1. Understanding the film and TV INdustries
Ownership and FUnding (P1, M1, D1)
define the following models of ownership
public service
commercial
independant company
global conglomorate
horizontal / vertical integration
monopoly
Is broadcasting which is intended for the public and will benefit rather than for purely commercial
concerns.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_broadcasting_in_the_United_Kingdom on the 27 October
2013 at 16:41
Is advertising in TV and radio such as paid announcements over the television to sell a product, item or
service.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial on the 20 March 2013 at 21:37.
An independent company is one that is not incorporated in any regiments, such as the BBC they are an
independent company they are not required to have any adverts that are not related to the shows that are
shown on the BBC channels.
Global conglomerate is a company that owns large numbers of companies in various mass media such as
television, radio, publishing, movies, and the Internet
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_conglomerate on the 1 November 2013 at 04:55
Horizontal Integration is where an organisation develops by buying up competitors in the same section of
the market e.g. one music publisher buys out other smaller music publishers. Commercial institutions try to
combat the power of the BBC by becoming larger and creating vertical integration
http://media.edusites.co.uk/article/vertical-horizontal-integration/
is a company that has complete control over their area. some people say is unfair because they have the
right to do what every they want when some stations cant.

2. explore two case studies which demonstrate two contrasting
ownerShip models
case study 1:
case study 2:
BBC:
The BBC was founded on the 18th of October 1922 by two people John Reith and George Villers.
The way that the BBC makes money is by a Royal Charter which is a licence and a agreement from the
home secretary. It only works within the UK its work is funded by the an annual TV licence fee which is
charged to all British Households, companies and organizations that are using any types of equipment to
receive live TV broadcasting. For anyone outside the UK the BBC world service has provided services by
direct broadcasting and re-transmission contracts by sound radio since the inauguration of the BBC empire
service on the 19th of December 1932, also more recently by TV and online.
unlike the BBC they have a government from the collection of licence fees the ITV studios gets its funds
from advertising and sponsorship. ITV refers public service network of British commercial television
broadcasters, set up under the Independent Television Authority the ITA to provide competition to the
BBC.

3. discuss how funding is generated through the following revenues
licence fee
sponsorship
subscription
pay per view
advertising
product placement
development funds
sponsorship funds TV stations such as Channel 4 are sponsored by people such as Fosters, phone for you
and so on.
Subscription a system by which television programmes are transmitted in scrambled form, unintelligible
except to those who have paid for descrambling equipment
Pay-per-view provides a service by which a television audience can purchase events to view via private
telecast. The broadcaster shows the event at the same time to everyone ordering it.
Advertising something can make a lot of money for the studio who are playing the advert during their add
breaks. The studio charges a certain amount of money for the advert to be played on the channel.
Is when manufactures products are promoted in a TV show, this brings money because every appearance
the product makes, a percentage of the profit goes to the channel that promoted the product.
provides equity investment to film and television productions shooting anywhere. it is also an investments
for the production.
it is funded by paying a yearly fee which is paid for by a household member in the UK.

4. define the following working patterns
over the following pages identify 5 different jobs within the
creative media sector and create A PROFLE OF EACH JOB.
shift work
freelance
fixed term
JOB ROLES AND CONTRACTS (P2, M2, D3)
A fixed term is a fixed contract between the employee and the employer, for the employee to be on a fixed
contract the if the following apply’sto them
They have an employment contract with the organization they work for; their contract ends on a particular
date, or on completion of a specific task, e.g. a project
However employees don’tcount as fixed-term employees if
They have a contract with an agency rather than the company they’reworking for, they’rea student or
trainee on a work-experience placement, they’reworking under a contract of apprenticeship or they’rea
member of the armed forces
Also they may be a fixed term employee if they’re
a seasonal or casual employee taken on for up to 6 months during a peak period, a specialist employee for
a project or covering for maternity leave
Is an employment practice designed to make use of or provide service across all hours of the day, every
day of the week. It is a practice that divides the day into shifts which are set periods of the day, when a
group of people take their posts. The term shift work is both long-term, night shifts and work schedules in
which employees can change the shifts.
Freelance is a person who sells services to employers without a long term commitment. it is also someone
who works for themselves and looks for their own work.

5. job: TV Dirctor
A TV director is
The duties of a TV director are different depending if the production is live or recorded such as film, video
tape, digital video and video server.
In both types of production the director is responsible for supervising the placement of the cameras,
lighting equipment, microphones and any of the props that are required for the production. Within the
dramatic arts production, the director has a similar role to a film director as they are giving cues to the
actors, presenters, camera crew so that the placement and movement is correct.
Responsibilities
Other than calling out commands quickly, the TV director is also expected to maintain order among the
staff in the control room, on the set and elsewhere that is needed.
A news studio may have more than one camera and fewer movements needed. Within a sports broadcast,
the director might have 20 o 30 cameras at one time to look after and will have to constantly tell the
camera operators what to do and how to focus on.
The average pay for a TV director can change depending on the age and amount of experience of the
director. However the average pay is £55,150 a year. The day rates for the director is £325 and the annual
pay can change depending on the age of the director.

