A Brief Note On The Defence Meteorological Satellite Program

A Brief Note On The Defence Meteorological Satellite Program
1.4 Literature Review 1.4.1 Locating and Quantifying Flaring Activities Although gas flaring has
been a fundamental activity in the oil and gas industry since the discovery of oil, the exact
magnitude of the problem both globally and regionally has been uncertain, reported data from
governments and independent oil companies had its errors and limitations. In 2001, Elvidge et al.
proposed that the Defence Meteorological satellite program (DMSP) Operational Linescan system's
(OLS) Night–time lights of the world data could be used identify burning flares and an algorithm
developed from reported flare data and sum light index could be used to quantify flared gas volumes
globally. In 2007, Elvidge et al. working with the National Oceanic and ... Show more content on
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Several reports including those by GE, GGFR, IEA, World Bank and others have tried to quantify
the economic cost of gas flaring in terms of revenue lost and potential useful gas volumes from U.S
importation prices and NOAA reported volumes flared establishing that the world losses billions of
dollars each year to the activity (World Bank, 2007; IEG–World Bank, 2009; Elvidge et al., 2009;
Svensson et al., 2009; IEA, 2009; IEA, 2010; Labeyrie et al., 2010; GGFR, 2010; NOAA–NGDC,
2010; Farina, 2011; GGFR, 2013) The environmental concerns of the flare system includes noise
pollution, thermal radiation, luminosity and glare, particulate emission, and chemical emissions with
varying impacts on the environment surrounding them. (Seebold, 1972; Vanderline, 1974; Bulewicz
et al., 1975; Brzustowski, 1976; Klett et al., 1976; EPA, 1983; Kearns, J. et al., 2000, Olavo, 2012).
Bose et al, 2006 in an EIA study of a rice field in Assam established the effect on agriculture. In
2007, Gervert examined the contribution of flaring to global warming through its due to its CO2
emissions. Kaladumo, et al. and Bisong
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Solar Flares Vs Cme Research Paper
Difference between Solar flares and CME's
Difference between Solar flares and CME's
The light was greater than that of the moon at its full, but had an indescribable softness and delicacy
that seemed to envelop everything upon which it rested. Between 12 and 1 o'clock, when the display
was at its full brilliancy, the quiet streets of the city resting under this strange light, presented a
beautiful as well as singular appearance – Baltimore American and Commercial Advertiser
Earths atmosphere is constantly bombarded 24 hours a day by outer space. Small objects such
bolides and meteors burn up in the Earths atmosphere most often harmlessly. Space dust is
continually raining down on Earth from the outer portions of the Solar system as well without
notice. The most dangerous and disrupting of all, is the Coronal Mas Ejection or CME. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Solar flares consist of both charged particles and electromagnetic radiation emitted from the sun.
Solar flares are relatively smaller than a coronal mass ejection and emit both X–rays and Gamma
rays. Travel time for a solar flare to reach the earth is much faster, arriving at our planet at around 8
minutes or the speed of light. The greater majority of solar flares go unnoticed here on earth due to
the protective magnetic field surrounding our planet. During particular intense solar flares there is
the possibility for satellites to be temporarily disrupted. Pilots and passenger flying at high altitudes
are at greater risk of radiation exposure and can suffer mild short–term effects and with greater
exposure longer term health risks are

The Effect Of Solar Flares On Our Future Essay
Possibly the most dramatic event that occurs within our solar system is the solar flare. Scientists
have spent much time studying this solar phenomenon attempting to learn how to predict them. This
in turn has caused a significant increase in understanding the anatomy of solar flares to include the
phases of flares and what they emit. Bringing things closer to Earth, the emissions of solar flares can
have a significant impact in today's technological world. By far, the largest impact of solar flares to
our technology is radio blackouts. The emissions of solar flares cause scintillation to occur in the
ionosphere effectively blocking long distance transmissions. Solar flares are excessively bright and
powerful and so deserve our attention not only from a scientific standpoint, but a societal standpoint
as we rely more and more on our technology.
Currently, scientists do not fully understand why and how solar flares occur. However, they have
and continue to perform research into how the Sun creates solar flares. As scientists understood it
now, solar flares occur in relation to the magnetic fields of the Sun.1 These magnetic fields
continuously shift and twist around. They believe the movement of the magnetic fields causes a
buildup of energy which results in a solar flare, but scientists have not been able to sufficiently
explain how the mechanism works.2
Our lack of understanding solar flare physics makes predicting a solar flare tricky so we must rely
on past observations.

Solar Belt Research Paper
Never heard of a solar flare? No Problem! This next paragraph will explain what a solar flare is and
a little insight on how each stage, or factor, affects the Earth when released. When magnetic energy
that has built up in the sun's atmosphere is suddenly released it creates a solar flare. Radiation is
then released across most of the electromagnetic spectrum and "the amount of energy released is the
equivalent to millions of 100–megaton bombs exploding at the same time" ("Solar Flares")! While
harmful radiation can't pass through the atmosphere of Earth, it can, when strong enough, disrupt
GPS and communication signals around the world ( Karen C. Fox). A solar flare could reach
temperatures from 20 million degrees Kelvin, or about 35,999,540°F to 100 million degrees Kelvin,
or around 179,999,540°F. ("Solar Flares"). These solar flares can still effect the Earth, although the
scorching heat cannot make it to the Earth, the electromagnetic radiation can. A solar flare can
temporarily disrupt communications systems and GPS satellites in Earth's atmosphere (Karen C.
Fox). An even more disruptive type of solar flare is a coronal mass ejection. A solar flare strong ...
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The first is the precursor stage where magnetic energy is released. In the second stage, known as the
impulsive stage, protons and electrons energies are accelerated. During this stage radio waves, hard
x–rays, and gamma rays are emitted. In the third stage, called the decay stage, is the buildup of soft
x–rays and then the decay of the soft x–rays. The duration of the precursor, impulsive, and decay
stages can take anywhere from a few seconds up to one hour. Solar flares form in a layer of the sun
called the corona, the outermost layer, where the gases can reach a few million degrees
Kelvin("Solar Flares"). Solar flares normally erupt from sunspots. Typically, these sunspots are
temporarily cooler, darker, and the local magnetic field is relatively

Case Study Of Lakes: Hickman And Flare
Lakes: Hickman and Flare: both will continue to stay behind the door per Captain Marquez, were
put on secure management by security. Paper work was completed and filed. RMHU: Evesole, no
problems, spoke to him briefly, was waiting for medical to disburse his medication. Evesole also
went out to the recreation yard for fresh air for about 10 minutes. Mr. Evesole also is requesting to
attend church, I have not given him an answer as of yet, wasn't sure if he could. I'm adding that Mr.
Evesole has been very cooperative today with appropriate behaviors and verbal discussions, with
staff and clinical. Alexander, V. wrote order for him to stay on Constant Observation due to
masturbating the night before also a code was called. I spoke to him and

