book

1. m i g e l d e s e r v a n t e s
s a a v e d r a
maxvilgonieri
idalgo
d o n
k i x o t
lamanCeli
wigni
I
gamomcemloba <<saqarTvelo>> Tbilisi 1992

2. 5
migel de servantes saavedra
(1547_1616)
samas ocdaTxuTmeti wlis winaT madridSi wyalmankisagan gardaicvala
yvela droisa da xalxis erT-erTi udidesi mwerali, `d o n k i x o t i s ~
saxelganTqmuli avtori _ m i g e l d e s e r v a n t e s s a a v e d r a.
migel servantesi daibada 1547 wels 29 seqtembers, madridis axlos,
qalaq alkala de henaresSi.
migelis garda mSoblebs hyavdaT ori qali _ andrea da luiza, da vaJi
_ rodrigo.
servantesis bavSvobisa da yrmobis xana wyvdiadiTaa moculi. bevri ara-
feria cnobili, garda imisa, rasac TviTon gakvriT mogviTxrobs `don kixo-
tis~ pirvel nawilSi. bavSvobidanve moeqca igi sastiki siRatakisa da kidev
ufro mkacri siamayis atmosferoSi, rac Cveulebrivi movlena iyo maSindeli
espaneTis Zvelebur, gakotrebul aznaurTa ojaxebSi. misive sityviT,
cnobismoyvare da cqvit bavSvs Zalian uyvarda quCis momReralTa mosmena,
moxetiale msaxiobTa warmodgenebis cqera, agrovebda nabeWd qaRaldTa
faratinebs, gafacicebiT da xarbad kiTxulobda yovel najRabn striqons.
foqroben, servantesma pirveldawyebiTi swavla mSobliur qalaq alkalaSi
miiRo, Semdeg Sevida salamankis universitetSi (romelic maSin cnobili iyo
mTels espaneTsa da evropaSic) da iq iuridiul mecnierebas swavlobdao.
salamankaSi axlac uCveneben adgils, sadac TiTqos idga saxli, romelSic
gaatara servantesma studentobis dro. magram yvelaferi es dausabuTebelia.
saerTod, misi cxovrebis pirveli oci weli kargad araa Seswavlili. albaT,
servantesis mama, Raribi dastaqari rodrigo samuSaos saZebnelad qalaqidan
qalaqSi daxetialobda da 1560 _ 1568 wlebSi mTeli ojaxi ukve madridSi
cxovrobda. ufrosi Svili rodrigo flandriaSi iyo, mefis jarSi.
1568 wels servantesi gamoCenil humanistis xuan lopes de oiosis
mowafea. oiosi salamankidan sasaxleSi miiwvies da migelic Tan waiyvana
madrids. gonebagaxsnil ymawvils adre gaeRviZa SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis
wyurvili. 1569 wels lopes de oioss daavales Seedgina alegoriebi da
devizebi mefe filipe meoris colis, udrood gardacvlili dedoflis
elisabed (izabela) valuas katafalkis Sesamkobad. man TanaSemwed airCia
Tavisi zogierTi mowafe, maT Soris migelic. migelma dawera epitafia, soneti
da elegia. lopes de oiosi servantess uwodebda `Zvirfassa da sayvarel
mowafes~ da mudam imeorebda, migels araCveulebrivi unari da niWi aqvs,
swavluli iqneba da saxels gaiTqvams, _ gaxdeba mecnieri, gamoCenili
RvTismetyveli, anda leqsebis mweralio. im xanebSi dawera servantesma patara
pastoraluri poema `filena~, ramdenime soneti da romansi, romlebsac
Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.
maSindeli madridi arafriT ar gavda myudro qalaq alkalas, madridSi
arnaxuli oromtriali da Rrianceli idga ganuwyvetliv.
filipe mefe, naxevari zRvadaxmeleTis mpyrobeli, ulmoblad sdevnida
sakuTar Svils, ufliswul don karloss (1545_1568). ambobdnen, don karlosi
ewinaaRmdegeba mamas da mis despotur politikas ar iziarebs, saidumlod l u

3. 6
T e r i s1 mimdevariao. amas ki pilipe aravis apatiebda. igi koconiTa da
devna-wvalebiT cdilobda daSlis gzaze damdgari monarqiis SenarCunebas.
mamisagan dapyrobil samflobeloebSi cecxliTa da maxviliT nergavda
kaTolikur sarwmunoebas.
im ambebis gaxseneba, rac sasaxleSi xdeboda, sastikad iyo akrZaluli.
magram sasaxlis Sesaxeb xmebi da Worebi mainc saxlidan saxlSi gadadioda,
niaviviT irxeoda qalaqSi da aRwevda migelis yuramdisac.
taxtis memkvidre xeibari da naxevrad giJi don karlosi yvelaferSi ma-
mis winaaRmdegi iyo. erT dRes gaiges misi gegma _ flandriaSi gaqceva da
ajanyebul eretikosTa winamZRoloba. pilipe aRSfoTda. don karlosi daapati-
mres da marto Caketes sakanSi, sadac male gardaicvala. igi naCqarevad da
upatiurad damarxes. mefis brZanebiT sam dRes madrididan ar gauSviaT arc
erTi kaci.
ori Tvis Semdeg gardaicvala pilipe meoris axalgazrda coli, TviT
don karlosis yofili sacole, elisabedi. ucxoeTis samefoebma gangaSi
atexes. safrangeTis dedofali, elisabedis deda ekaterine mediCi, awyobda
don karlosis sapatio dauswrebel dakrZalvas, ugzavnida pilipes isteriul
werilebsa da SekiTxvebs. romis papic ar CamorCa mas, pilipes jibrze
marTavda don karlosis mosaxsenebel panaSvidebs, ugzavnida sagangebo elCebs
dasazverad...
da moulodnelad, papis mier mefe filipesTan samZimrisaTvis
gamogzavnili erT-erTi elCis _ kardinal julio aqvavivas Camosvlam
gansazRvra migel servantesis mTeli momavali. servantesma gaicno kardinali
da 1568 wlis damlevs Tu 1569 wlis damdegs, Tan gayva romSi kariskacad.
italiaSi dahyo servantesma 6_7 weli.
cnobismoyvare da daucxromeli gonebis Wabuki uqmad rodi iyo.
momavalSi didma mweralma sargeblianad gamoiyena romSi yofna, sazRvargareT
cxovrebis wlebi, Seiswavla italiuri ena, gadaikiTxa XV-XVI saukuneebis
italieli mwerlebi: torkvato taso, ariosto, sanaZaro, bembo, Cincio,
bandelo da sxv.
