Huff dv domestic_violence (copied)

Nicole Huff August 2007Nicole Huff August 2007 11
Domestic ViolenceDomestic Violence
Muhammad Saud KharalMuhammad Saud Kharal
PhD in Social Science,PhD in Social Science,
Department of Sociology Faculty of SocialDepartment of Sociology Faculty of Social
and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga,and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga,
Surabaya IndonesiaSurabaya Indonesia

AgendaAgenda
• Introductions & objectivesIntroductions & objectives
• History of spousal violenceHistory of spousal violence
• What does the research say?What does the research say?
• Domestic violenceDomestic violence
• Domestic violence and childrenDomestic violence and children
• Domestic violence and child welfareDomestic violence and child welfare

HistoryHistory
*SafeNetwork: California’s Domestic Violence Resource*SafeNetwork: California’s Domestic Violence Resource
• 753 B.C.-The Laws of Chastisement753 B.C.-The Laws of Chastisement
• 1500’s-Lord Hale and the marital rape1500’s-Lord Hale and the marital rape
exemptionexemption
• ““Rule of Thumb”Rule of Thumb”
• 1804-Napaleonic Code1804-Napaleonic Code
• 1800’s America1800’s America
• 1919-191919-19thth
AmendmentAmendment

History cont.History cont.
• 1920’s-Psychoanalysis1920’s-Psychoanalysis
• 1960’s-Practice of non-arrest1960’s-Practice of non-arrest
• 1970’s-Beginning of the Battered1970’s-Beginning of the Battered
Women’s MovementWomen’s Movement
• Late 1970’s-Lawsuits against lawLate 1970’s-Lawsuits against law
enforcementenforcement

History cont.History cont.
• 1984-Battered Women’s Syndrome1984-Battered Women’s Syndrome
• 1994-Violence Against Women Act1994-Violence Against Women Act
• 1990’s-Status of marital rape exemption1990’s-Status of marital rape exemption
Where are we today?Where are we today?

PrevalencePrevalence
*Center for Disease Control, Injury Center*Center for Disease Control, Injury Center
*A note about data collection*A note about data collection
• Nearly 5.3 million incidents against womenNearly 5.3 million incidents against women
and 3.2 million against men a yearand 3.2 million against men a year
• 1.5 million women and 800,000 men raped1.5 million women and 800,000 men raped
and/or physically assaultedand/or physically assaulted
• 2 million injuries and 1,300 deaths2 million injuries and 1,300 deaths
• 85% of victims are women85% of victims are women

RisksRisks
• Battered womenBattered women
– six times greater risk for drug abusesix times greater risk for drug abuse
– fifteen times greater risk for alcohol abuse.fifteen times greater risk for alcohol abuse.
• Women who abuse drugs/alcohol are moreWomen who abuse drugs/alcohol are more
likely to become victims of domestic violencelikely to become victims of domestic violence
(Miller et al., 1989)(Miller et al., 1989)
• (25%) to (50%) of men who commit violent(25%) to (50%) of men who commit violent
acts of DV also have substance abuseacts of DV also have substance abuse
problemsproblems

Higher Risks for Women:Higher Risks for Women:
• Partners experienced periodicPartners experienced periodic
unemploymentunemployment
• Partners did not graduate high schoolPartners did not graduate high school
• Assault by a former partner than herAssault by a former partner than her
current partnercurrent partner

No Higher Risk AssociationNo Higher Risk Association
• Race and ethnicity of menRace and ethnicity of men
• Race, ethnicity, age, or educationRace, ethnicity, age, or education
of womenof women
*Caveat*Caveat

Cycle of ViolenceCycle of Violence
Tension BuildingTension Building
Honeymoon Explosive

Types of AbuseTypes of Abuse
• FinancialFinancial
• EmotionalEmotional

Types, contTypes, cont
• SexualSexual
• PhysicalPhysical

Traits of BatterersTraits of Batterers
• Emotional dependenceEmotional dependence
• Rigid gender and role expectationsRigid gender and role expectations
• Violate personal boundariesViolate personal boundaries
• Controlling behaviorsControlling behaviors
• JealousyJealousy
• Rigid religious or cultural beliefsRigid religious or cultural beliefs