Flare Fragrances
Flare Fragrances Company, Inc
.
Final Authentic Assessment
Analyzing Growth Opportunities
MRKT 495
Flare Fragrances Company, Inc
.
Final Authentic Assessment
Analyzing Growth Opportunities
MRKT 495
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUBJECT PAGE(S)
History 1–2
Executive Summary 2–3
Statement of challenge 3
Evidence Supporting the Challenge 3–4
Analysis of Current Situation 5–6
SWOT Conclusion 6
Competitive Analysis Conclusion 6–7
Current Marketing Mix 7–8
Conclusion from Analysis of Current Situation 8
Alternative Strategic Solutions (1–4) 8–10
Recommendation of Alternative Strategic Solution 11
Putting it All Together 11–12
Bibliography ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Flare's sales come from its six fragrance lines equating for 93% of all sales with 7% coming from
line extension products such as soaps, shower gels and gift sets. Since 1996 Flare has launched a
new scent every two to three years, as we near 2009 it is time to make a decision if we are ready for
a new launch. In 2006 we positioned ourselves in the young and chic category with the launch of

Natural. Savvy is our fragrance ready for launch, its scent has been seen as stylish, upbeat and
classy and has been geared towards the 18–34 age group. The projected sales price is $40.00 with a
launch in the mid–tier brand category. The questions are do we position it in the young and chic
category or do we enter into a new position such as young and classic. In addition, if we do launch
this product do we umbrella it under Loveliest or do an independent launch and create a new brand.
In addition, is a Mother's Day launch obtainable? Our Second issue is whether to enter into the Drug
Store channel. Our current channels are department stores both premium and mid–tier, we have
stake in privately owned pharmacies and have positioned ourselves in the mass market to include
stores like J.C. Penny's, Target, Kohl's and Wal–Mart. Chain Drug Stores are the one channel we
have yet to hit with full force, perhaps it is time. In most circumstances, Drug Store channels prefer
to sell only Flare's highest turnover items, which could ideally damage relationships with

Acute Flares 177 Case Study
8.1. Management of acute flares 177 Acute flares are best handled by 1) identifying the most
immediate trigger factors (eg. fleas, specific 178 foods) and 2) using a treatment that can provide
immediate relief decreasing inflammation and pruritus. 179 The persistence of inflammation and the
skin damage caused by self–trauma can have rapidly negative 180 effects not only on the comfort
level of the animals but also to the development of the secondary infections, 181 which can further
complicate and increase the severity of the clinical signs. While glucocorticoids have been 182 used
for a long time and are well known treatment with its pros and cons, the use of a JAK inhibitor like
183 oclacitinib, is still relatively new. Oclacitinib has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
197 For patients either cannot take oclacitinib or other therapies, another option is the recently
released 198 biologic. This is a subcutaneous injection of the caninized anti–cIL–31 monoclonal
antibody and is aimed 199 at blocking IL–31, which is a mediator of pruritus in dogs [43]. Whether
IL–31 is a main cytokine in canine 200 AD is still under investigation. One study had failed to
detect IL–31 in the skin of atopic dogs altogether 201 and another study detected IL–31 in the serum
of only 57% of atopic dogs. Thus, although IL–31 injection 202 can induce pruritus in dogs, it is not
clear yet that this is a critical cytokine in canine AD. IL–31 monoclonal 203 antibody provides
approximately 60% reduction in pruritus according to owners and up to 50% decrease 204 of
CADESI in most atopic patients [44]. Benefit typically lasts one month although great variability is
seen 205 in clinical settings. This therapy appears to be well tolerated with minimal propensity for
triggering 206 immunity [45]. 207 As part of the acute flare management, it is important to use
topical therapy as adjunctive strategy to 208 decrease pruritus and sooth the skin. Topical
glucocorticoids can also be used to provide fast relief, 209 particularly in patients with localized
disease. If infections are present, they need to be addressed to 210 decrease pruritus and allow
maximum benefit of

Flare Case Analysis Essay
Joely Patterson, the CEO of Flare company, has brought a question that how to deliver over $7.5
million incremental revenue by the end of 2009. After analyzing the background and current
situation of the company, a main issue shows up that whether to increase our efforts in the upscale
drug store channel or introduce a new brand Savvy.
Several opportunities and threats exist for Flare fragrances in the market place along with strengths
and weakness (Exhibit 1). Customer can be divided into three segments: 1) Women by age 18–34.
2) Women by age 35–64. 3) Men. Segmentation analysis can be found in Exhibit 2. The criteria
should be considered during the decision making process are: 1) Market potential. 2) Profitability. 3)
Cost of implementation. Decision criteria can be found in Exhibit 3. Based on the above assessment,
I recommend Flare to launch the new brand Savvy targets women by age 18 to 34, because
customers are willing to try new scents and the cost is lower than puts efforts in drug stores. ...
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Implantation plan is shown below.
Product: Savvy targets at women by age 18–34 (Exhibit 5). The name Savvy means stylish and
classy, and the packaging will be high quality and good impression. The product aimed to give
customer aspirational experience at an affordable price. After launch Fragrance initially, we also
decide to bring out bath soap and body lotion which take care customers on all sides in life.
Price: Savvy focuses on lowest price strategy with the price of $40 for 1.7 oz. spray bottle,
compares to its competitors, Dulcet, charges $42. With between 5% and 10% off–invoice
allowances, customer further experience lower price which creates a competitive advantage in
comparison with

Steller Super Flare Reminder Research Paper
Steller Super–Flare Reminder: Our Sun Is Special
It is no secret that the earth's sun is "special" to say the least. Some would say it was designed to be
unique to help sustain life on planet earth. However, other nearby stars were not designed to sustain
life. One example would be the star Proxima Centauri. This star recently had a short increase in
radiation, known as a flare. This flare caused the star to become a thousand times brighter for ten
seconds. Earth's sun also has flares, but they are much smaller. When Proxima Centauri is at its
brightest point it is still ten times brighter than our suns largest flare. This is just one example of
how special our sun really is.
The star Proxima Centauri is interesting because besides form the sun it is the closest star to earth,
measuring to be about 4.3 light–years away. It also has an exoplanet named Proxima b that obits
around it. Scientist studied how the flares emitted by the star would affect the orbiting exoplanet. It's
assumed that Proxima b would have been blasted with radiation during the flares over billions of
years since the exoplanet was formed. Flares like this could have evaporated any oceans or
atmospheres, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this has not happened and it's starting to make secular scientist themselves admit that our
sun is special and unique in design, because it does not emit these monster super flares like the ones
produced by Proxima Centauri. The question is, could our sun send out such a flare powerful
enough to even melt the ice on Jupiter's moon's, destroy earth's ozone layer and even obliterate all
our satellites? Well the answer is yes. Scientist have studied other sun like stars in our galaxy and
discovered that they produce these super flares about once a century. But, they have no explanations
as to why our sun does not produce such solar

