2. Dysmenorrhea
Also known as painful periods or menstrual
cramps.
Dysmenorrhea is a term describing painful
menstruation that typically involves cramps
caused by uterine contractions.
3. Dysmenorrhea is divided into two categories:
1. Primary dysmenorrhea
2. Secondary dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation with no
identifiable pelvic pathology.
Note: The highest level is in
the first 2 days of menses.
painful
menstruation due
to pelvic or uterine
pathology.
4. Causes:
caused by
increased
prostaglandin
production by the
endometrium in an
ovulatory cycle
which cause
contraction of the
uterus.
1. Primary dysmenorrhea
2. Secondary dysmenorrhea
1.Endometriosis: ectopic implantation of
the endometrial tissue in other parts of
the pelvic, it’s the most common cause
ofdysmenorrhea
2.Adenomiosis: ingrowth of the
endometriuminto the uterine
musculature.
3.Fibroids
4.Pelvic infection
5.Intrauterine device
6.Cervical stenosis
7.Congenital uterine or vaginalabnormalities