migeli pirvel xanebSi mTeli dReebi Tavisufali iyo, umiznod daxetia-
lobda romis quCebSi, guldasmiT aTvalierebda siZveleTa muzeumebs, suraTTa
galereebs, arqivebs, aRtacebaSi modioda romis warsuli didebis warmtaci
ZeglebiT, nangrevebis sidiadiT, xarbad ismenda italielTa xalisian saubars,
bevrs kiTxulobda, swavlobda. yvelafer amas adasturebs mis TxzulebebSi
gafantuli sayofacxovrebo dakvirvebebi da calkeuli Canawerebi.
aqvavivas jer sul miaviwyda Tavisi mdivani da mTel dReebs papTan aRa-
mebda. Semdeg gaixsena igi da datvirTa uamravi mosawyeni, damamcirebeli dava-
lebiT. julio aqvavivas mdidrul saxlSi buzebiviT ireodnen mliqvneli pat-
rebi, atrieli berebi, gavleniani eriskacebi: migels unda moexsenebina aqvavi-
vasaTvis, gaecilebina momvlelebi, gadaeca davalebani, moexada bodiSi da sxva.
magram cota xnis Semdeg kardinalis misaReb darbazebSi mosawyeni
politikuri saubrebi moulodnelad sayuradReboni gaxdnen misTvis.
1
Mmartin luTeri _ XVI saukunis germanuli reformatori (1483_1546), kaTolikuri eklesiis
mowinaaRmdege. igi jer TanaugrZnobda germanel glexTa oms (1524_1525), Semdeg miemxro
Tavadebs da moiTxovda meamboxeTa gaJletas.

4. 7
am dros xmelTaSua zRvaze mzaddeboda Sejaxeba TurqebTan, romlebic
didi xania emuqrebodnen zRvidan mTel samxreT evropas. Turqebma zedized
daipyres xmelTaSua zRvis ramdenime kunZuli da saWiro gaxda qristianul
saxelmwifoTa darazmva maT asalagmavad. magram safrangeTis mefes ar ecala
_ garTuli iyo Tavisufal moazrovne hugenotebis _ kaTolikuri eklesiis
mtrebis xocva-JletiT. avstriis imperators dro ar hqonda _ Sinauri
areuloba uSlida xels. inglisis dedofal elisabedisaTvis ar iyo
xelsayreli am omSi Careva, _ mis sanapiroebs ar emuqrebodnen Turqebi.
portugaliaSi Savi Wiri mZvinvarebda... sasowarkveTilebas eZleodnen italiis
mdidari respublikebi. maT aqamde, XVI saukunis meore naxevramde, xelT
epyraT xmelTaSua zRvisa da adriatikis mTavari bazebi. axla ki yvelafers
kargavdnen da Svelasac arsaidan moelodnen, roca uecrad uaxloesma
mezobelma da Zvelma mterma, romis papma, SesTavaza kavSiri da daxmareba.
romis papisTvis naTeli iyo, rom mezobeli veneciis ganadgureba misi
sakuTari daRupvac iqneboda. papTan erTad espaneTis mefe filipesac Tavisi
italiuri samflobeloebis dakargvis SeeSiunda da Sevida TurqTa
sawinaaRmdego kavSirSi.
roca gaerTianebuli Zalebis mTavarsardlad dainiSna saxelovani
meomari, pilipe meoris Zma don xuan avstrieli (1547-1578), da espaneTis qveiTma
legionebma iwyes dena italiis navsadgurebSi, servantesi daukiTxavad wavida
kardinalis saxlidan. quCaSi igi SemTxveviT Seeyara Zmas _ rodrigos,
romelic flandriidan Camoyoloda legions. migelic Zmis aseulSi Caewera da
ori kviris Semdeg, 1571 wlis 15 seqtembers, xomald `markezaTi~ mokavSireTa
flotTan erTad gaemarTnen mesinisaken.
1571 wlis 7 oqtombers ori mowinaaRmdegis floti pirispir Sexvda
erTmaneTs lepantosTan. brZola sam saaTs gagrZelda. asocdaaTi aTasi Turqi
daiRupa, rva aTasi daatyveves, xelT igdes asze meti xomaldi, ormocdaaTi
gaanadgures, oci aTasi mona qristiani gaanTavisufles TurqTa borkilebidan.
es iyo sruli gamarjveba.
lepantos brZolaSi gamarjvebam aRtacebis quxilad daigriala mTel
evropaSi, xolo espaneTis sasaxleSi gamarjvebulebs gulcivad Sexvdenen da
winaswar gadawyvites, ar gaenebivrebinaT isini jildoebiT.
mefe filipem damSvidebiT moismina sasixarulo ambavi da gulgrilad
SeniSna _ don xuanma moigo omi, magram misi wagebac xom SeeZloo. Turqebis
sisxli eretikosTa sisxlze iafi iyo. amasTan gamarjvebis dideba mis raind
Zmas _ don xuans ekuTvnoda. sneul pilipes ar uyvarda gamoCenili vaJkaci.
servantesi ugrZnobel mdgomareobaSi gaiyvanes brZolis velidan. didi
vaJkacoba gamoiCina. yvelaze gadamwyveti Setakebis dros, mZafri ciebisagan
gaTanguli, loginidan wamodga, baqanze barbaciT gamovida. kapitnisa da
amxanagebis rCevas yuri ar ugdo da mxolod erTs moiTxovda: damayeneT
yvelaze saxifaTo adgilas, sadac brZoliT sikvdili SemeZlebao. Semdeg far-
xmali moimarjva da pirveli gadaxta mtris xomaldze, gaafTrebiT ibrZoda
da, miuxedavad imisa, rom marcxena mxari tyviam daumsxvia, mainc moaswro
TurqTa droSis Camogleja. am dros ori tyvia TiTqmis erTbaSad moxvda
mkerdSi da grZnoba dakarga. isRa moaswro daenaxa: admiralis xomaldis
maRal anZaze aRmarTes grZel Subze wamogebuli Turqebis mTavarsardlis
alifaSas mokveTili Tavi, Semdeg bind-bundad moesma ramdenime zarbaznis
griali da gamarjvebis omaxiani yiJina...

5. 8
Wrilobebi metad mZime iyo. isev daubrunda cieba. abodebda, veravis
cnobda. Semdgom amxanagebi mouTxrobdnen mas, rom mokavSireTa flotis
mTavarsardalma don xuan avstrielma, inaxula daWrili gmiri da Seaqo
guladi da mamaci meomari migel de servantes saavedra.
samkurnalod q. mesinaSi gagzavnes.