6. job: studio manager
A studio manager is a various media-related , in including design, advertising and broadcasting:
A studio manager can work and responsibility changed o fit their job description for Design and
advertising or TV and radio
Design and advertising
The studio manager for design and advertising responsibilities will usually include traffic management,
they do this by ensuring that all the briefs are despatched in the studio according to a designer’sskills and
strengths, and to ensure that all work is delivered promptly and to deadline the relevant people.
The following are also a design or advertising studio manager’sresponsibilities;
Workload dispatch, Compiling studio schedules for senior management meetings, Compiling Road map
for projects, Constant update of Studio schedules, Project quality control and assessment, Project review
and analysis, Developing project Briefs, Consolidating client needs, Prompt time sheet collection,
Understanding of how deadlines work and so on.
A design studio manager should have excellent organization and communication skills also a good
motivate personality this is so they can motivate their team by showing good leadership skills. lastly they
should have a great understanding of how to both achieve and develop any project briefs to achieve their
clients needs and also a successful design.
TV and Radio
In a broadcasting context a studio manager or a SM should fulfill an operational role in radio broadcasting
to enable and also to ensure that the programmes are produced to a high technical standard
Primarily SMs are involved in the operation of studio equipment. This generally involves a mixing desk,
alongside ancillary equipment such as ISDN codecs, playback and recording devices and the telephone and
VOIP adapters.
the nature of a studio managers work will usually depend on the nature of their deployment, but their core
function is to ensure the program is correctly balanced. this is usually used for the speech programmes, this
means that each person who is speaking should be heard with the same level of loudness. This is also the
same for music so that the song can be heard correctly
A studio manager gets paid up to £40,000 on average a year, they dont have a day rate and also the annual
pay depends on the age of the person and also the amount of experience they have had.

7. job: sound supervisor
a sound supervisor also know as a sound editor is an audio professional who works in theater, TV or move
production. Many of their jobs take place before a film is complete and ready to be released. these tasks are
typically coordinated by the sound supervisor who manges the sound that the staff needed to complete for
the film project. Their responsibility include organizing and managing the way sound is handled in
post-production and in some cases the sound supervisor might also work on the set during shooting.
They need to be able to produce audio, manage people and coordinate scheduling. This job requires
knowledge and skill in the sound recording and also processing as well as management and origination
skills. Lastly a sound supervisor is responsible for making sure that the audio for a film is created, edited,
and processed correctly and efficiently.
A sound supervisor makes on average £54,438 a year per day it is £383, however the annual pay can vary
depending on the age and experience someone is or has.

8. job: production manager
A production manager also know as production director does many things such as;
monitoring and review programming to ensure that schedules are met, guidelines are heard to and
performances are of adequate quality. they also evaluate the new but also existing programming to assess
their suitability, so they can see if they need changes by using information such as audience surveys and
feedback.
A production manager also plans and schedules the programming and event coverage, based on the
broadcasting length, the time of availability and any other factors such as; community needs, the rating
data and viewer demographics. They also look at monitor network transmissions for advisories concerning
daily programing schedules, program content, special feeds or program changes. Lastly they look at the
direct and coordinate activities of personnel engaged in the broadcast for the news, sports or programing.
A production manager gets paid on average £38,507 a year, they also get up to £217 a day, however the
annual pay depends on how old they are and the amount of experience they have.

9. job: Camera operator
Camera operator or a cameraman or woman is a professional operator for a film or video camera. When
they are filmmaking they camera operator is called a cinematographer whereas the camera operator for a
video production is sometimes known as a television camera operator, a video camera operator or a
videographer. Depending on the context and the technology that is involved, that is usually operating on a
professional video camera.
The camera operator is responsible for physically operating the cameras and also maintaining composition
and the camera angles thought the given scene or shot.
Within narrative filmmaking, the camera operator will usually collaborate with the director, the director of
photography, the actors and also the crew this is to make all of the technical and creative decisions. In this
setting the camera operator is part of a film crew consisting of the director of photography and one or more
camera assistants.
on a average a camera operator get paid £36,113 a year and £315 a day, the annual pay vary depending on
the age and experience one person has.