Comparison Of Solar Declares And The Solar Cycle
A problem that may affect you in the future are solar flares and the solar cycle. Solar flares and
sunspots can interrupt radio frequencies, transmissions, and everything electronic. This could cause
prodigious problems and send the world into anarchy. Solar flares are high energy explosions that
radiate through space. They are sometimes called CME's, which stands for coronal mass ejection.
Solar flares are measured by the maximum flux of their X–rays. The scale consists of grade A, B, C,
M, X flares. A is the weakest level and X is the strongest. This scale is similar to the Richter scale
for measuring earthquakes. The most recent solar flare that was considered X–rated occurred in
2011, according to (Science Daily.)
A sunspot is a result of a solar flare. Sunspots occur when there is a magnetic disturbance on the
surface of the sun, which causes a cooler temperature of the gases then the ones around it. A solar
flare is an explosion of plasma on the surface of the sun. Both sunspots and solar flares cause
electrical surges ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since solar flares interrupt electrical lines and towers, you can buy an off–the–grid generator to
supply your building with power. Investing in surge protectors can help protect your appliances'
power boards from being fried. Another way to protect major electricity and communication lines is
to make them more material–based and not as vulnerable. NASA has built a large solar shield to
protect their power grids from solar activity. These function as mirrors and are repositioned as the
CME travels towards Earth.
To conclude, solar flares are a threat to the existence of technology on earth. They could cause vast
problems on Earth, however there are things we can do to protect and prevent against these solar
flares. Solar flares are no need to worry too much about, as the odds of them hitting Earth are very

Why Are Solar Storms A Concern To Earth
1. How are scientists studying the sun?
Scientists are studying the sun through use of the Solar Dynamics Observatory. This spacecraft
orbits 22,000 miles from Earth, recording changes on the Sun as they happen. This will take place
for 5 years.
2. Why are solar storms a concern to Earth?
Solar storms are a concern to Earth because coronal mass ejections, eruption of a billion tons of
charged particles from the sun's outer atmosphere, can reach Earth in a few days and solar flares,
gigantic explosions on the sun's surface erupting with force of 20 billion nuclear bombs, can reach
Earth in minutes. Earth's outer atmosphere acts as a shield. If large enough an event can move the
magnetic shield and induce currents on power lines and blow out transformers.The sun's
atmosphere, the heliosphere, extends out through the entire solar system, causing Earth to be subject
to its weather. In addition, humans are greatly dependent on technology, all of these satellites that
allow for the use of such technology are at risk of being harmed by solar storms.
3. What can scientists learn from the data recorded by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)?
From the data recorded by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, scientists will be able to learn the
patterns of the solar storms and how to predict them. The SDO will also scientists to study sunspots
on the Sun to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The SDO will advance the resolution at which scientists study the sun. Sonic maps reveal where the
sun's storms may occur. Another set of maps helps track the magnetic storm clouds, showing light
colors as magnetic field comings out of the sun and dark colors showing magnetic fields coming
into the sun. One new instrument allows scientists to get detailed map of the sun every 45 seconds.
This adds up to be about 1.3 terabytes of information a

Flare Fragrance
Analyzing Flare
Fragrances Co., Inc.
Joseph J Fortunato CR 504
Marketing Management
May, 31, 2011
About Flare Fragrances: Flare Fragrances Company, a small women's perfume manufacturer, was
started in 1955.
Since inception, Flare has grown to be the #4 player in the U.S. women's fragrance market. For
2008 EOY estimates were $221 million dollars up 2% over 2007 sales. In 1975 Flare introduced the
brand "Loveliest" which was their sole focus until 1996 when they introduced "Awash". Since that
time, the company introduced a new fragrance every three years with Loveliest on the label. Early
on Flare fragrances sold its brands through premium and mid–tier department stores until the late
1970's when Flare moved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Product Line: Eau de Parfum initially; to be followed by bath soap and body lotions.
Retail Price Point: $40 for 1.7oz. Spray bottle. Variable cost structure similar to other Flare
Fragrances.
Trade margin: 40%
Introductory Deals: 5% and 10% off–invoice allowances on small and large size prepacks,
respectively. Sales of each prepack were expected to account of 1/3 of 2009 Savvy sales.
Sampling: Production of 1 million 1/8 oz. samples to be distributed free at the point of sale at a cost
of $400,000.00
Merchandising Aids: Counter display materials, brochures, and testers at a cost in 2009 of
$100,000.00.
Timing of Launch: First orders excepted in 2009; first shipments in September 2009.
Sales Target: Gross factory sales of $7.5 million in 2009.
In analyzing this new product introduction recommendation a few things come to mind based on the
findings of Arlmont Associates as well as the focus group findings and the wants of the company's
founders. Flare fragrances typical new product introduction has been every three years and this new
launch is on target to meet the new introduction schedule. Although doing nothing or concentrating
on drugstore expansion are options, if bringing the company public is the ultimate goal of the
companies founders, then historically, especially for investors, it is critical to maintain Flare's

historical product launch schedule. If the company does not it would appear that there are problems
internally and

Negative Essay : Solar Flare
–Fanasode#2: Solar Flare– It was a sunny day in Paris, France, and the sunlight that was coming
from the sun was shimmering through the opened windows of a school building. Inside this school
building, students are seen walking down the hallways of the school building and the sounds of their
footsteps echoed through the hallways of the school building and then the students are seen heading
into a classroom. The students sat down, in their desks as they waited for today's lesson to begin.
However, meanwhile, in another part of the school building what looked to be a science fair was
about to begin. One science fair project was a scale replica of the solar system, and another science
fair project told about the laws of gravity. However, what sounds like two distinct voices arguing
over something captures the audience's attention, and then the angle of the camera changes to show
two teenagers arguing over something. One of the teenagers had a dark skin tone, along with curly
brown hair, and brown eyes, they wore, black glasses, along with a light green polo shirt with red
straps on it. They also wore brown checkered jeans, along with a watch on their wrist, they also
wear blue–gray looking shoes, and finally, this teenager appeared to be male, and his name was
Max, and he was one of Adrien's friends. The second teenager who Max was talking to, had a light
tanned skin tone, along with long wavy orange hair that went past their shoulders, and they had light
green eyes, they also