Sinidan unugeSo ambebi modioda: alkalas saxli da patara ezo valSi
gaeyidaT. ambebi modioda madrididan, seveliidan, valiadolidan, moxuci mama
_ rodrigo adgilidan adgilze gadadioda, uCioda siRaribes. sibereSi
xeloba gamoicvala, sasamarTlos mrCeveli gaxda. servantesi itanjeboda.
aqamde ver moaxerxa gamoeyvana siRaribidan mSoblebi. samxedro samsaxurSi
ver dawinaurda. don xuanis mier Sepirebuli werili mefisadmi jer ar iyo
dawerili, xolo uproteqciod fons ver gavidoda. Cveulebrivi gziT kapitnad
rom gamxdariyo, amisaTvis aTi weli unda emsaxura.
dabolos servantesi gamouSves saavadmyofodan, rogorc jansaRi.
marcxena xeli samudamod gaSeSebuli darCa. Semdeg udidesi aRtacebiT
igonebda lepantos brZolas, amayobda am brZolaSi monawileobiT da ar
swuxda marcxena xelis dakargvas. piriqiT, saqebradac ki miaCnda es xeibroba.
1614 wels gamoqveynebul poemaSi `mogzauroba parnasze~ RmerTebis macne
merkuri eubneba servantess:
`rodesac zRvaze gaimarTa brZola ficxeli,
umamacesi gmiri iyav Sen im brZolaSi,
marjvena xelis sadideblad dahkarge maSin,
hoi, poetTa uxuceso, marcxena xeli~.
sityvebSi _ `marjvena xelis sadideblad~ nagulisxmevia mwerlobis
asparezze moRvaweoba.
`lepantos sazRvao brZolaSi, _ ambobs servantesi `samoZRvrebo
novelebis~ prologSi, _ arkebuzidan nasroli tyviiT mas dausaxiCrda xeli,
da Tumca bevrs maxinjad miaCnda igi, magram misTvis es mSvenebaa da siqaduli,
radgan Wriloba miiRo erT-erT yvelaze SesaniSnav brZolaSi, romelic ki
cnobilia warsul saukuneebSi da SeiZleba moxdes momavalSi... arnaxuli da
SeuZlebeli bedniereba rom mxvdes wilad, ukanve rom SemomTavazon da
damibrunon Cemi marcxena xeli im pirobiT, rom uari vTqva istoriaSi
gaugonar, yvelaze keTilSobil omSi monawileobisaTvis, uars vyofdi aseT
mowyalebas da visurvebdi: dae, wamarTvan meore xelic, magram SeminarCunon
lepontos brZolaSi monawilis saxeli da dideba-meTqi... cal xels arasodes
davubrkolebivar pirnaTlad Semesrulebina Cemi wminda movaleoba, an
gamomeTqva Cemi sayvareli marTali azrebi. ra mesaqmeba sxeulis nawilebTan,
mis uZlurebasa da tkivilebTan, roca Cemi suli uZlevelia yovelTvis da
yvelgan. masTan gavkadnierdebi da vityvi, rom umal ZirSive movikveT am
erTaderT xelsac, Tuki Cemi Txzulebebis kiTxva cud survilebsa da azrebs
aRuZravs Cems mkiTxvels. arasodes gamitarebia gulSi SiSi, arasodes
Semdrkala Cemi marjvena, roca saqme simarTles exeboda, Tumca bevri avi
mgeli da cofiani RvTis qofaki minaxavs mterTa bunagSi~.
...xuTi weli kidev gaatara migelma xmelTaSua zRvaze brZolebSi.
mowyinda omi. samSoblo enatreboda.

6. 9
rodrigo Tanve axlda Zmas yvela laSqrobaSi, magram Zmebs ar hyavdaT
gavleniani mfarvelebi, da, Sromis, vaJkacobisa da gamZleobis miuxedavad, arc
erTs ar miuRia warCineba. xuTi wlis samxedro samsaxuris Semdeg kvlav
ubralo jariskacebi iyvnen. amdeni xetialisa da faterakebis Semdeg
xelcarielni da Ratakni brundebodnen Sin.
1575 wlis 20 seqtembers samxedro pirebiT, mefis moadgilis moxeleebiT,
vaWrebiT, mRvdlebiT, qalebiTa da bavSvebiT savse xomaldi gaemarTa
espaneTisaken. Zmebi samSobloSi miemgzavrebodnen. `xomalds ewodeboda `mze~
da am mzis qvenapiri Cemi Savi bediswera iyoo~, _ ukve alJiris tyveobaSi
yofnisas werda servantesi.
italiidan gamomgzavrebisas siciliis hercogma de sesma da don xuan
avstrielma Suamdgomlobis qaRaldebi misces migels. es iyo ori Zvirfasi
werili markiz santa de la krucsa da mefe filipesTan. don xuani da
hercogi aRniSnavdnen servantesis gmirobas, aqebdnen mas, rogorc uebro
meomarsa da mamac vaJkacs.
bednierad grZnobdnen Tavs Zmebi. ukve gamoCnda genua, ligureTis
sanapiroebi, alpebi. erTi dRis Semdeg espaneTis miwa-wyalsac dainaxavdnen,
magram qariSxlisagan aRelvebul zRvaSi Turqebis mekobreni gamoudgenen
`mzes~, orive mxridan rkalad Semoertynen mas da sastiki xelCarTuli brZo-
lis Semdeg yvelani daatyveves. alJiris navsadgurSi tyveebi gaiyves. rodrigo
ergo ramadan faSas, servantesi ki erT albanel gandgomils _ dali mamis.
saubedurod upoves mTavarsardlis mier mefisadmi miwerili baraTebi.
gansakuTrebuli vaJkacobisa da tyveobaSi gamoCenili iniciativisaTvis
Turqebma warCinebuli Tanamdebobis kacad miiCnies igi da didi Tanxa
dauniSnes gamosasyidad.
mTeli xuTi weli (1575 wlis 27 seqtembridan 1580 wlis 18 dekembramde)
servantesma alJiris saSinel SenobaSi gaatara, rac ase lamazadaa aRwerili
`don kixotis~ I wignSi _ ruis peres de viedmas moTxrobaSi. araerTxel scada
gaparva, magram yovelTvis amaod. sarwmuno wyaroebi da utyuari sabuTebi
gvixataven mis vaJkacobasa da gmirul saqciels tyveobaSi, ufro met
mamacobas, vidre brZolebSi gamoiCina.
moxuci don rodrigo Tavzardamcemi ambis miRebisTanave amoqmedda.
yvelaferi gayides, daagiraves da sami kviris Semdeg alJirs Casulma
murCielma vaWrebma servantess sami aTas samasi reali gadasces. magram dali
mami ase iolad ar motyuvdeboda tyveTa SefasebaSi. mas ar sjeroda, rom
hercogi de sesi da don xuan avstrieli ubralo jariskacs aseT daxasiaTebas
miscemdnen. es Tanxa man mxolod rodrigos gamosaxsnelad ikmara,
servantesisTvis ki orjer meti moiTxova.
servantesma gadawyvita gamogzavnili fuliT Zma gamoexsna.
