Presentation on Pistachio Nut

1. Pistachio
Nut
Submitted To:
Dr. Dilip Singh Kachwaya
Submitted By:
Sarbjit Singh
Roll No. 222877
M.Sc. Horticulture
(Fruit Science)

2. Taxonomy
Scientific Name : Pistacia Vera
Family : Anacardiaceae
Origin : Central Asia and Middle east
Chromosome Number : 2n=30
Type of fruit : Nut
Mode of Pollination : Cross Pollination

3. Introduction
• Pistachios are grown for edible
nuts.(elongated seed)
• Pistachio tree is a small to Medium sized.
• Pistachio production areas are Tamil, West
Bengal, Punjab.
• High production of Pistachio in India is grown
in Jammu and Kashmir.

4. Climate Required
• Weather conditions most important Factor in
growing pistachio crop.
• These nut trees prefer day temperatures above
36 °c and winter months cold enough to
complete their dormant period 7 °c .
• These trees don't grow well in high elevations
due to the cool temperatures.
• In India, Jammu & Kashmir is natural location
to grow pistachio nuts.

5. Soil
• Pistachio tress can be grown in wide range of
soils.
• They prefer well-drained deep sandy loam
soils.
• Pistachio trees will produce quality nuts with
high yields where soil pH 7.0 to 7.8.

6. Land Preparation
• When it comes to preparing the land in
pistachio cultivation, the process should be
similar to other nut crops.
• Soil should be ploughed and disked to obtain
the soil fine tilth stage.

7. Propagation
• Pistachio trees are usually propagated by
budding (chip budding) on to a suitable
pistachio rootstock.
• These rootstock (seedlings) can be raised in
nurseries.
• Usually, budding is carried out in fall with and
the budded trees are being planted the same
year or the following year depending on the
size of the rootstock (seedling).

8. Rootstocks
• Pistacia integerrrima
• Pistacia atlantica
• Pistacia integerrrima is less susceptible to
verticillium wilt
• Pioneer gold 2 is a new hybrid

9. Plant Spacing
• Generally, the Pistachio trees should be planted 1 inch
lower than it was raised in nurseries or .
• When it comes to plant spacing, it depends on
irrigation.
• In case of irrigated gardens, plants should be spaced at
6 meter x 6 meter for grid pattern.
• In areas where irrigation is not available, trees can be
spaced at 8 meter x 10 meter.
• For bearing Pistachio nuts, both male and female trees
should be planted in the ratio of 1:8 (one male and
eight female trees) to 1:10 (one male and ten female
trees).

10. Varieties
• Iranian Round Pistachio
• Iranian Jumbo Pistachio
• Iranian Long Pistachio
• Kernel Pistachio
• Green Skinned Pistachio
• Red Pistachios

11. Iranian Jumbo Pistachio
• This nut is well known
because of its size
being considerably
bigger than the other
pistachio options out
there.
• The Jumbo Pistachio
is very sensitive to
both cold weather
and a shortage of
water.

12. Iranian Long Pistachio
• This long pistachio is
available in many
different types, and you
will notice it also seems
to have a lighter shell
than other varieties.
• The Iranian Long
Pistachio is harvested in
late September, and the
crops seem to be very
strong.

13. Kernel Pistachio
• Kernel pistachios are pieces
from closed pistachios.
• These are usually going to
be small in size, and
sometimes they will be
broken apart as well.
• These types of pistachios
are great for cooking, and
you can season them to
your liking and then roast
or bake them.

14. Green Skinned Pistachio
• The green-skinned pistachios
are sometimes called shelled
raw pistachios.
• The green-skinned pistachios
are much easier to eat
because you won’t need to
remove the shell and work for
your snack.
• These pistachios are ready to
eat, and you can quickly
season them or roast them if
you so choose.

15. Red Pistachios
• These red pistachios
were initially only
made in Iran, but
they are now being
produced in the
United States as
well.
• Most of the time,
they will be a
medium-sized nut.

16. Irrigation
• Pistachio tress are draught tolerant, they
should be maintained with enough moisture
whenever needed.
• Mulching is the best practice to retain the
water.
• Drip irrigation can be adopted for proper
utilization of water.
• Avoid any water logging conditions.
• Rainy season don't need any irrigation.

17. Manures & Fertilizers
• As nitrogen is important fertilizer for any nut
crop.
• However, fertilizers should not be applied in
the first year of planting but in the subsequent
year.
• Each pistachio tree should be provided with
450 g of ammonium sulphate in 2 split doses
during the growing season.

18. Intercultural Operations
• Pistachio trees should be trained to grow
upward and outward direction and develop
into a modified open- vase shape.
• Secondary branches should be removed
• Weed control is another task in pistachio
production for healthy growing of trees and
producing quality nuts.