The Effect Of Solar And On Earth
Most solar storms produce a variety of effects on our planet. The intensity of a solar storm increase
gradually, the storm can begin to develop the capacity to create a major disaster on Earth. The
variety of intensity of solar storm is like the difference between being hit with a tropical rainstorm
and being devastated by a Category 5 hurricane. Oak Ridge National Laboratories estimated that
only a solar storm just slightly stronger than the 13 March 1989 storm would have the capacity to
produce a cascading blackout involving the entire Northeastern sector of the United States and other
effect on the terrestrial biological systems. So the question is "what are the components of Solar
Flares? How does it cause damages? What are they? Are there any measures to mitigate the risks?
This paper dissects and analyzes the various threats created by Great solar storms and provide some
Theorell experiences and research details that entail the phenomena and its effects.
Solar Flares:
Definition and Impacts Introduction
Solar storms consist of three major components: solar flares, solar proton events (SPEs) and coronal
mass ejections (CMEs). CMEs can interact with Earth's magnetic field to produce a geomagnetic
storm. Not all solar storms produce all three elements but the largest solar storms tend to. (James. A
Maruesk 2007) Recent scientific information indicates that an extreme solar storm cycle activity
producing Geomagnetically–Induced Currents (GIC) is predicted to

A Report On The Earth
"Holly, could you pass me that–––" static interrupted Trenton. The display on the bottom left corner
of his helmet said "COMM SYS FAILURE". He looked up at his company and they seemed to
notice the same thing. Claude signaled them to get back on the rover. Their job would have to wait
because they needed to get back to the Base as soon as possible. Every fiber in his body told him
that the worst had happened: a solar flare. NASA had known about the possibility of such an
occurrence but the resulting solar flare from the explosion of a giant sunspot wasn't supposed to hit
the moon. The moon's atmosphere or magnetic field couldn't block solar flares from bombarding
them with x–ray and radio waves, thus frying their communication systems. Since they couldn't
communicate with Earth, they had no warnings. The Base also didn't have any detectors. There were
no contingencies for total disconnect from Earth. He suspected an X–class solar flare, the strongest
type, had occurred, catapulting one billion ton of coronal mass ejection and high–energy protons
their way, with energies over one hundred million electron volts. These protons easily penetrated
their spacesuits. [122] [20]
16 June 2039, 07:01 UTC, ILB, the Moon
Holly, Trenton and Claude lay in the Health Module. It had been week since their incident. They
were fighting radiation sickness from their exposure to the solar flare's proton storm. Dr. Linda
Chadwick cared for them and made sure they took all their medications. They

Flare-Up Case Study
DOI: 06/04/2007. Patient is a 66–year–old male baggage service agent who felt pain in his right
shoulder after lifting bags. As per OMNI notes, patient is status post right shoulder decompression.
Per the Orthopedic AME Supplemental report dated 11/05/19, IW has 3% whole person impairment
rating for his bilateral shoulders. Per OMNI payment screen, last PT session was on 07/28/16.
Based on the medical report dated 12/29/16, the patient is having flare–up in his bilateral shoulders
with pain on the left 6/10 and on the right 8/10. It is worse with reaching up and certain other
activities. He is avoiding medications. He has had very good experience with physical therapy in the
past and would like some sessions to treat his flare–up. He also needs

Flare Fragrance Inc Essay
Executive Summary This marketing plan isprepared for the case study of Flare Fragrance Inc which
operates in the U.S women fragrance market, currently its growth to maturity stage.External
analysis has identified political, economical, social, technological and naturalfactors affecting the
fragrance market. Most significant being declining U.S fragrance market and trend of tradingof
luxury brands to mass alternative, post 2008 financial crisis.Industry analysis identified the U.S
fragrance industryto be low in attractiveness. Critical success factors includes originality and
innovation, prestige image, meaningful consumer experience, good distribution network and,
relationship with retailers. Flare's portfolio consist of fragrances ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, not observed as a trend in the life cycle. It can be concluded that market is at the growth–
maturity stage. 3.0. Situation Analysis 4.1. External Environment (External Analysis) 4.2.1. Macro
environment (PESTN analysis) POLITICAL AND LEGAL | * To avoid replication or counterfeit,
fragrance formulas remain known only to the creators and are protected under the intellectual
property laws (IFRA, n.d.). | ECONOMIC | * Economic crisis resulting in overall decline of sales in
the fragrances market. * Slow economic growth rate and reduced purchasing power of consumers. *
Due to economic pressure, consumers seem to be trading down from luxury brands to mass
alternatives. * Exchange rates and fluctuations (declining US dollar), making it more risky and
expensive to expand to the overseas market. | SOCIAL AND CULTURE | * Increasing preference
for lower–priced scented products (body washes, sprays) or skin care products as to fragrances. *
Rising popularity and trend of celebrity and designer fragrances. * Increasing consumers seeking for
environmentally safer or 'green' products. | TECHNOLOGY | * Improving technical knowledge on
identification, purification, and chemical synthesis of scent, allows natural aromas to be re–created.
Advantage of synthetic materials is that purity can be strictly controlled and contaminants–free
(IFRA, n.d.). | NATURAL | * Some fragrances today still use

Solar Space Weather
Jessica Libman
ESS 102
Research Paper Draft
Space Weather in Interplanetary Space
Solar flares, Coronal mass ejections, high speed solar wind, and solar energetic particles, all driven
by the solar magnetic field (Solar).
Solar flares produce X–Rays for a few minutes or hours and produce more radiation that the total
amount of light in infrared or visible light. Not likely for planets near flare stars to have life (102
book). Solar flares are intense bursts of radiation coming from the release of magnetic energy
associated with sunspots. They release photons at almost every wavelength in the electromagnetic
spectrum (Solar). The Earth is only affected by solar flares when they occur on the side of the sun
facing Earth because they are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The outer solar atmosphere, the corona, is created by magnetic fields. When the fields close, the
confined solar atmosphere can suddenly violently release bubbles of gas and magnetic fields. A
coronal mass ejection can contain a billion tons of matter that can move at millions of miles per
hour (Solar). Solar energetic particles are released by shocks at the front of Coronal mass ejections
and solar flares. When a coronal mass ejection flows through the solar wind, high velocity solar
energetic particles are produced. They are charged so they follow the magnetic lines between the
Sun and Earth (Solar). Flow of charged particles called "solar wind" (Bergman). Space is filled with
magnetic fields which controls the solar winds (Bergman). High speed solar winds flow through
coronal holes that can form anywhere on the sun and usually only affect the Earth when they are
near the solar equator. The winds range from 800,000 to 5 million miles per hour, carrying a million
tons of matter from the Sun every second with a bout 100 particles per cubic inch

