2. Quantitative research
⚫ The major phases:
1. Conceptual phase
2. Design and planning phase
3. Empirical phase
4. The analytical phase
5. Dissemination phase
3. Cont…Quantitative
⚫ Phase 1: Conceptual phase
1. Formulating and delimiting the problem
2. Reviewing the literature
3. Defining the theoretical framework
4. Formulating the hypothesis
4. Cont…Quantitative
⚫ Design and planning phase
1. Selecting a research design
2. Identifying the population to be studies
3. Specifying methods to measure the
research variables
4. Designing the sampling plan
5. Finalizing & reviewing research plan
8. Qualitative research
⚫ Contrast to quantitative the research process
goes in a circle rather than a linear straight
line
⚫ The researcher continually examines and
interprets data and proceeds based on what
he discovers.
⚫ The researchers do not have a full
knowledge on how possibly the study will
flow
9. Qualitative research
⚫ For example, the researcher may not review
the literature until conducting a preliminary
analysis of the collected data
⚫ OR, may decide to select the design in the
middle of the study
⚫ WHY, BECAUSE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
IS FLEXIBLE