Batterers, cont.Batterers, cont.
• HypersensitivityHypersensitivity
• Difficulty expressing and/or identifyingDifficulty expressing and/or identifying
feelingsfeelings
• Dr. Jekyll & Mr. HydeDr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde
• Externalize blameExternalize blame
• CrueltyCruelty
• History of using violence to solveHistory of using violence to solve
problemsproblems

Responses/Effects re: VictimsResponses/Effects re: Victims
• Stress disordersStress disorders
• Low self-esteemLow self-esteem
• Social isolationSocial isolation
• Feeling hopeless and powerlessFeeling hopeless and powerless
• Fear/TerrorFear/Terror
• Self-blameSelf-blame
• AnxietyAnxiety

Victims, cont.Victims, cont.
• Hyper-vigilanceHyper-vigilance
• DissociationDissociation
• Denial/MinimizationDenial/Minimization
• Wishful thinkingWishful thinking
• ShameShame
• AngerAnger
• Engaging in high-risk behaviorsEngaging in high-risk behaviors

Why does she stay?Why does she stay?

Assessing LethalityAssessing Lethality
• Victim’s reportVictim’s report
• Use of and/or access to weaponsUse of and/or access to weapons
• Threats of homicide and/or suicideThreats of homicide and/or suicide
• Substance abuseSubstance abuse
• Extreme jealousy or obsessionExtreme jealousy or obsession
• Abuse that involves severe violenceAbuse that involves severe violence
• Recent separation/ChangeRecent separation/Change

Cultural ConsiderationsCultural Considerations
• Children of color are over-representedChildren of color are over-represented
in all “systems”in all “systems”
• Definitions may be differentDefinitions may be different
• Mistrust of mainstream systemsMistrust of mainstream systems
• LanguageLanguage
• Previous negative experiences withPrevious negative experiences with
authoritiesauthorities

What are the risks if she tells?What are the risks if she tells?
What are the risks if she doesn’tWhat are the risks if she doesn’t
tell?tell?

Undocumented/Recent ImmigrantUndocumented/Recent Immigrant
• Fear of deportationFear of deportation
• Further isolationFurther isolation
• LanguageLanguage
• Taboos in discussing the family withTaboos in discussing the family with
strangersstrangers
• Shame/dishonorShame/dishonor
*VAWA*VAWA

Gay, Lesbian, TransgenderGay, Lesbian, Transgender
• Threats to “out” partnersThreats to “out” partners
• Seen as mutual (“cat fight”)Seen as mutual (“cat fight”)
• Reluctance to bring even moreReluctance to bring even more
negative attention to communitynegative attention to community
• No legal process for separationNo legal process for separation

Male victimsMale victims
• Contrary to societal expectationsContrary to societal expectations
• Extreme shameExtreme shame
• Discrimination in “systems”Discrimination in “systems”
responsesresponses
*Be aware of reactive violence and self defense*Be aware of reactive violence and self defense

TeensTeens
• Societal messages about violenceSocietal messages about violence
• Development/Age issuesDevelopment/Age issues
• BoundariesBoundaries
• PressurePressure
• Jealousy & possessivenessJealousy & possessiveness
• Exposure to DVExposure to DV

ElderlyElderly
• Traditional responses don’t appeal orTraditional responses don’t appeal or
meet needsmeet needs
• Generation moresGeneration mores
• ““Domestic violence grown old”Domestic violence grown old”
• New relationshipNew relationship
• Late onsetLate onset

DisabledDisabled
• Limitations in communications abilityLimitations in communications ability
• Dependent on abuserDependent on abuser
• Low self esteem/view of self as “damaged”Low self esteem/view of self as “damaged”
• Physically incapablePhysically incapable
• Loss of caretakerLoss of caretaker

Children and the NumbersChildren and the Numbers
• Between 3.3 and 10 million childrenBetween 3.3 and 10 million children
exposed every yearexposed every year
• Slightly more than half of victims of intimateSlightly more than half of victims of intimate
violence have children in the homeviolence have children in the home
• 79% of violent children witnessed DV79% of violent children witnessed DV