1577 wels rodrigo samSobloSi gaemgzavra, servantesma gaatana Zmas
werili leqsad pilipe meoris erT-erT ministrTan _ maTeo vaskesTan. am
werilSi servantesi mokled CamoTvlis Tavis sabrZolo cxovrebas zRvasa da
xmeleTze, Tu rogor emsaxura igi did pilipes, rogori sixaruli ganicada
lepantos brZolaSi gamarjvebisas, ixsenebs Tavis Wrilobebs, aRwers am
brZolis sxvadasxva momentebs, ixsenebs daWrilTa kvnesa-gminvas,
mekobreebisagan xomald `mzis~ daRupvas da alJiris saSinel tyveobaSi
Cavardnas.

7. 10
`me xomald `mzeze~ daviRupe mTeli krebuliT~, _ wers is da Semdeg
evedreba mefes, gamoilaSqros avazakTa am sabudarze, gaanadguros igi da
daixsnas aTasobiT tyve qristianebi, romlebic gminaven saSinel monobaSi,
dasasrul, servantesi TviT ayenebs alJireli tyveebis ajanyebisa da espaneli
jarebis daxmarebiT maTi ganTavisuflebis saucxoo gegmas.
servantess am werilze pasuxi ar miuRia. pilipes rodi cxeloda
alJireli tyveebisaTvis. igi Cabmuli iyo omSi niderlandebTan, sadac
cecxliTa da maxviliT spobda `eretikosebs~. mas aRar ecala TurqebTan
saomrad, _ TavgamodebiT ebrZoda holandielebs, frangebs, sakuTar espanel
xalxs.
alJiris despoti mmarTveli hasan-faSa usaSinlesi adamiani iyo. misi
gankargulebiT SemoiRes sastik sasjelTa sistema. damnaSaveebs cocxlad
marxavdnen, an wvavdnen, agebdnen margilze, akravdnen urmis Tvlebze,
xelfexSekrulebs yridnen tbaSi, Wridnen oTxad.
aseTi kacis winaaRmdeg brZola ar iyo advili saqme. magram servantesi
ver SeaCera veraviTarma dabrkolebam. is ver isvenebda tyveobaSi da mudam
awyobda gaqcevis axal-axal gegmebs. magram yvelaze gabeduli gegma
yovelTvis marcxiT mTavrdeboda: pirveli gaparvisas servantessa da mis
amxanagebs gza daebnaT udabnoSi da isev alJirSi dabrundnen, meorejer
saqmeSi gamcemi Caeria da servantesi Zlivs gadaurCa faSis risxvas; man dali
mamisagan iyida calxela mona, aTasi oqro daniSna servantesis gamosasyidad
da xaroSi Caagdo igi. ori wlis Semdeg servantesma kvlav ganizraxa
SeTqmulebis mowyoba: alJiris mravali aTasi monis ajanyeba, am avazakTa bude-
qalaqis Semusvra da tyveTa gaTavisufleba, magram axlac gauges da saSineli
tanjva wamebis Semdeg, xelfexSeborkili, pirutyviviT miabes sasaxlis
karibWesTan, sadac fxizlad uTvalTvalebdnen.
Soreul samSobloSi dedam da debma gaWirvebiT Seagroves saWiro Tanxa,
rac tyveTa gamomyidvelma berebma hasan-faSas gadasces, da didi vaivaglaxiT,
1580 wlis 19 seqtembers, tyveobidan gamoixsnes servantesi.
monobidan espaneTSi dabrunebuli TiTqos axal da uares tyveobaSi moxvda.
filipe meore cxrameti weli aSenebda eskorials, wyvdiadiT mocul
sasaxles gvadaramis ubadur mTebSi. eskorialis asaSeneblad da
dampyrobluri omebisaTvis filipem tyavi gaaZro qveyanas. mdidar vaWrebsa da
mrewvelebs SemohqondaT sagrZnobi Tanxa, ixdidnen xarks da eZleodaT
umaRlesi aznauroba, `daubegravTa~ wodeba. glexebi gaurbodnen Ralas,
uakacrili rCeboda soflebi. inkviziciis koconebze iwvodnen meamboxe
moqalaqeTa Zvlebi.
filipem xelT igdo portugaliis qveynebi da ase Seqmna Tvaluwvdeneli
saxelmwifo. dasavleT indoeTs, meqsikasa da perus SeuerTdnen axali, vrceli,
umdidresi samflobeloebi. braziliac espaneTma daipyro, mTeli afrikis
garSemo frialebda filipes droSa. SiSiTa da ZrwolviTSehyurebdnen
mezobeli saxelmwifoebi filipes Zlierebas. sxvadasxva juris
avantiuristebi, konkvistadorebi, vaWrebi, monaTmovaWreni, mefis gaumaZRari
Cinovnikebi, kaTolike misionerebi iTvisebdnen axladaRmoCenil amerikas.
espaneTs ekuTvnoda ganuzomeli simdidre, magram oqros niaRvari ver

8. 11
amdidrebda qveyanas, ver ayuCebda iaraRis JRaruns, ver agrilebda autodafes1,
cecxlisagan sisxlgamSral espaneTs.masebis mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareoba
kidev ufro gaaRrmava xarjebma omebisa da diplomatiuri intrigebis
Casatareblad. sasaxlis Sesanaxad filipe II yaCaRurad itacebda da
konfiskacias ukeTebda kerZo xomaldebs, Wrida yalb fuls. Soreul
qveynebTan omi anadgurebda espaneTs. sxvadasxva amkrZalavi zomebi Rupavda
mrewvelobas. daiketa toledosa da segovias abreSumisa da Saleulis
fabrikebi, uqmad idga sami aTasi dazga seviliaSi. koloniebidan miRebuli
auarebeli oqro ucxoeTSi igzavneboda iafi da umniSvnelo saqonlis
Sesasyidad. proletariati ki gaRatakda da gaCanagda, mosaxleobas ar gaaCnda
pirveli saWiroebis sagnebi.
amas unda daematos sxva ubedurebac. espaneTSi am dros aTasobiT
monasteri iyo samoci aTasi ber-monazoniT. samRvdeloeba da Tavadaznauroba,
TviT wvrili idalgoebic ki gaurbodnen Sromas.
mudmivi omebisagan gaixrwna espaneTis sazogadoeba. saSinlad
gamravldnen sxvadasxva socialuri parazitebi, aramSromeli elementebi,
espaneTis Saragzaze daZrwoda moxetiale Ratakebis, damSeulTa brboebis,
gaiZverebis, fexSiSvela berebis, portugaleli kaxpebisa da sxvadasxva juris
usaxlkaroTa laSqari. gasaocrad blomad gamovidnen asparezze
deklasirebuli adamianebi, romelTac ase kargad gaecno servantesi da
gamoxata Tavis ukvdav qmnilebebSi.
