2. To
take
into
account...
• To
undertake
ac/ons
against
the
Bullying
conflict
in
the
adolescence,
it
is
compulsory
to
first
deeply
understand
the
psychological
context
of
Bullying
situa/ons,
the
concept
of
bullying
and
that
it
is
considered
a
social
conflict
situa/on.
3. Concept
of
Bullying.
• Bullying
can
be
defined
as
a
verbal,
psychological,
physical,
online
or
social
behaviour
that
is
harmful
and
involves
the
misuse
of
power
by
an
individual
or
group,
towards
one
or
more
people.
These
situa/ons
might
occur
repeatedly
adop/ng
the
form
of
HARASSMENT
• Bullying
can
happen
in
any
context.
Examples
:
The
school
or
aIer
school,
at
the
university
or
at
the
neighbourhood,
in
a
sports
team
or
at
work.
• Bullying
of
any
form
or
for
any
reason
can
have
long-‐term
effects
on
those
involved
including
bystanders.
John
Paul
Lederach.
4. Why
are
adolescents
more
vulnerable
to
bullying?
• The
adolescence
as
any
other
stage
in
the
develop
of
a
human
•
•
being,
is
a
/me
in
which
the
person
is
in
constant
contact
with
the
environment.
Such
interac/on
in
the
case
of
teenagers
allows
them
to
meet
different
cultural,
psychological
and
social
elements
that
will
provide
them
with
the
alterna/ves
they
need
in
order
to
build
on
their
iden/ty.
Socializing
ins/tu/ons
such
as
family,
school
and
religion
constantly
impose
on
the
youngest,
stereotypes
in
which
they
can
feel
iden/fied
or,
on
the
contrary
they
can
feel
discordance
from
what
society
wants
from
them,
want
they
need
and
what
they
can
be.
When
teenagers
feel
discordance
between
themselves
and
those
demands,
they
find
other
iden/fying
alterna/ves
different
than
the
“ought
to
be”
established
by
society.
Violence
is
a
way
to
reveal
themselves
against
what
society
imposes
for
them.
This
is
when
the
take
bullying
as
an
iden/ty
element.
Arias, Zorrilla (2007)
5. Identity vs Role confusion, the
main conflict in the Adolescence
• Erik
Erikson
(1968)
proposed
a
Psychological
Development
theory
in
which
he
explained
that
in
every
stage
of
social
life,
humans
experience
a
conflict,
and
depending
on
how
the
person
solve
that
conflict
(either
in
a
posi/ve
or
in
a
nega/ve
way),
the
person
can
move
onto
the
next
stage
with
psychological
health
or
psychological
issues.
• According
to
his
theory,
the
conflict
that
takes
place
during
the
adolescence
is
called
“Iden/ty
vs
Role
Confusion”
• Bullying
is
not
normal
behavior
or
just
part
of
growing
up.
6.
Iden/ty
vs
Role
Confussion.
Psicosocial
Development
of
and
Adolescent.
Erik
Erikson.
7. Kids
who
bully
The kids who bully might have one of the personality features shown in the purple and green
boxes below. Nevertheless, their behaviour and long-term effects are the same
Ac/ve
personality
-‐Social
power
-‐Popularity
-‐likes
to
dominate
others
Passive
personality
-‐Less
involved
in
school
-‐Depressed
-‐Low
self
esteem
-‐Isolated
-‐Not
iden/fied
with
others
emo/ons
-‐Anxious
Behaviour:
-‐Aggressive
-‐Low
frustra/on
tolerance
-‐Less
parental
involvement
-‐Issues
at
home
-‐Think
badly
of
others
-‐Difficulty
following
rules
-‐See
violence
in
a
posi/ve
way
-‐Have
friends
who
bully
Long-‐term
consequences:
-‐Abuse
of
alcohol
or
drugs
-‐Fights,
vandalize,
drop
out
of
school
-‐Engage
in
early
sexual
ac/vity
-‐Have
criminal
convic/ons.
-‐Abusive
in
roman/c
rela/onship
and
with
children
8. IMPORTANT!
Those who bully others do not need to be
stronger or bigger than those they bully. The
power imbalance can come from a number of
sources: popularity, strength, cognitive ability
and children who bully may have more than one
of these characteristics.
9. Why
do
they
bully?
•
•
•
•
•
•
They
don’t
know
what
they
are
doing.
To
look
tough
or
feel
more
powerful.
To
escape
their
own
problems.
Because
they
are
being
bullied
too.
To
make
themselves
popular.
Because
they
are
jealous
of
the
vic/m.
10. References
Elementary harassment restraining kids, by Glenn. E, Malone, EdD (2007)
Available at http://www.slideshare.net/GEMalone/harassment-retraining-kids
Risk factors, by stopbullying.gov available at
http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/factors/index.html#morelikely
Why do kids bully?, by stompoutbullying.org available at
http://www.stompoutbullying.org/aboutbullying_why.php
Arias, M; Zorrilla, S (2007) Construcción de identidad de género en jóvenes mujeres
pertenecientes a un colegio de estrato socioeconómico alto de Cali. Pontificia Universidad
Javeriana. Cali.
Erikson, E (1968) Identidad, Juventud y Crisis. Primera Edición. Buenos Aires.
Editorial Paidos.
Ledereach, J (1998) Construyendo paz; reconciliación sostenible en sociedades divididas.
Bilbao: editorial Bakeas – Gernika Goojoratuz.