19. Insects & Pests
• Cotton Aphid (Aphis gossypii)
• Mealybugs
• Pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena targionii)

20. Cotton Aphid (Aphis gossypii)
Damage
• Cotton aphids can be a major problem
in first-year, newly budded trees.
• They distort and cause curling of
growing leaves, and produce a large
amount of honeydew.
Management
• Avoid applying too much nitrogen
fertilizer.
• Biological and cultural controls and
sprays of rosemary oil, insecticidal
soaps, and certain oils are
acceptable for use in an organically
grown crop.
• Control weedy hosts of cotton
aphid.

21. Mealybugs
Damage
• Mealybug feeding results in the
production of large amounts of
honeydew that acts as a substrate
for black sooty molds.
• Thick layers of sooty molds on leaf
surfaces can reduce photosynthesis.
• Gill's mealybug has a great affinity
for feeding within the pistachio
cluster.
Management
• There are no cultural controls
known to affect the density of Gill's
mealybug or the damage it causes
to pistachios.
• However, cultural controls such as
washing equipment (especially
harvest equipment) when leaving
infested orchards is essential for
decreasing the rate of orchard-to-
orchard spread of this new pest.

22. Pistachio psyllid (Agonoscena targionii)
Damage
• Leaves turning yellow and
necrotic curling leaves, leaves
drying out, leaves dropping
from plant prematurely, leaves
may be covered with sticky
honeydew.
Management
• Control typically relies on the
application of appropriate
insecticide but the insect has
developed resistance to
organophosphates in certain
countries such as Syria

23. Physiological Disorders
Pistachios display tree physiological conditions.
1. The first is alternate bearing.
2. The second is the production of blank.
3. The third is non split nuts.(nuts that fail to
split)

24. Diseases
• Verticillium wilt
• Phytopthora root rot
• Botrytis shoot blight
• Panicle & shoot blight

25. Verticillium wilt

26. Verticillium wilt
Type of damage
• The fungus has broad
host range, is
widespread & can
survive in soil for years.
• Roots are infected &
fungus eventually plugs
the water conducting
tissues, causing & tree
death.
Control
• Use resistant
rootstock (P.
integerrima).
• Soil fumigation &
fungicidal drenching
are expensive but
can eliminate the
fungus.

27. Phytopthora root rot

28. Phytopthora root rot
Damage
• Fungus attack roots
& trunks of pistachio
trees in poorly
drained soils.
Control
• Avoiding heavy poor
drained soil is the
primary mean of
control.
• Proper three care, to
ensure vigour & good
overall health will
increase the natural
resistance of the tree.

29. Botrytis shoot blight

30. Botrytis shoot blight
Damage
• Fungus enters the
flower cluster, goes
down into the stem
& girdle them.
Control
• Fungus growth is
favoured by rain and
cool temperature at
bloom.
• Application of fungicide
especially benomyl
reduced the number of
blighted shoots.

31. Panicle & shoot blight

32. Panicle & shoot blight
Damage
• Fungus (Botryspaheria
dothdea) attack flowers,
young shoots, buds, leaves
and fruits in years with
rainfall during bloom.
• It is worse when high
temperature accompanies
rains or if overhead
irrigation keeps the tree
moist, when it is warm.
Control
• Control is achieved by
avoiding irrigation and
through sanitation of
organs affected in
previous, where the
fungus overwinters.

33. Harvesting
• Pistachio trees take longer time to produce
nuts.
• These budded trees become ready to produce
fruits for 5 years and will not reach maximum
production until the 12th year of planting.
Pistachio trees begin bearing the 5th year
after budding.

34. Yield
• Yield of the Pistachio nuts Mainly depends on
climate, cultivar and crop management
practices.
• On average a yield of 8 to 10 Kg per fully
matured tree can be obtained

35. Health Benefits
• Pistachios are heart friendly nuts.
• Pistachios are good source of vitamins and
minerals.
• Pistachios are low calorie nuts
• Pistachios help in reducing the risk of age related
macular disease.
• Pistachios help in eliminating skin dryness.
• Pistachios have Antioxidant properties.
• Pistachios protects from getting diabetes.
• Pistachios help in absorption of iron from food.

36. Pistachio Tree

37. Pistachio Buds

38. Pistachio Fruits

39. References
• https://www.thecoldwire.com/types-of-
pistachios/
• https://www.agrifarming.in/pistachio-
cultivation
• https://plantvillage.psu.edu/topics/pistachio/i
nfos
• https://ipm.ucanr.edu/agriculture/pistachio/

40. Thank
You