madridSi arsebobda Teatri, imarTeboda warmodgenebi, servantesma
alJirSive icoda es. ai sad mividoda is, magram ar hqonda fuli, ar hyavda
gavleniani mfarveli. mefe portugaliaSi iyo. vis ecala axla calxela
lepantoeli gmirisaTvis, roca am saxelovan brZolaSi gamarjvebis
sulisCamdgmeli don xuan avstrieli sadRac avstriaSi mowamles (1578) da
axla eskorialSi esvena. servantesma gadawyvita portugaliaSi wasvla. erTi
groSic ar gaaCnda. yofil maswavlebels xuan lopes de oioss dauwyo Zebna,
magram igi ukve gardacvliliyo, skolis amxanagebic mimofantuliyvnen
espaneTis vrcel samefoSi. zogi maTgani didkaci gamxdariyo da aRar cnobda
Ratak jariskacs.
migels imedi hqonda, CemTvis uzrunvelyofili iqneba samxedro an
samoqalaqo Tanamdebobao, magram kancelariis kibeebze xetialisagan araferi
gamovida. mxolod erTxel miiRo mefis sapatio davaleba: oranis
mTavarmarTebels eniWeboda sant-iagos ordenis raindoba. servantesi gagzavnes
sigelis gadasacemad. asormocdaaTi dukatiT aunazRaures Rvawli.
Semdeg SeuerTda Tavis Zmas da sam weliwads masTan mxardamxar gaatara
mTeli laSqroba portugaliaSi da azotis kunZulebze, ori axali Wrilobisa
da ramdenime dukatis meti araferi SeuZenia brZolebSi.
isev daubrunda madrids. mtkiced gadawyvita _ samudamod Tavi
mienebebina samxedro xelobisaTvis da mwerlobaSi ecada bedi. daiwyo
leqsebis wera. xandaxan axerxebda ramdenime realis Sovnas saxotbo leqsebiT
_ TxzulebaTa avtorebs friad uyvardaT aseTebis moTavseba TavianTi wignebis
pirvel gverdze. bolos Sekriba yvelaferi, rac darCa siWabukeSi dawerili
`filenidan~, saxeli Seucvala, Seavso axal-axali epizodebiT, gadaamuSava da
ase Seqmna Tavisi pirveli romani `galaTea~.
1
Aautodafe _ inkviziciis mier dasjil mwvalebelTa sazeimo dawva.

9. 12
`galaTea` Sereuli formiT _ leqsad da proziT _ dawerili
pastoraluri Txzulebaa. magram avtori ar iyo kmayofili, is mwerlobisaTvis
seriozulad ar Tvlida am Janrs: manerul WikWiksa da uadgilo qviTins,
daSaqrul satrfialo ritorikas, maRalfardovan, gapranWul stils,
gazviadebul mgrZnobelobas araferi saerTo hqondaT namdvil adamianur
vnebebTan. pastoraluri Txzulebebi ar upasuxebdnen servantesis amocanebs.
mas surda ewera imaze, rac gamocada tyveobasa da laSqrobaSi, aewera Cagvra-
monoba da saSinelebebi, sibeCave da yoveldRiuri gmirobani, sapyrobileTa
simkacre, ese igi _ namdvili cxovreba. miuxedavad amisa, igi `galaTeaSic~ ar
Ralatobs yovelive amas, aqac yvela ambavs realuri safuZveli gaaCnia da
avtori ar gaurbis sinamdvilis marTlad asaxvas. `galaTea~ ar moiwones,
Tumca servantesis Tanamedrove didi espaneli mwerali lope de vega
`valensiel qvrivSi~ aqebs `galaTeas~ da ambobs, ukeTes wigns versad ipoviTo.
1584 wlis 12 dekembers daba eskiviasSi servantesma colad SeirTo 19 wlis
katalina de palasios salaris-i-vosmediano, da iqve daesaxla.
am dRidan migelis cxovrebaSi xelaxali cvlileba iwyeba. SeeCvia
glexebSi siaruls. male gaxda maTi sayvareli stumari. glexebs moswondaT es
calxela, alalmarTali jariskaci, mudam mxiaruli, enawyliani, uCveulo
istoriebsa da saarako ambebis mcodne. ukve Tavisianad Tvlidnen, migelsac
moswonda aqauroba.
magram aqac siRaribem dauwyo devna. coliTa da qaliSviliT isev
madrids daubrunda da axla piesebis weras mihyo xeli. saxelic male gaiTqva.
dawera komedia sulTanis tyveebze `sulTanis coli~, _ samefo TeatrSi
dadges. amas mohyva piesebi: `alJiris zne-Cveulebebi~, `alJiris
sapyrobileebi~, `sazRvao brZola~, `pedro urdemalasi~, `marjve espaneli~,
`eWvianobis savane da ardenis tye~, `siyvarulis labirinTi~, `netari gaiZvera~,
`TavSesaqcevi komedia~ intermediebi: `ganqorwinebuli msajuli~,
`sakvirvelebaTa Teatri~, `fxizeli daraji~, `qvrivi gaiZvera~, `salamankis
gamoqvabuli~, `eQviani moxuci~, `cru biskaneli~, `alkaldTa arCevnebi
dagansoSi~ da servantesis yvelaze saukeTeso drama nacionalur-gmiruli
tragedia `numansiis dangreva~, romelic daiwera tyveobidan dabrunebisTanave.
es piesa exeba Zvel iberielTa qalaq numansiis gmirul dacvas romaelTa
alyaSemortymisagan. oTxi aTasi numansieli ToTxmet weliwads mamacad icavda
Tavs 80-aTasiani romeli da numidieli laSqrisagan. karTagenis cnobili
dampyroblebi publikis kornelius scipioni da marius iugurta amaod
cdilobdnen maT modrekas. bolos, SimSiliT qancgamoleulebma daxoces
TavianTi colSvili, amoJlites erTmaneTi da gamarjvebul mters marto
nangrevebi SerCa xelT da erTi cocxal-mkvdari bavSvi dauxvda qalaqis
zRudesTan, romelmac cixesimagris gasaRebi gauwoda scipions, koSkidan Zirs
daenarcxa da kldeze daimsxvra.