DV & ChildrenDV & Children
• 80% of child abuse cases are associated80% of child abuse cases are associated
with the use of alcohol and other drugswith the use of alcohol and other drugs
• 43% of child fatalities occur in families where43% of child fatalities occur in families where
the mother was abusedthe mother was abused

DV & ChildrenDV & Children
• Daughters of batterers are 6.5 times more likely toDaughters of batterers are 6.5 times more likely to
be victims of incestbe victims of incest
• 45-70% of cases of domestic violence where there45-70% of cases of domestic violence where there
are children, the children are also abusedare children, the children are also abused
• Child abuse by those mothers who have beenChild abuse by those mothers who have been
beaten is at least double that of mothers whosebeaten is at least double that of mothers whose
husbands did not assault themhusbands did not assault them
• 50% of men who batter their partners also batter50% of men who batter their partners also batter
their childrentheir children

DV & Child WelfareDV & Child Welfare
• Domestic violence is a significant problem forDomestic violence is a significant problem for
30%-40% of families in the Child Welfare30%-40% of families in the Child Welfare
systemsystem
• Santa Clara County statistics show 40-80% ofSanta Clara County statistics show 40-80% of
cases involved “overlap”cases involved “overlap”
– 40% had DV issues within the last year40% had DV issues within the last year
– 80% had DV issues from one or both parties80% had DV issues from one or both parties
sometime in their historysometime in their history

Effects on childrenEffects on children
• Of Children who witness their motherOf Children who witness their mother
being abused:being abused:
• 40% suffer anxiety40% suffer anxiety
• 48% suffer depression48% suffer depression
• 53% act out with their parents53% act out with their parents
• 60% act out with their siblings60% act out with their siblings

Effects, cont.Effects, cont.
• Normalize violenceNormalize violence
• Poor impulse controlPoor impulse control
• Sleep disturbancesSleep disturbances
• InjuryInjury
• WithdrawnWithdrawn
• Delinquent/negative behaviorsDelinquent/negative behaviors
• AggressionAggression

AssessmentAssessment
• Interview separatelyInterview separately
• Patterns in language and behaviorPatterns in language and behavior
• Always ask the questions, no matter whatAlways ask the questions, no matter what
the initial allegation isthe initial allegation is
• Behaviors not buzzwordsBehaviors not buzzwords
• SAFETYSAFETY

Assessment cont.Assessment cont.
• Assess protective capacitiesAssess protective capacities
• Hold each adult accountable toHold each adult accountable to theirtheir
ownown abusive behaviorsabusive behaviors
• Collateral sourcesCollateral sources

Presence of domesticPresence of domestic
violence alone is not childviolence alone is not child
abuseabuse

Interview QuestionsInterview Questions
• Interviewing the childInterviewing the child
• Interviewing the known/potential victimInterviewing the known/potential victim
• Interviewing the known/potential battererInterviewing the known/potential batterer

Social Worker’s Role with ChildrenSocial Worker’s Role with Children
• Assess and assure their safetyAssess and assure their safety
• Reassure them that they are notReassure them that they are not
responsible for the violenceresponsible for the violence
• Reassure them it is okay to talk aboutReassure them it is okay to talk about
the violencethe violence
• Discuss safety with them asDiscuss safety with them as
appropriateappropriate

Social Worker’s Role with VictimSocial Worker’s Role with Victim
• Reassure her she is not responsibleReassure her she is not responsible
for the violence occurring or stoppingfor the violence occurring or stopping
• Understand her ambivalenceUnderstand her ambivalence
• Determine protective capacitiesDetermine protective capacities
• Assist in safety planningAssist in safety planning
• Refer her to appropriate servicesRefer her to appropriate services

Social Worker’s Role with BattererSocial Worker’s Role with Batterer
• Hold him responsible for his choosing toHold him responsible for his choosing to
be violent and controllingbe violent and controlling
• Work with law enforcement to hold himWork with law enforcement to hold him
accountableaccountable
• Assess whether he is taking responsibilityAssess whether he is taking responsibility
for his behaviorfor his behavior
• Look for strengthsLook for strengths
• Make appropriate referralsMake appropriate referrals