Gas Flaring And Its Effects On The World
OVERVIEW/BACKGROUND Gas flaring is the deliberate and controlled burning of natural gas
which is produced from drilling and production operations. According to the World Bank, the
countries which flare the most natural gas in descending order include; Russia, Nigeria, Iran, Iraq
and most recently the U.S. jumped to number 5 on the list due to the recent oil boom in the Bakken
shale in North Dakota and production operations in Wyoming. The rest of the countries that flare
gas at an alarming rate include, Algeria, Kazakhstan, Angola, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.
Furthermore, according to the World Bank, oil production plants around the globe burn
approximately 140 billion m3 (~4.9 trillion ft3) on an annual basis. This permits more than 300
million tons of CO2 gas to be emitted into the atmosphere. These numbers bring to light the
economic and environmental impacts that flaring has on the world today. From an economic
perspective, gas flaring is viewed by many as a wasteful form of resource management, as
calculations done by the World Bank show that the yearly amount of gas flared makes up about
three–quarters of Russia's gas exports. Putting that into perspective, it is enough gas to feed a third
of the EU's natural gas consumption needs for a year (Ebrahim, et. al, 2013). On an environmental
level, gas flaring contributes to the rise of global warming which impacts climate change due to the
emissions of CO2, black carbon and other related pollutants. This dire phenomenon

Nasa 's Top Secret Project
David Graumann
Ess 102
Science Fiction paper
5/5/17
The year of 2045, our journey has started. Hundred and one. That's the number of people who were
allowed for this trip. The beginning of our journey was not so pleasant. It was more like 'forced.' It
was all started from the gigantic space rock passing by coincidently decided to fly into the trajectory
of the Earth in 2045. Luckily, this was not too bad. Why? NASA's top secret project to space travel
site was on the other side of the Earth. If you are wondering why this project was done in private,
the answer to it is that NASA has anticipated this huge space rock was going to hit the Earth long
long time ago. Also, with the technology we have, it was quite obvious that the Earth would ... Show
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It helps with the rocket equation by increasing the M_fuel and lower the M_rocket after fuel is used.
Using Saturn V, it creates 7.5 million pounds of thrust in the first stage, which takes 2 min 42
seconds to be at 42 miles up in the sky.[5] This is all we needed to start with. After we use the dark
energy system to speed up the spaceship. Before 2045, the fuel source was the only problem that we
could not solve. Eating, radiation, time, and etcetera we have found solutions to these problems we
had to deal with in order to travel successfully. First, food problem was solved by the encapsulating
nutritions required for us to live. All the food we used to consume was substituted by this capsule.
Each day we just need to take one food capsule. Because of the procedure to make this capsule was
so easy from the new environment tolerant plant, which could extract all nutrition we need off it.
With high regeneration cell rate of the plant, even though we extract nutritions out of it, it regenerate
back quickly. From this discovery, almost unlimited food source was possible. With the food
problem, water which is must have source for us to live, cannot be excluded. With water, not only
the source for us to

The Physics Of The Solar Flare
The solar flare came at a very inopportune time, yet not unexpected considering the sun is currently
at the peak of its 11 year sunspot cycle [11]. Somehow the station maintained all power and
communications with the U.S., but the X–ray and radio waves from the flare impacted
communications with Moscow, where their asteroid detection telescopes are located [11]. This is
likely because the ionosphere above Moscow was affected the most by the flare's x–rays, thereby
disturbing its radio communications [11]. It is very hard to prepare for a solar flare though,
considering it only takes around 8 minutes for the high energy photons to reach earth, which is why
John was not surprised to have been caught unaware [11]. If it had happened at any other time, John
wouldn't have been too worried because the Planetary Defense Coordination Office branch of
NASA is able to detect any imminent threats with at least a week or two advanced warning. This is
plenty of warning for the high powered laser that obliterates smaller asteroids and alters the course
of larger ones; however, the circumstances are different in this case.
Just two days prior, John had received a transmission from the Russian base in Moscow that they
had detected an incoming asteroid posed to strike Earth, but as they were about to transfer the
coordinates of the asteroid to John, the solar flare's radiation struck the Earth's ionosphere and cut
off the communication with Moscow. This asteroid was what people in John's

The Science That Is Connected With Planet Earth
Geomagnetic Storms
Introduction
The science that is connected with planet earth encompasses Earth Science among others.
Geomagnetic storms, also known as a magnetic storm, a solar storm, or space weather is a
disturbance in the Earth 's magnetic field (magnetosphere) caused by energy and flows of charged
elements or plasma from the Sun. Solar storms come in a variety of forms, each capable of
distinguishing brands of possible danger. Most magnetic storms are aimed away from Earth, but
when a storm positions in our direction, space weathermen begin to analyze what sort of space
weather it may produce, and how soon to anticipate the chaos [Wisconsin State Journal. P.A2].
Deliberation
What starts a geomagnetic storm is an event called solar flares or an extremely large cloud of solar
material called a coronal mass ejection (CME). When these charged particles get near the earth's
magnetic field, due to the increased magnitudes in solar wind, the magnetic field accelerates
towards the geomagnetic poles, therefore causing the phenomena called aurora borealis or northern
lights. The other effect of a magnetic storm causes the geomagnetic field to become highly unstable
due to the change and distribution of density, as a result, the ions in the earth's ionosphere become
agitated, resulting in disorder; a massive disruption in our technical systems [Wisconsin State
Journal P.A2]. The Sun's temperature shows a discrepancy on an 11–year solar cycle that is defined
by the increasing

The Discovery Of Space Weather
For my science fiction I will be writing a story through mission logs or a first person view of a
captain and his crew of astronauts who have their trajectory thrown off and now are way off track.
Not only this, but the crews new plasma thrusters have malfunctioned and the crew will be unable to
get back on track until it is repaired. The cause of their navigational errors will be an unusual solar
wind that creates a geomagnetic storm that affects the people on Earth and electrical disturbances to
the people in the spacecraft. Unsure of what to do, the crew will have to work together and hope
they can get ways to solve the issue from Earth too return home. Space Weather is exactly what it
sounds like, it's the weather of the space environments which are mainly cause by the interactions
solar winds from the sun with our Earth [1] (NOAA). Just like how the weather in the Troposphere
and the Stratosphere, which is just what people normally think of weather, affects our daily lives,
space weather has an equal potential to affect our lives. The reasoning for this is that as we become
more space reliant with the use of satellites for our phones, television and GPS, the potential for
space weather to actually have an impact on these things increase and will continue to potential
cause troubles in the future. Space weather not only affects our orbiting objects, but it can affect
things on the surface of our planet and others by affecting our power grid, which is vital for our

Solar Flares and Its Contribution to Global Warming
Abstract This paper talks about the solar flares and how they go on to cause global warming. Global
warming has been an ongoing phenomenon and there are many reasons it has occurred. Apart from
the green house effect, global warming could have been due to the solar flares that have occurred.
Different researches and theories regarding this matter are discussed in the paper. Solar Flare Global
warming is a phenomenon that has amazed and frightened everyone ever since it came into being.
The consequences and end results of global warming is what goes on to alarm and frighten everyone
on earth. If looked at it literally, global warming is basically in increase in the temperature of the
Earth's atmosphere. This change and elevation has been occurring ever since the 19th century and is
known to increase even more. The change in the global temperature is dangerous because it goes
onto increase the sea levels and alterations precipitation, melting of glacier and possible risks of
floods around the world. Global warming can even cause a spread of the deserts (Lu, Vecchi and
Reichler 6) People have come with varied causes of global warming. Some natural causes are the
release of methane gas from the wetlands and the arctic tundra. It has been proposed that the
temperature of the earth is influenced by the activities that man carries out. (Michaels 222) Others
have proposed that this is due to the climate change that the earth goes through after a certain
amount of time.