`Sen daamarcxe gamarjvebulio! _ SesZaxa gamoCenilma sardalma da qedi
moidrika usaxelo gmiris neStTan.
tragediis mTavari gmiria mTeli qalaqi. mTeli espaneTi. alegoriuli
figurebi `espaneTi~, `mdinare duero _ Senakadebianad~, `omi~, `avadmyofebiani~,
`SimSili~ da `dideba~.
servantesma Seqmna namdvili nacionalur-gmiruli tragedia, sadac ambavi
exeba ara calkeul adamians, mis bed-iRbals, aramed koleqtivs, masas, mTel
xalxs. tragediis gmiri vinme calke pirovneba ki ara, aramed xalxis

10. 13
koleqtiuri nebisyofa, misi siZulvili sikvdilisadmi, misi mzadyofna
TavdadebisaTvis, misi patrituli aRtkineba da mgznebare ltolva didebisaken.
servantesi _ Tavisi samSoblos saxelovani jariskaci da patrioti, cdilobda
warsulis gmiruli magaliTebiT aRegzno TanamedroveTa patriotuli
grZnobebi. tragediis weris dros is STagonebuli iyo mowineve humanuri
ideebiT: qadagebda TavisuflebisaTvis ara marto calkeuli pirovnebebis,
aramed mTeli xalxis gmirul TavdadebaTa mSvenierebasa da ukvdavebas.
swored amitom ikiTxeba axlac ase mRelvarebiT warmtaci ambavi Soreul
warsulze. swored es mxareebi xdis mas maraduWknob qmnilebad. amitomac iyo,
rom mtrisagan alyaSemortymul madridSi (1937_1938) dadges `numansia~. igi
axleburad Tanamedrove Seiqmna espaneli xalxisaTvis, STabera maT vaJkacuri
suli da didi humanisti mwerlis sityvebi basri iaraRi gaxda mterTan
brZolaSi.
servantesis es pirveli dramatuli Txzulebebi gamsWvalulia da
gamTbari samSoblos mgznebare siyvaruliT, Tavisuflebisa da udidesi
samarTlianobis paTosiT, monobis siZulviliT, brZolis suliskveTebiT.
axla ukve hqonda profesia da lukmapuri, magram male gamouCndnen
mtrebic. umaRlesi wodebis laquca da mliqvneli kritikosebi aRaSfoTa
viRac xeibari jariskacis kadnierebam. man xom umfarvelod, vinme
warCinebulis dauxmareblad gamohyo fexi mwerlobaSi! mougones _
universitetSi ar giswavliao, miuTiTebdnen antireligiur azrebze. amasTan
maSin gamoCnda `bunebis sakvirveleba~ didi lope de vega da gaxda
Teatraluri imperiis TviTmpyrobeli. man daipyro da Tavis Zalauflebas
daumorCila yvela komedianti da mTeli qveyana aavso komediebiT. mas veravin
uwevda metoqeobas. yovel sam dReSi mzad hqonda TiTo piesa. mis komediebSi
axalgazrda kabalieroebi mRerodnen momxibvlel serenadebs lamazmanTa
fanjrebTan, Ramis wyvdidSi kenwlaobdnen daSnebiT, warmoTqvamdnen JRerovan
leqsebs.
servantess daeSrita Semosavlis wyaro, daubrunda siRaribe. lepantosa
da madridis saxelganTqmuli gmiri oriode groSs imiT Soulobda, rom
gadauwerda vinmes saarSiyo werilebs, wauRebda romelime Seyvarebuls
satrfialo baraTebs.
espaneTis vrcel saxelmwifoSi misTvis ar gamoinaxa pawawina kunWuli.
ulukmapurod daexeteboda. Rameebs aTevda madridis jurRmulebSi, saeWvo xa-
lxTa bunagebSi, sadac buzebiviT ireodnen jibgirebi, Sulerebi, suteniorebi,
policielTa maZebrebi, inkviziciis jaSuSebi da sxvadasxva juris garewrebi.
col-Svili sofelSi gagzavna, miatova madridi da seveliaSi gadasaxlda...
bolos servantesi iZulebuli gaxda fulisa da sursaTis amkrefi
moxele gamxdariyo. sursaTi da fuli filipes axali laSqrisaTvis
sWirdeboda.
servantesma moiara mTeli espaneTi, xvdeboda vaWrebs, glexebs,
mejoreebs, mwyemsebs, mefundukeebs, berebs. swavlobda kuTxis zne-Cveulebas,
xedavda nemdvil, araromantikul espaneTs. surda daewera rame, _ dro aRar
hqonda. angariSi kargad ar icoda da, xSirad ekargeboda saangariSo wignakebi,
anda cifrebis nacvlad maT leqsebiT avsebda. ramdenjer sakuTari xelfasiT
dafara danaklisi.
1588 wlis 8 agvistos sastikma grigalma gaanadgura inglisis winaaRmdeg
galaSqrebuli filipes floti. inglisis mezRvaurebma gamoCenili sardlis,

11. 14
saxelganTqmuli mekobris _ frensis draikis meTaurobiT, daamarcxes
espanelTa `uZleveli armada~, da samudamod moeRo bolo espaneTis batonobas
zRvaze.
salaroebSi erTi realic aRar darCa. gaadides xarki da begara, kvlav
dahqroda migel servantesi bedukuRmarTi gzebiT da krefda xarks. angariSi
ereoda, jamagiri ar hyofnida, ixlarTeboda valebSi. daaklda samocdaaTi
taleri, Semdeg es Tanxa oTxmocamde avida.
1597_1602 wlebSi orjer zedized Casves sapatimroSi. pirvelad akrefil
begaras daaklda TvalsaCino Tanxa, xolo meorejer _ saxelmwifo fuli
banks Caabara seviliaSi, Tamasuqi ki madridSi gagzavna. banki moulodnelad
gakotrda, xazinaSi ar Seitana servantesis mibarebuli fuli da mTel Tanxas
igelisagan moiTxovdnen.
servantesi ijda sakanSi da gamudmebiT werda naxevradSeSlili
idalgos _ don kixotis Sesaxeb, romelmac veRar icno Tavisi saukune.
sabralo lamanCelma idalgom gadaikiTxa mravali wigni, iSviaTi da
araCveulebrivi, saarako moulodnelobiTa da gasaocari faTerakebiT savse
istoriebi.
ar iyo arc erTi sagani, arc erTi movlena, romelic mas zmanebad ar
gadaeqcia. ubralo funduki eCveneboda Cinebul cixedarbazad, Savi daobebuli
puri _ funTuSad, kaxpa qalebi _ sefeqalebad da princesebad, qaris
wisqvilebi _ devgmir goliaTebad da bumberazebad. benediqteli berebi _
jadosnebad, vaWrebi _ mogzaur raindebad, cxvrebis farebi _ imperator
alifanfaronisa da garamantTa mefis laSqrebad, sofleli gogo aldonsa
lorensa _ unazes da umSvenieres dulsinia toboselad.
raindi ar erideboda cxare brZolebs, guladad umklavdeboda arnaxul
faTerakebs, didebisa da adaminuri saxelis molodinSi nacem-gvemuli,
dalurjebuli, Rameebs aRevda sxvenze. cxenis TeqalToze, cemdnen vaWrebi da
moxetiale komediantebi, umsxvrevdnen neknebs, ayrevinebdnen kbilebs, mainc ar
Tmobda raindobas, ar eSveboda faTerakebs. damtvreuli, dasisxlianebuli,
uiaraRod, egdo mtverSi amogangluli, gaimReroda pastoralebs da
medidurad esaubreboda erTgul meabjre sanCo pansas.