Batterers’ TacticsBatterers’ Tactics
• Presenting himself as the victimPresenting himself as the victim
• Statements of remorse and guilt, but noStatements of remorse and guilt, but no
actionsactions
• Focusing on victim’s faults/AllegationsFocusing on victim’s faults/Allegations
• Denying & minimizingDenying & minimizing
• Victim blamingVictim blaming
• Blaming substance abuseBlaming substance abuse

Can child stay safely with non-Can child stay safely with non-
offending parent?offending parent?
• Protective capacitiesProtective capacities
• Safe locationSafe location
• Acknowledge risk to childrenAcknowledge risk to children
• Level of violence-not escalatingLevel of violence-not escalating
• Other issues don’t pose a threatOther issues don’t pose a threat
• Support, services, communitySupport, services, community

Low Risk FactorsLow Risk Factors
• Children show minimal damageChildren show minimal damage
• Batterer is out of home or cooperating withBatterer is out of home or cooperating with
restraining ordersrestraining orders
• Batterer takesBatterer takes responsibilityresponsibility for actionsfor actions
• Victim acknowledges risk and has protectiveVictim acknowledges risk and has protective
capacitiescapacities
• Family has positive supportsFamily has positive supports
• No other risk issuesNo other risk issues
• Minimal/No CPS historyMinimal/No CPS history

Restraining/Protective OrdersRestraining/Protective Orders
• Emergency Protective Orders (EPRO)Emergency Protective Orders (EPRO)
• Temporary Restraining Orders (TRO)Temporary Restraining Orders (TRO)
• Permanent Restraining OrdersPermanent Restraining Orders
• No Contact OrdersNo Contact Orders
• Peaceful Contact OrdersPeaceful Contact Orders
*CPS cannot require restraining orders!*CPS cannot require restraining orders!

High Risk FactorsHigh Risk Factors
• Continued violence despite previousContinued violence despite previous
interventionintervention
• Other types of abuse are presentOther types of abuse are present
• Child exhibits concerning behavioral and/orChild exhibits concerning behavioral and/or
emotional effects and/or is having issuesemotional effects and/or is having issues
functioningfunctioning
• Child is used as weapon in abuse, isChild is used as weapon in abuse, is
intervening, is held during incidents, has beenintervening, is held during incidents, has been
injuredinjured

High Risk cont.High Risk cont.
• Other risk factors impacting safety areOther risk factors impacting safety are
presentpresent
– Substance abuseSubstance abuse
– Mental healthMental health
– Child abuseChild abuse
• LethalityLethality
• Victim does not acknowledge riskVictim does not acknowledge risk

Service ProvisionService Provision
• Separate services-even if the coupleSeparate services-even if the couple
remains intactremains intact
• Team Decision Making/FamilyTeam Decision Making/Family
ConferencesConferences
• AdvocatesAdvocates
• Safety Plans (victims)Safety Plans (victims)
• Action Plans (batterers)Action Plans (batterers)

Services cont.Services cont.
• Batterer’s InterventionBatterer’s Intervention
• VisitationVisitation
• Other services (not substitutes)Other services (not substitutes)
– Substance abuse servicesSubstance abuse services
– Mental health servicesMental health services
– Psychotropic medicationPsychotropic medication

Services cont.Services cont.
• Victim servicesVictim services
– Closed therapeutic groupClosed therapeutic group
– Open attendanceOpen attendance
– MandatedMandated
• Inappropriate servicesInappropriate services
– Anger managementAnger management
– Couple’s counselingCouple’s counseling

Who are our partners?Who are our partners?
• Law enforcementLaw enforcement
• Victim servicesVictim services
• Batterer servicesBatterer services
• Probation/ParoleProbation/Parole
• JudiciaryJudiciary
• Mental health/Substance abuseMental health/Substance abuse

5050
Desired OutcomesDesired Outcomes
• Safety for victims and childrenSafety for victims and children
• Break down victim isolation and provideBreak down victim isolation and provide
supportsupport
• Help victim understandHelp victim understand
• Provide victim appropriate servicesProvide victim appropriate services
• Assist in batterer receiving servicesAssist in batterer receiving services

Huff dv domestic_violence (copied)

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Huff dv domestic_violence (copied)

Similar to Huff dv domestic_violence (copied) (20)

More from Muhammad Saud PhD

More from Muhammad Saud PhD (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Huff dv domestic_violence (copied)

Editor's Notes