Coronal Mass Ejection Essay
Coronal Mass Ejection also known as CME is usually created around the sun's surface by magnetic
reconnection. CME is a large bubble of gas and magnetic field lines that are emerged from the sun.
There isn't a full proven understanding of how CME's occur but Astronomers have come to a theory
that because the sun is a fluid, the turbulence gets kinks that get shot out into space in any direction
as a superheated gas. The gas that is ejected from the sun is made of protons and electrons carried
through solar winds. This gas is known as plasma and can accelerate over 1 million miles per hour
and reach Earth that is 93 million miles away in less than 4 days. When the sun is most active
Coronal Mass Ejections can happen multiple times per day however, it usually occurs once every 5
days. Its definition is the effect on earth if a massive event in the result of struggling to survive. This
refers to a specific form of continuing education that helps those in the medical field, maintain
competence and learn about the new and developing area in their own field of work. Content for
these programs is developed, reviewed, and delivered by faculty who are experts in their individual
clinical areas. These activities may take place in live events, written applications, electronic media,
online programs, video, or audio. Any potentially conflicting financial relationships for faculty
members must be both disclosed and resolved in a useful way. A CME drives a shock wave which
could

Analysis Of The Man In Mccarthy's The Road
In a world that was changed by chaos, The Man remained the same man from the beginning of the
novel until the end. Throughout his journey on The Road, The Man's dedication to the survival of
The Boy and never faltered, and stayed constant no matter what life threw at him. The Man ended
his expedition on The Road the same man as when he started it.
At the beginning of the novel, the reader is introduced to the one defining character trait of The
Man: his devotion to his son. This concept is a staple in The Man's personality, and greatly affects
his actions. We see his devotion through small acts like how The Man sleeps with The Boy to keep
him warm and how The Boy always drinks, eats, and bathes before The Man. The reader sees a
larger example of this commitment when a "bad guy" threatened The Boy with a knife. The Man
swiftly and ruthlessly shot the man who "fell back instantly and lay with blood bubbling from the
hole in his forehead." (McCarthy.). Rather than simply incapacitating the bad guy, The Man made
sure that at least that man would never be able to hurt or threaten The Boy again. The Man is not
only devoted to his son, but he is committed to his goals of heading South. Even though they made
some stops along the way, the idea of getting South and to the shore never wavered from The Man's
head. The intensity that The Man devoted to protecting The Boy continued as their journey did.
When someone started shooting the two men with arrows, the readers were treated to

Case Study FLARE FRAGRANCE
Table of contents Page
1 Situation analysis / Problem statement 2
2 Introduction – Flare Fragrance (Company Background) 2
3 SWOT Analysis 3
4 Objectives and Financial Analysis 5
5 Marketing MIX 7
6 Recommendations and Implementation 9
7 Conclusion 11
8 References 12
1. Situation analysis / Problem statement
Flare Fragrance is facing in declining of growth rate in 2008 where the CFO estimated year–end
numbers projected only 2% growth in 2008. Compare to 2007, sales had risen 12% which was much
better than in 2008. An analysis of 2009 strategic initiatives had launched by the CEO, Joely
Patterson with determination to make 2009 better ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Target customer being 18–34 aged group women, for whom the name would ne definitely catchy.
3. If attached with Loveliest. There could be more benefits.
4. There are fair chances of the sales growth.
5. Customers loyal to the brand "Loveliest" will be drawn towards Savvy too.
WEAKNESS
1. Launching a new product has risk factors attached to it.
2. Cannibalization of current sales will also include certain risk in it.
3. Price is at a higher side.
4. Focus has to be put completely on it as the promotions and advertising would take a lot of efforts.
OPPORTUNITY
1. Target a new customer segment that id young and always ready to try something new and
exciting.
2. Being in the Prestige category, there is a chance to be accepted by the Innovators, Achievers,
Thinkers and Believers, as per the VALS framework.
3. After success in the Prestige category, other VAL's zone and also can come up with other varieties

to suit different age groups.
4. Apart from welcoming an innovated product, this can also build good relationships with the
department store.
5. Stagnation of the product is also prevented.
THREAT
1. Dulcet Brand could give a tough competition.
2. There is already a pool of competitors in the market.
3. The financial state of Flare is also at a poor situation. The need to carefully plan the ad and promo
part for launching a new product.
4. There has been a declination in the sales, It a challenge for Savvy.
5. Failure could prove to be an

The Science Of The Earth Essay
Introduction
The science that is connected with planet earth encompasses geosciences or earth science among
others. Containing old histories, this is considered as a part of planetary science while it possesses
holistic and reductionist approaches in the science of the planet Earth. This discipline can cope with
lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere or hydrosphere. Quantitative understanding has been developed
by the scientists to understand the ground systems with the tools by mathematics, physics,
chronology, biology, chemistry alike that help to know how the universe is evolved.
Deliberations
According to a news release from NASA, coronal mass ejections caused by geomagnetic storms
have been enhanced in strength; as from G1 to G5, they were rated G3 in 2012. The earth planet is
surrounded and by bubbles of magnetic fields while rapid changes in the earth magnetosphere were
witnessed due to activities that happened on sun that caused a geomagnetic storm. With earth's
magnetic fields, coronal mass ejections were mingled; as a result, the wind became mild in intensity
reported in the month of March in the corresponding year (Philips, 2009).
On the other hand, the geomagnetic storms have been intensified and enhanced in their frequency as
magnetic fields of coronal mass ejections indulges with that of the earth that causes change of
direction and leave more radiation and magnetic energy into the environment of the planet earth.
Solar Hemispheric Observatory and Solar

Causes And Effects Of Solar Storms
A solar storm with that classification can produce long–lasting radiation storms which can damage
satellites and even damage influence airline passengers that fly near the polls. The small radiation
doses produced as well by X–class flares also hold the potential to create global transmission
problems and worldwide blackouts. When solar flares are produced from the sun, radiation is
emitted across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, starting at radio waves at the long end of the
spectrum to x–ray and gamma rays at the short wavelength end. The beta and gamma radiation
produced from the solar flare influence the semiconductors present in most electronic systems in
today's technology. When the radiation passes through the semiconductor is can have two major
effects: one is to make electron–hole pairs which may create soft errors and, if the radiation is
produced in a sufficient amount permanent damage can be caused by creating large numbers of
charges with sufficient energy injected into silicon dioxide regions and change the characteristics of
the transistor. Not only can solar radiation damage small components but can damage a large part of
the power grid. When a geomagnetic storm hits the earth the produced electromagnetic energy from
the solar wind causes geomagnetically induced currents. This is similar to the process of when an
electrical generator produces electricity, the currents produced by the solar storm are a geo electric
field but have a magnetic field the same