_ ici Tu ara, Cemo sanCo, rom Tavisufleba yvelaze uZvirfasesi sikeTea,
romelic zenam mohmadla adamians? veraferi Seedreba Tavisuflebas, verc
dedamiwis qvesknelSi damarxuli saunjeni, verc dideba, verc sxva ram.
Tavisuflebaze sanukvari bedniereba amqveynad ar arsebobs. Tavisuflebia da
saxelisaTvis Tamamad SeiZleba Tavganwirva, radgan aZraxi sicocxle da
monoba yvelaze udidesi ubedurebaa kacisaTvis. da kidev getyvi, sanCo, suli
mtkiva imis gamo, rom moxetiale raindis profesia avirCie esoden saZagel
saukuneSi, romelSic Cven vcxovrobT axla.
Tavis batonis msgavsad gverdebCalewili sanCo pansa ocdaaTjer
amoioxrebda, samocjer vai-viSs ityoda, asocjer SeCvenebas SeuTvlida Tavis
dabegvis mizezT da boxi xmiT miugebda rainds:
_ marTals ambobT, batono Cemo, magram geficebiT Raribi adamianis
patiosnebas, Tbil-Tbili malamoebi ufro mWiria axla me, vidre aseTi
saubari.
rainds aRviriT hkidebdnen sarkmelTan. meabjres aTamaSebdnen sabanze,
umowyalod gvemdnen muStebiT. sabralo sanCo mainc xalisiT miagogmanebda

12. 15
SviliviT sayvarel lurjas da sjeroda raindis sityvebi. advilad iviwyebda
cema-tyepas.
_ megobaro sanCo, unda mogaxseno, rom me gaxlavar mogzauri raindi
don kixot lamanCeli, romelmac aRTqma davde: keTils vemsaxuro, simarTle
aRvadgino, boroti davTrguno, davsajo yvela moRalate, daviaro susti da
davrdomili. nuTu ar ici, moxetiale raindis cxovreba savsea aTasgvari
faTerakiTa da siduxWiriT? magram araviTari saSiSroeba ar arsebobs, rom am
maxviliT ar vZlio... icode; ar arsebobs iseTi tkivili, romelic ar
gaaqarvos drom, ar aris iseTi mwuxareba, romelic ver gankurnos sikvdilma....
_ mowyaleo batono, gmadlobT nugeSisaTvis! netavi vicode, Tqveni
azriT, imaze meti tkivili raRa iqneba, ra tkivilsac marto dro gaaqarvebs
da mwuxarebas mxolod sikvdili gankurnavs? naTqvamia, mkvdari wavides
samares, cocxali saZovarsao, Cvenc Cvens gzas davadgeT! mSvidobiani xasiaTis
kaci gaxlavarT da sxvis Cxubsa da aurzaurSi gareva ar miyvars. xom xedavT,
Ramdeba da mere ra wyvdiadi Camowveba xolme am klde-RreSi. gana ar
gecodebaT Tqveni erTguli sanCo? aTasi qaji da Winka daZrwis am sibneleSi!
_ nu geSinia, guli gaimagre! ukan momye fexdafex! wyvdiadis Semdeg
imedi maqvs ganTiadisa! _ SesZaxebda raindi da aaToxarikebda rosinants. _ am
rkinis saukuneSi qveyanaze imitom davibade, rom oqros saukune aRvadgino.
sanCos Zili da mosveneba enatreboda: kargi ram aris Zili, RmerTma
akurTxos misi momgonio, _ gaiZaxoda wamdauwum.
_ nu gZinavs... vinc mzesTan erTad ar dgeba, is ver datkbeba mTeli dRis
mSvenierebiT. me vfizlob, Sen gZinavs, me vtiri, Sen mReri, suls vRafav,
SimSiliT, Sen yelamde maZRari xar da mefobasa da gubernatorobas
natrulob... _ usayvedurebda don kixoti.
_ mefe rom viyo, rac miameba imas vizam, da raki imas vizam, rac miameba,
maS sxva raRa eSmaki unda visurvo. raki sxvas aRaras visurveb, maS natvrac
arafrisa meqneba. raki natvra arafrisa meqneba, maS Cemi saqmec gaCarxuli
iqneba, _ cbierad miugebda sanCo.
_ ukeTes momavlis imedi viqonioT, Cemo keTilo sanCo, _ arigebda
raindi.
don kixoti rodi iyo ubralo axirebuli, xepre vinme, romelic gaagiJa
wignebma. igi aTi gagiJebuliviT Smagobda, magram xSirad misi sityvebi savse
iyo sibrZniTa da siTboTi. ubeduri raindi yvela saganze gonivrulad
msjelobda da abdaubdas maSin moyveboda, rodesac laparaks raindobaze
gadauxvevda...
maSin, roca inkviziciis sastiki cenzura axSobda Tavisufal azrs,
kveTda cocxal sityvas, servantesma TanaSemwed gaixada sicili da uZlieresi
mxatvruli simarTliT asaxa epoqa, aRsavse didi istoriuli movlenebis
dramatizmiTa da SejaxebebiT, romelsac eweoda axali burJuaziuli
sazogadoeba rRvevaSi myofi feodaluri wyobilebis winaaRmdeg.
servantesma, rogorc udidesma humanistma, am romanSi gamoxata
aRorZinebis xanis mowinave ideebi da miswrafebani. am epoqaSi adamians axali
horizontebi gadaeSala. pirovneba Tavs aRwevda Sua saukuneTa avtoritetebis
uRels, feodalTa TviTnebobas, pirovnebis dammaxinjebeli da damaClungebeli
eklesiis tiranias. engelsis sityviT `es iyo udidesi progresuli
gadatrialeba, romelic ki manamde kacobriobas ganecada, epoqa, romelsac
bumberazebi esaWiroeboda da romelmac warmoSva bumberazebi azrovnebis

13. 16
siZlieriT, mgznebarebiTa da xasiaTiT, mravalmxrivobiTa da swavlulobiT~.
erTi maTgani iyo servantesi, romlis cxovrebis yoveli wvrilmanic ki
mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli mis ukvdav nawarmoebTan. keTilSobili raindis
piriT avtori xSirad warmoTqvams idumal azrebs. `don kixotis~ kiTxvisas
warmogvidgeba TviT migel servantesi, mgznebare enTuziasti, titanuri azrisa
da udreki nebisyofis rainduli sulis poeti, romelsac akvnidan kubos
karamde sastikad sdevnis da amasxaravebs bedi, magram igi mainc ar hkargavs
imeds, masSi ar mcirdeba adamianis pativiscemis grZnoba, xalisiani, bednieri
cxovrebisa da Tavisuflebis siyvaruli. servantesis satiris arsi da misi
romanis progresuli mniSvneloba sinamdvilis simarTliTa da
sworadasaxvaSia, mis mWidro kavSirSi espaneTis mTel istoriul warsulTan,
mis brZolasTan socialuri borotebis winaaRmdeg.
