The document outlines the typical steps in a business research process: 1. A business problem or opportunity is identified by the decision maker and discussed with the business researcher. 2. The researcher then prepares a formal research proposal that defines the management problem and proposes an approach to research. 3. The researcher conducts field work such as surveys, interviews, or experiments to collect relevant data. 4. The data is then prepared, analyzed, and interpreted to help inform managerial decision making and address the original business problem or opportunity.

2. Research design is the framework of research
methods and techniques chosen by a
researcher to conduct a study.
The design allows researchers to sharpen the
research methods suitable for the subject
matter and set up their studies for success.

9. 7 STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS
• Step One: Define research problem
• StepTwo: Reviewof literature
• StepThree: Formulate hypotheses
• Step Four: Preparing the research design
• Step Five: Datacollection
• Step Six: Data analysis
• Step Seven: Interpretation and report writing

10. Define
research
problem
Review the
literature
Formulate
hypotheses
Design
research
Collectdata
Analyse
data
Interpret
and report
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11. Step One: Define Research Problem
There are twotypesof research problem, viz., those
⚫relate tostatesof nature
⚫relationship betweenvariables.
Essentially two steps are involved in define research
problem, viz.,
⚫understanding the problem thoroughlyand
⚫ rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an
pointof view.

12. Step Two: Review of Literature
⚫Once the problem is define, a brief summary of it
should be written down. It is compulsory for a
research worker writing a thesis for a Ph.D. degree to
write a synopsis of topic and submit it to necessary
committeeor the research board forapproval.

13. Step Three: Formulate Hypothesis
⚫Formulate hypothesis is tentative assumption made in
order to draw out and test its logical or empirical
consequences. Hypothesis should be very specific and
limited to the piece of research in hand because it has
to be tested.
The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by
delimiting the area of research and to keep him on the
right track.

14. Step Four: Preparing the Research
Design
⚫ The function of research design is to provide for the
collection of relevant evidence with minimal
expenditureof effort, timeand money.
⚫Research purpose may be grouped into four
categories, viz., (1) Exploration, (2) Description,(3)
Diagnosis, and (4) Experimentation.

15. Step Five: Data Collection
⚫Primary datacan becollected through:
By Observation
Through personal interview
Through telephone interview
By mailing of questionnaries
Through Schedules

16. Step Six: Data Analysis
The analysis of data requires a number of closely related
operations such as establishmentof categories.
This stage mainly include :
1. Coding
2. Editing
3. Tabulation

17. Step Seven: Interpretation and
Report Writing
Researcher has to prepare the report of what has been
done by him.
Writing of report includes:
1. the preliminary pages;
2. the main text, and
3. the end matter.

18. 1.Identifying the Research Problem or Question:
1.Example: A researcher notices an increase in
anxiety among college students and wonders if
the usage of social media correlates with this
trend.
2.Conducting a Literature Review:
1.Researchers review existing studies to
understand the current state of knowledge and to
identify gaps.
2.Example: Our researcher finds several articles
suggesting that increased screen time might
relate to anxiety, but few have directly studied the
specific relationship between social media usage
and anxiety in college students.

19. 3. Designing the Research:
1.The method, population, variables, and tools are
chosen.
2.Example: The researcher decides to conduct a
cross-sectional survey among 500 college
students, measuring their daily social media usage
and their levels of anxiety using a standardized
scale.
4. Collecting Data:
•Data is gathered based on the research design.
•Example: The researcher administers the survey on a
college campus over three weeks, collecting responses
from participating students.

20. 5.Analyzing the Data:
1.Using appropriate statistical or qualitative
methods, the data is examined to identify
patterns or trends.
2.Example: The researcher uses statistical
software to find a positive correlation between
hours spent on social media and reported
anxiety levels.
6.Drawing Conclusions and Making
Recommendations:
1.The findings are interpreted, and implications
are considered.
2.Example: The researcher concludes that there's
a significant association between social media
usage and anxiety among college students and

21. 7.Writing and Presenting the Research Report:
1.The entire process and findings are documented,
often for publication or presentation.
2.Example: The researcher writes a paper detailing
the study's methodology, findings, and
implications, and submits it to a psychology
journal. Later, the researcher presents the
findings at a conference.
8.Disseminating the Findings:
1.Sharing the results with the broader community,
stakeholders, or the public.
2.Example: The researcher organizes a workshop
on the college campus to share the study's results
with students, educators, and counselors, offering
them insights and strategies to manage social

22. 9. Reflecting and Evaluating:
1.Reviewing the process, considering
improvements, or identifying new questions that
have arisen.
2.Example: Upon reflection, the researcher realizes
that future studies might benefit from a more
diverse sample or consider other factors like the
type of social media platforms used.
10. Complying with Ethical Considerations:
•Ensuring the study adheres to ethical guidelines.
•Example: Before administering the survey, the
researcher obtained informed consent from all
participants, ensuring they understood the study's
purpose and their rights.

23. Business Research
Problem or
opportunity
Decision maker
and business
research
meeting
Management
problem
Formal
research
Proposal
Approach to
research
Field work and
data collection
Data
Preparation
Data Analysis Interpretation
Managerial decision making