Wicked's Experiments In The Flare By James Dashner
The theme of the book is about the Gladers trying to survive the next round of experiments, that
WICKED is making them do. After the Gladers got out of the Maze, they landed in a even more
terrifying situation. Having found that they were apart of an ongoing experiment, WICKED. Wicked
explained that they were collecting crucial data and establishing brain patterns that would hopefully
help they find the key to saving the world – a world that has been scorched dry and destroyed by
disease and environmental disaster. "Due to intense solar flares, civilization has fell into chaos as
people have got a highly damaging disease called The Flare, slowly turning them into insane, flesh–
hungry murderers, or cranks" (Dashner, 113). All of WICKED's manipulations

Evaluation Of A Chemical Called Mineral Spirits 75 And We...
We are looking for a chemical called Mineral Spirits 75 and we are evaluating one of three Citgo
Refining companies the Citgo Refinery in Lemont, IL, and applying their sustainability practices to
the Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines to determine if this company is suitable
supplier for the chemical we are looking for. The EHS guidelines are a series of documents that
gives of examples of Good International Industry Practice for short GIIP. These guidelines contain
levels and expectations that are considered to be met in the facility with current equipment and
costs. In total there are eight performance standards in the EHS guidelines but at this time I will go
in depth with performance standards 3 and 4 to decide if Citgo ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As stated before, the company we chose to research is the Citgo Refinery in Lemont, IL and we
want a solvent called Mineral Spirits 75 which is an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent. This solvent is
considered to be hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).
The main objective of this performance standard is to lessen or completely stop the adverse negative
impacts on human health and the environment we live in. This can be achieved by minimizing
pollution from production factories or other project activities. Another objective in this standard is
to reduce the effects of GHG emissions. I will investigate.
Resource Efficiency/Pollution Prevention
It is important to efficiently use your resources. "It is an essential part of business sustainability."
(MSA) Consequently reducing energy use will reduce fuel consumption which will reduce the initial
cost of a company as well as performing good acts of environmental sustainability. The Citgo
Lemont Refinery has taken lead in environmental and safety in the community by introducing the
Community Awareness Emergency Response Council and the Odor Alert Network, which is the first
municipality in Illinois to establish a management system to respond to odor complaints according
to the Lemont Illinois website. (Citgo Refining) With these in effect it allowed the refinery to
construct a bond with surrounding communities and local emergency responders. This refinery has a

Oil And Gas Companies Drill For Oil
When the oil and gas companies drill for oil, they also get a byproduct of drilling is natural gas. This
gas can be used to generate power and then those power can resell as electricity; but this conversion
process requires a lot of investment such as pipelines, power plants, and infrastructure. However
some oil Company just sell the oil and burn the gas because it's cheap compare to extract it, which is
called gas flaring. Flaring and venting of natural gas is a wasted resource from an economic
viewpoint and also responsible for polluting the environment. Every year, roughly about 140–150
billion cubic meters (bcm) of natural gas is flared into the atmosphere which account for 1% of
global carbon emissions gas flaring. Gas flaring is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pollutants from the flaring at these sites are SO_X, CO_X, HC, VOC, NO_X, CH_X and PM. In
order to reduce or eliminate these pollutants several options are considered; these are "gas to liquid
(GTL) production, electricity generation with a gas turbine and, compression and injection into the
refinery pipelines."(Jokar,204) Figure 1: Volume of gas flaring
What is flaring?
Flaring is a process for burning off natural gas that is associated with crude oil pumped from the
ground. It is inefficient process with the efficiency of the flare depending of factors such as
composition of the flare stream, flow rate of the gas to be flared, wind velocity, turbulence, presence
of hydrocarbons and water droplet sin the stream. The composition of flared gas is mostly "Natural
gas, pro–pane, ethylene, propylene, butadiene and butane."(Ismail 291) The goal of flaring is to
reduce the substances of the flare gas to their safest form through oxidation. However the main
reason for flaring is because of the lack of infrastructure or ability to harness the natural gas as an
energy source. "According to the World Bank [3], the annual volume of natural gas flared or vented
in the world for the year 2003 amounted to more than 100 billion cubic meters which represents the
annual gas consumption of France and Germany combined."(Rahimpour, 204) A flow chart of a
typical shale well is given in Figure 2. As mentioned above flaring produces numerous pollutants,
and their

The Maze Runner by James Dashner
Great sun flares, killing much of the population of earth, brought great destruction. These flares,
combined with a cureless disease become known as the Flare in this futuristic science–fiction novel,
killed many people and leave the rest in an animal–like state, forgetting all basic human behavior.
Because of these flares, a group of scientists have formed together into WICKED (World in
Catastrophe: Killzone Experiment Department.) This group would do anything to find the cure to
the Flare, even if it requires great sacrifice. They ultimately decided to pull children from this
horrible place the world had come to. These children had high intelligence and great physical ability.
They were ultimately be put to the test to discover who would be intelligent to find the cure to the
Flare. After they were taken from their home, they were forced to attend a special school that taught
them the skills they needed to survive the Maze. Once they were ready, all of their memories, except
their survival skills, were swiped. They then were sent in a metal elevator to the Glade – a large
space surrounded by a great maze – first in one, large group; after that, they were sent one at a time,
once a month. The Gladers were given basics, such as clothes, materials to make food, etc.
However, they were expected to grow and make the food, build what needed building, and so on.
They did as they were expected and thrived on order and justice for 2 years. This order would soon
be drastically

A Brief Note On Google Self Driving Car
Google Self–Driving Car is the first of autonomous cars successfully made today, developed by
Google X as part of its project to develop mainly electric cars. The technology in Google's cars is
named Google Chauffeur. The project was led by Sebastian Thrun, former director of the Stanford
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co–inventor of Google Street View. Thrun 's team at Stanford
created the first self–driving vehicle named Stanley, which was the only car that won the 2005
DARPA Challenge, a $2 million prize from the United States Department of Defense. There were 15
engineers working on this project for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and
Anthony Levandowski who had worked on the DARPA Grand and Urban ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The more unpredictable issues is with powerful natural phenomenon. The On September 1, 1859, an
astronomer named Richard Carrington used his private observatory attached to his country estate
outside of London. When he looked up at the sun with it one day, he noticed and began to sketch a
cluster of enormous dark spots that freckled the sun's surface. Out of nowhere Carrington saw a
"two patches of intensely bright white light" erupting from the sunspots after 5 minutes later, it
disappeared, he did not know how important this discovery was because within hours the whole
world would know it happened. That same night telegraph communications around the world failed
there were reports of sparks showering from machines, shocking operators and setting papers on
fire. All over the planet, colorful auroras (norther lights) illuminated the night sky; glowing so
brightly that birds started to chirp and people started working, because they thought that is was
morning. Imagine if something like that hit today. All electronics would fail, and you are self–
driving car and if

