We are building on strong support from
    numerous partner organizations -- TNC, TU,
    SCS— who are helping to leverage
    substantial grant funding for watershed,
    riparian and aquatic habitat improvement
    projects.


Priority Watershed Program
Priority
Watershed
Program
Priority
Watershed
Program
Priority
Watershed
Program
 Documents/
  Research
 Models
 Assessments/
  Aquatic
  Inventory



Existing Information
Identify gaps and local
concerns????
Develop watershed assessments
to identify projects that will reach
our desired future condition
   (1) maintaining long-term watershed
    health,
   (2) determining baseline aquatic
    resource
   conditions,
   (3) evaluating aquatic resource
    condition trends,
   (4) interpreting resource responses to
    natural and
   human disturbance, and
   (5) assigning achievable desired future
    conditions
Aquatic Assessment/ Inventory
Uses
More Aquatic Inventory
Uses



•   1.   Asses riparian habitat conditions
•   2.   Assess populations
•   3.   Support design of in-stream structures
•   4.   Monitor effects
•   5.   Watershed restoration planning
Types of Assessments
• Tier I - classification level
• Tier II - quantitative measures of core habitat
attributes summed by reach
• Tier III - replication of physical measurements,
additional habitat attributes summed by habitat
unit, habitat units to meso level
• Tier IV - systematic replication of physical
habitat
measures, addition attributes summed by habitat
units, habitat units to micro level

Fish and Aquatic Stream Inventory
Hierarchy
Watershed Condition Frameworks by Angela Coleman
Watershed Condition Frameworks by Angela Coleman
 Tier I – Minimum field verification
  standards for timber sale project planning
 Tier I/II – Upstream Assessment of Fish
  Habitat
 Tier II/III – Watershed condition and
  needs
assessment
 Tier IV - Channel condition assessment



Aquatic Inventory Applications
   Width to Depth Ratio
   Total Large Wood per Kilometer
   Total Key Large Wood per Kilomter
   Pools per Kilometer
   Pool Space
   Residual Pool Depth/ Channel Bedwidth
   Substrate Size
   Pool Length per Meter
   Pool Size


Habitat Management Objectives
Watershed Condition Frameworks by Angela Coleman
Complete project monitoring &
adaptive management
Resources

•    Staney Creek Vegetative Management Strategy
    Staney IRMP Proposal for Action
    Staney Creek Restoration Environmental Assessment
    Staney Creek Restoration EA Decision Document
    Staney Creek Watershed Restoration Plan
    Alaback - Opportunities for Restoring Second Growth
    Ecosystems
    Brinkman - Trends of Deer and Hunters on Prince of Wales
    Island
    Unit 2 Wildlife Harvest Data
    Young Growth Management Strategy for Unit 2
    Framework for Setting Restoration Priorities on POW
    Alaback - Evaluation of canopy gaps for wildlife in SE
    Alaska
    Ellanna and Sherrod - Timber Management and Fish and
    Wildlife use in Klawock (1987)
    Brock and Coiley-Kenner - Traditional Knowledge about
    the Fisheries of Southeast Alaska (2009)
    Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program
    Proposal (5/14/10)
    Impacts of restoration on sustainable timber harvest levels
    (Brackley).
    Tradeoffs among ecosystem services benefits (Nicholls)
    Integrating ecosystem Services and forest restoration
    (Deal/Patterson)
    Heating options suing biomass removals from Staney
    young growth (Nicholls).
    Social benefits of restoration projects (Kruger).
    Staney Community Forestry Project FINAL: REPORT




Resources
 http://www.fs.fed.us/publications/watersh
  ed/
 http://conserveonline.org/workspaces/sta
  ney-creek/
 http://conserveonline.org/workspaces/sta
  ney-creek/documents/documents-and-
  papers/view.html
 The Forest Service 




Resources
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Watershed Condition Frameworks by Angela Coleman