10. WHAT RIGHTS ARE WORKERS ENTITLED TO? trade unions, HEALTH AND SAFETY, EQUAL OPS
RIGHTS, ETHICS AND LEGAL (P3, M3, D3)
In 1996 the government place on statue the following law Employment Right Act, this includes the
following rules and behaviors that should be put forwarded within the work place.
Employment particulars:
The right to statements of employment particulars such as; when and employee begins employment with
any employer, the employer should give the employee a written statement of particulars of employment.
This statement may be given in installments and shall be given not later than two moths after beginning the
job placement.
Right to itemized pay statement; itemized pay statement which is when an employee has the right to be
given by their employer at or before the time at which any payment of their wages or salary is made to the
employee, is when a written itemized pay statement is given to the employee
Enforcement; is where an employer does not give an employee a statement either because the employer
gives the employee no statement or because the statement he gives does not comply with what is required
which the employee may require a reference to be made to an employment tribunal to determine what
particulars should be included or referred to in a statement so that it complies with the requirements of the
section concerned
Which includes the right not to suffer unauthorized deductions; this means that the employer cannot give
any deductions of wages without any sort of notice.
Guarantee payments:
This include the right to guarantee payment, this means that every employee should be guaranteed by their
employer, this may be a certain amount within an number of weeks to see if the job is right for them. It
also means that the employee is guaranteed to having the minimum wage which is £6.80 each hour of work
that is completed.
This includes the right to time off for public duties such as if the employee is part off or a member or the
local authority, statutory tribunal or part of any police authority.
Any employee is also allowed a certainamount of time to allow them to go on maternity leave or paternity
leave which is both up to a year off work. They are also aloud time off to adopt a child this can be the same
amount of time off as maternity leave.
This incudes the right of employer and the employee to minimum notice, this time of notice is worked out
before the employee takes the job it can be from 1 week to 1 month of notice.
Every employee has a right to be apart of a trade union. A trade union is an organization of workers who
have banded together to achieve common goals such as protection of the integrity of its trade, achieving
higher pay, increasing the number of employees and employer hires and for better working conditions. The
trade union goes through its leadership to barging with the employer on behalf of the union members
(employees).
The health and safety at work act was statue in 1974 is the act that enforces that everyone that works at a
workplace knows where all the fire exists are, what to do incase of an emergency and for all employers to
have taken out a number of different rick assessments on everything that can cause someone to have bad
heath or are a danger to someone working for the company
equal opportunities
This means that everyone has the right and assess to the same opportunity no mater what colour, height,
disability and so forth to be able to complete their job with out being discriminated in any way.

11. IDENTIFY ANY EXAMPLES OF WHERE YOU CONSIDER THE CREATIVE MEDIA
INDUSTRIES TO HAVE BROKEN ETHICAL CODES
The mane example of where the creative media has broken ethical codes is when the phone hacking
scandal accorded. This is when the news paper The News Of The Worlds employees where found to have
hacked peoples phones such as celebritys, victims or crimes and royalty. The reason for why they had
done this was to get information on the people they where hacking so that they could wright storys that no
other paper would have.

12. WHAT ARE THE MAIN RESPOSIBILITIES AND ROLES OF THE FOLLOWING
THE BROADCASTING act
THE BBFC
ofcom
In television, the Act allowed for the creation of a fifth analogue terrestrial television channel in the UK,
which turned out to be Channel 5, and the growth of multichannel satellite television. It also stipulated that
the BBC, which had previously produced the vast majority of its television programming in-house, was
now obliged to source at least 25% of its output from independent production companies.
THE BBFC
The main role among others is to handle all media related enquiries as well as being responsible for all
publications and promotional activities. Its income comes exclusively from the fees it charges for its
services.
Its core focus is on setting direction for the organization, financial and administrative, decision-taking and
monitoring; its policy- making responsibilities are limited to just management policy only. It is also
responsible for ensuring top level read-across between the different groups within OFCOM, including
areas of overlap between the operations and policy areas. Lastly they receive regular management
information, including updates from each business area and considers issues of external presentation such
as public statements, policy or case handling media ad stakeholder events and internal communication.

13. WHAT HAVE BEEN THE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO THE TV INDUSTRY IN RECENT
YEARS?
INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS (P4, M4, D4)
TV Industry
The TV industry has changed due to the rise of more people connecting their TV sets to the Internet. The
older TV sets can now be connected by games consoles such as Xbox and PS3 and 4 and Blu-ray players.
The next generation of set-top boxes from a range of suppliers are now internet-enabled, and one in five
TVs sold in in thelast two years has Internet functionality. The rise in ownership of smartphones and
tablets and the development of all the apps have allowed users to access VOD services have led to
significant rises in levels of access to TV programs on these portable devices. Also there has been as rise in
viewing programs via TV and mobile devices has in part led to a decline I long form VOD consumption
via PCs and laptops.

14. WHAT HAVE BEEN THE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO THE FILM INDUSTRY IN RECENT
YEARS?
saw a dramatic increase and prominence in the use of 3D-technology in filmmaking and film releases after
the success of Avatar in the format, with releases such as Alice in Wonderland, Clash of the Titans,
Jackass 3D, all animated films and numerous other titles being released in 3D formats. other films where
now becoming blockbusters when they where re-released in 3D. Also the first film using 48 fps image
capture and projection, a higher frame rate than the film industry standard 24 fps, was The Hobbit: An
Unexpected Journey.