Are We Too Dependent on Technology? Essay
Are We Too Dependent on Technology?
Eric Tracy ENG 122 Angela Temple May 3rd, 2010
Are We Too Dependent on Technology? If you were to ask somebody what a computer was sixty
years ago they would look at you look at you puzzled. Now days it is hard to find a household or
office in America that does not contain at least one personal computer. With all of this information
at our finger tips, we have to ask ourselves if we are becoming too dependent on technology.
Imagine if we were to wake up tomorrow with all electronic devices disabled. Everybody's life
would be impacted in one way or another. We would lose what has become the largest portal for
communication. We would also lose countless information that has ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A lot of people believe that we are not too dependent on technology. I spoke to my brother; he stated
we just utilize it like we would automobiles or anything else like that. There is no denying the
benefits of technology, however, I believe we should not get ahead of ourselves. Over the last fifty
years our civilization has changed dramatically. Communication with friends and family has
become as easy as the click of the mouse. Also we have saved countless trees by using electronic
mail instead of paper mail. I agree that it is in our best interest to continue to use technology in the
future. However, I feel that we all should get into the mindset of having a contingency plan in case
we lose it. It is hard to go anywhere now days without interacting with a computer. A lot of jobs now
require that you fill out applications on the internet. It has also become crucial that you have basic
computer skills to be employed in any office setting. In 1994 only 3% of public schools had internet
access. In just over ten years in 2005 that number had jumped to 94% of all public schools now
having internet access. (US Department of Education) This just goes to show how fast technology is
really growing. I feel that we are way to acceptant of something new and need to realize the
repercussions before jumping right in. So many people rely on technology in their everyday lives. It
could be from using your cell

The Effect Of Solar Flare Activity
One year ago today, an increase in solar flare activity generated large geomagnetic storms that
produced massive amounts of space lightning, resulting in unbelievable amounts of electromagnetic
energy. With the storms focused over the continental United States, they were the first to lose power
when the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) hit. All electronics ceased functioning and panic ensued.
With no way to withdraw funds or record transactions, virtually all financial activity came to a
screeching halt. As the storms grew the rest of the world was affected in the same manner. Now,
read about the effects this natural disaster has had, not only on the financial system, but on the value
of money as we know it.
Before the solar storms began, we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not only did we have coins and bills but there was also the creation of checks, a single piece of
paper meant to represent a written in amount, and debit and credit cards that allowed purchased to
be made with the simple swipe of a card.
Money as a unit of account was the standard "way of measuring value in the economy in terms of
money" (Hubbard, 2012, p. 28). It was much easier to compare the cost of two items when they
were paid for with the same type of currency. If you were interested in purchasing one of two new
couches, how could you determine which was the better value if one costs a dozen bushels of apples
and the other costs one healthy cow? It would take a little work, especially if there was not already
some pre–determined exchange rate, as there was with foreign currency.
As a store of value, money allowed for the "accumulation of wealth by holding dollars or other
assets that [could] be used to buy goods and services" (Hubbard, 2012, p. 29). It allowed a person to
'store' his or her wealth, without worrying that it would spoil, like the apples and vegetables would
have. Though, if they weren't careful it could lose value due to inflation.
Money's final function as a method of deferred payment was "the characteristic of money by which
it facilitate[d] exchange over time" (Hubbard, 2012, p. 29). It made it plausible for an individual or

Sunspot Research Paper
Sunspots are dark, irregularly shaped regions at the surface of the sun, typically lasting over a
couple of weeks or months. Sunspots are generally cooler than the photosphere that surrounds it,
hence why they appear darker. This cooler characteristic is caused by intense magnetic field activity,
associated with sunspots, which prevents the convection of heat to the surface.
The number of sunspots on the surface and their size changes over time, in a cycle of approx. eleven
years. Intense sunspot activity, which results in a high exchange of energy from the sun to the Earth,
is associated with geomagnetic storms, which disrupt communications and power transmissions.
A rise in sunspot activity causes solar eruptions (flares). These eruptions

Oil And Gas Companies Drill For Oil
Introduction
When the oil and gas companies drill for oil, they also get a byproduct of drilling is natural gas. This
gas can be used to generate power and then those power can resell as electricity; but this conversion
process requires a lot of investment such as pipelines, power plants, and infrastructure. However
some oil Company just sell the oil and burn the gas because it's cheap compare to extract it, which is
called gas flaring. Flaring and venting of natural gas is a wasted resource from an economic
viewpoint and also responsible for polluting the environment. Every year, roughly about 140–150
billion cubic meters (bcm) of natural gas is flared into the atmosphere which account for 1% of
global carbon emissions gas flaring. Gas flaring is most "commonly used during petroleum refining
and chemical processing for safe disposal of waste gases during process upsets, plant start–up or
shutdown and process emergencies." (Ismail 290) Flaring started in order to ensure safe operations
at production facilities as well as minimize undesirable venting.
Mitigating and replacing flaring in the production of oil and gas is of great importance as "Global
flaring and venting of natural gas is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions and airborne
pollutants."(Davoudi,7) In order to understand the impacts of flaring several studies looking at
different regions around the world were considered for this paper. These include the Campeche
Sound in Mexico, China, Nigeria,

A Report On The Phoenix Aurora
Jessica Godoy
816616470
ASTR 109
Joanna Gore
The Phoenix Aurora In the middle of a September night in 2015, Iceland's dancing skies put on a
spectacular show. At around 3:30 am, the flash of a massive phoenix made an appearance and was
gone just as fast. This astronomical phenomenon is called an aurora. The vibrant lights that move
across the dark skies attract the attention of many stargazers, tourists, and astronomers. As a result
of the large attraction, astronomers have studied the interaction between the earth's atmosphere,
magnetic field, and the suns energy. The sun is a vital piece to our planet – it provides us with
energy, warmth, food and auroras! The sun is an average star in size and is currently in the main
sequence stage of its life. There are many parts to our sun, which begins at the core. The core is
where the sun's energy derives from, fusing hydrogen to helium. The outer regions of the core is
where the energy travels outward through radiation, then convection, and finally out through the
solar atmosphere. The solar atmosphere consists of three classified parts, a photosphere,
chromosphere, and corona. The drama that unfolds on the chromosphere and corona play a major
role in auroras. Particularly, a massive solar flare classified as a coronal mass ejection. A coronal
mass ejection is a type of solar flare that "occur when magnetic fields pointing in opposite directions
release energy by interacting with and destroying each other... their magnetic

A Brief Note On The Defence Meteorological Satellite Program

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