  • 1. Watershed Condition Frameworks A framework to assess watersheds and identify and prioritize watershed scale restorations on the Tongass National Forest
  • 2.  Gather existing information on Watershed Condition (scientific and local)  What are our gaps? Social Factors & Local Concerns?  Develop watershed assessments to identify projects that will reach our desired future condition  Complete project monitoring & adaptive management What are Prince of Wales watershed needs??
  • 3. Watershed condition is the state of the physical and biological characteristics and processes within a watershed that affect hydrologic and soil functions effecting aquatic ecosystems. Watershed condition reflects a range of variability from natural pristine (functioning properly) to degraded (severely altered state or impaired). Watershed Condition
  • 4.  Terrestrial, riparian, aquatic ecosystems that capture, store, and release water, sediment, wood, and nutrients within their natural range of variability for these processes  Create and sustain functional terrestrial, riparian, aquatic and wetland habitats that are capable of supporting diverse populations of native aquatic and riparian- dependent species Watersheds that are functioning properly have:
  • 5. Watersheds that are functioning properly:  Provide for high biotic integrity, which includes habitats that support adaptive animal and plant communities that reflect natural processes.  Are resilient and recover rapidly from natural and human disturbances.  Exhibit a high degree of connectivity longitudinally along the stream, laterally across the floodplain and valley bottom, and vertically between surface and subsurface flows.  Provide important ecosystem services, such as high-water quality, the recharge of streams and aquifers, the maintenance of riparian communities, and the moderation of climate variability change.  Maintain long-term soil productivity
  • 7. National Watershed Condition Classification  Landscape Assessments  Watershed Analyses (Stream Surveys, Tier II, III, IV) and Proper Functioning Condition Assessments  Watershed Restoration Plans  Project Recommendations, Prescriptions, designs and Cost Estimates  NEPA & Implementation  Monitoring Types of Assessments Resources the FS has generated on POW:
  • 8. Watershed Condition Classification  Class 1 watersheds exhibit high geomorphic, hydrologic, and biotic integrity relative to their natural potential condition.  Class 2 watersheds exhibit moderate geomorphic, hydrologic, and biotic integrity relative to their natural potential condition.  Class 3 watersheds exhibit low geomorphic, hydrologic and biotic integrity relative to their natural potential condition.
  • 9.  Class 1 = Functioning Properly  Class 2 = Functioning at Risk  Class 3 = Impaired Function Watershed Condition Classification
  • 10. The Tongass has a number of Watersheds, that are ―at risk‖ for maintaining ecological function and aquatic resource values and productivity  Watershed health issues mostly revolve around riparian forest condition, road related risks and impacts, and instream habitat condition and risk of decline in productivity. Priority Watershed Program
  • 11. National direction continues to stress maintain watersheds that have important ecological values. Tongass has an abundance of watersheds in this category. We can produce a good return on restoration and improvement investments.  We are building on strong support from numerous partner organizations -- TNC, TU, SCS— who are helping to leverage substantial grant funding for watershed, riparian and aquatic habitat improvement projects. Priority Watershed Program
  • 15.  Documents/ Research  Models  Assessments/ Aquatic Inventory Existing Information
  • 16. Identify gaps and local concerns????
  • 17. Develop watershed assessments to identify projects that will reach our desired future condition
  • 18. (1) maintaining long-term watershed health,  (2) determining baseline aquatic resource  conditions,  (3) evaluating aquatic resource condition trends,  (4) interpreting resource responses to natural and  human disturbance, and  (5) assigning achievable desired future conditions Aquatic Assessment/ Inventory Uses
  • 19. More Aquatic Inventory Uses • 1. Asses riparian habitat conditions • 2. Assess populations • 3. Support design of in-stream structures • 4. Monitor effects • 5. Watershed restoration planning
  • 21. • Tier I - classification level • Tier II - quantitative measures of core habitat attributes summed by reach • Tier III - replication of physical measurements, additional habitat attributes summed by habitat unit, habitat units to meso level • Tier IV - systematic replication of physical habitat measures, addition attributes summed by habitat units, habitat units to micro level Fish and Aquatic Stream Inventory Hierarchy
  • 24.  Tier I – Minimum field verification standards for timber sale project planning  Tier I/II – Upstream Assessment of Fish Habitat  Tier II/III – Watershed condition and needs assessment  Tier IV - Channel condition assessment Aquatic Inventory Applications
  • 25. Width to Depth Ratio  Total Large Wood per Kilometer  Total Key Large Wood per Kilomter  Pools per Kilometer  Pool Space  Residual Pool Depth/ Channel Bedwidth  Substrate Size  Pool Length per Meter  Pool Size Habitat Management Objectives
  • 27. Complete project monitoring & adaptive management
  • 28. Resources • Staney Creek Vegetative Management Strategy  Staney IRMP Proposal for Action  Staney Creek Restoration Environmental Assessment  Staney Creek Restoration EA Decision Document  Staney Creek Watershed Restoration Plan  Alaback - Opportunities for Restoring Second Growth Ecosystems  Brinkman - Trends of Deer and Hunters on Prince of Wales Island  Unit 2 Wildlife Harvest Data  Young Growth Management Strategy for Unit 2  Framework for Setting Restoration Priorities on POW  Alaback - Evaluation of canopy gaps for wildlife in SE Alaska
  • 29. Ellanna and Sherrod - Timber Management and Fish and Wildlife use in Klawock (1987)  Brock and Coiley-Kenner - Traditional Knowledge about the Fisheries of Southeast Alaska (2009)  Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program Proposal (5/14/10)  Impacts of restoration on sustainable timber harvest levels (Brackley).  Tradeoffs among ecosystem services benefits (Nicholls)  Integrating ecosystem Services and forest restoration (Deal/Patterson)  Heating options suing biomass removals from Staney young growth (Nicholls).  Social benefits of restoration projects (Kruger).  Staney Community Forestry Project FINAL: REPORT Resources
  • 30.  http://www.fs.fed.us/publications/watersh ed/  http://conserveonline.org/workspaces/sta ney-creek/  http://conserveonline.org/workspaces/sta ney-creek/documents/documents-and- papers/view.html  The Forest Service  Resources