`don kixoti~ mZafri satiraa, mimarTuli mTeli feodaluri samyaros
winaaRmdeg. igi warmoadgens XVI saukunis espaneTis cxovrebis neTel,
realistur suraTs. `raindi~ don kixotis saxiT servantesma daxata Tumca
uangaro, magram uniadago meocnebe, wvril-feodaluri aznaurobis ubadruki
naSieri. igi gaagiJes raindulma romanebma, sadac gaidealebuli iyo rainduli
saukune da don kixoti kvlav im saukunis aRorZinebaze ocnebobda. idalgo
ver xedavda, rom espaneTSi daRioda, sadac oqro RvTaebad iyo dagaqceuli,
sadac mdidrul cixe-darbazebs gars ertya damSeuli soflebi, sadac
lukmapuris mZebneli glexoba daxetialobda, xolo moednebze gizgizebda
inkviziciis Semzaravi koconi. sinamdvile yoveli fexis nabijze sastikad
amarcxebs beCavs, giJ meocnebes misi miamitobis gamo, magram es ver aCerebs
don kixots. iluziaTa samyaroSi cxovrobs, da yoveli fexis nabijze kisers
itexs. magram amasTan misTvis ucxoa yovelgvari sasowarkveTa, arasdros ar
wuwunebs. sasacilo da sacodavia jaglagze amxedrebuli Camomxmari raindi,
sasacilo da sevdis momgvrelia misi gmiroba. fxizeli praqtikuli
mixvedrilobiT dajildoebuli, misi gmiroba. fxizeli praqtikuli
mixvedrilobiT dajildoebuli, misi erTguli saWurvelmtvirTveli,
gulmarTali da Tan cbieri glexi sanCo pansa sxvagvarad ucqeris cxovrebas.
don kixotis gmirobis gamo misi SeniSvnebi kidev ufro sacodavs xdian
rainds. magram biwier da angarebian sinamdvilesTan dapirispirebiT din
kixotis saxe sasacilo aRar aris. mas sul meti humanuri Tvisebebi eniWeba.
don kixoti keTilSobilurad moqmedebs, igi uangaro da SemmarTebeli, magram
`es vaJkacoba, sulgrZeloba da erTguleba droulad da Sesaferisad rom
saqmisaTvis moexmarebina, _ don kixoti WeSmaritad diadi adamiani iqnebodao~,
_ wers belinski.
don kixots ar esmis, rom raindobis dro didi xania gaqra da axal
sazogadoebas aRar esaWiroeba rainduli gmiroba da Tavdadeba. don kixots
surs daicvas simarTle da daexmaros Cagrulebs, magram TviTonve yovel
nabijze usamarTlobas Cadis da zians ayenebs mas, visi gadarCenac surs. man
gaaTavisufla patara mwyemsi, magram glexma kvlav miakra biWi muxaze da
cemiT kinaRam suli amoxada. ramdenime xnis Semdeg don kixoti Sexvda
gaTavisuflebul biWs da madlobis magivrad misgan mxolod wyevla-krulva
moismina. bevrjer daemarTa msgavsi ambebi don kixots. yvelas Tavs acnobda
mogzaur raindad, samarTlianobis aRmdgenad, borotebis damTrgunvelad,
magram pasuxad yvelasgan erTi da igive esmoda: yvelaze udidesi boroteba da
usamarTloba is aris, aseT bedukuRmarT da giJ rainds rom gadaveyareTo.

14. 17
erTi sityviT, mizanSewonilad da sulelurad warmarTuli gmirobisa da
Tavdadebis warmtaci Zala zianis momtania da meti araferi. don kixots surs
sikeTis Cadena, magram savsebiT dakarguli aqvs realobis grZnoba, ar esmis
rom namdvili cxovrebis pirobebi xels ar uwyoben misi gegmebis
ganxorcielebas.
TviT servantesi uaryofiTad uyurebs Tavisi gmiris am sigiJes. magram,
roca don kixoti zogjer saRad msjelobs, _ maSin igi TviT avtoris azrTa
gadmomcemi xdeba da aq moCans misi Tanadrouloba da erTazrovneba axali
klasis _ burJuaziis msoflmxedvelobasTan. roca don kixoti warsulis
aRdgenas cdilobs, servantesi dascinis mas da abuCad igdebs. magram gmiris
saRi azrebi moswons, _ roca igi ar ybedobs wignebidan amokiTxuli
fantastikuri abdaubdebiT. don kixotis sityvebs bevri saerTo aqvT espaneTis
didi humanistebis azrebTan, Cven aq gvesmis, gatanjuli espaneli xalxis xma.
servantess uyvars adamianebi da ecodeba isini. igi dascinis Tavis gmirebs da
yvelaze metad don kixots, magram don kixotis sasacilo mxareebis
gamomJRavnebisas, mwerali ara marto ubralod, adamianurad icodebs mas,
aramed udides moralur simaRleze ahyavs igi.
amgvarad, gaorebulia romanis gmiric da avtoris damokidebulebac
misdami. es aixsneba imiT, rom servantesi TviTon aris am gudamSier aznaurTa
STamomavali da fsiqologiurad dakavSirebulia im wyvdiadiT mocul
samyarosTan. rogorc viciT, es romani warmoiSva gansazRvrul sazogadoebriv-
istoriul urTierTobaTa niadagze. epoqa, romelSic Seiqmna `don kixoti~, iyo
renesansis epoqa, roca XV-XVI saukuneebis mZafrma ekonomikurma
gadatrialebam Searyia feodalizmis batonoba, dawinaurda axali socialuri
jgufebi da warmoiSva axali kulturuli idealebi. iseve rogorc
kacobriobis sxva mowinave mweralTa SemoqmedebaSi, servantesis Semoqmedebis
centrSic moeqca adamianis pirovneba, miwieri cxovreba, rogorc erdaderTi
Rirebuleba, ocneba Tavisufal, harmoniulad Zlier adamianze. Zveli
feodaluri moralis, adamianis Rirsebisa da pirovnebis damamcirebeli,
damCagvreli moralis nacvlad man wamoayena axali humanisturi principebi.
servantesis azriT adamianis WeSmariti Rirseba misi warmoSobis
warCinebuleba ki ar aris, aramed _ miswrafebaTa da saqmeTa keTilSobileba.
don kixoti sanCo pansas aseT darigebas aZlevs: `nu grcxvenia, gaamxilo, rom
warmoSobiT glexi xar... adamiani sisxls memkvidreobiT iRebs, saTnoeba ki
unda moixveWos, da igi gacilebiT ufro Zvirfasia, vidre sisxli~.
magram Tavisuflebisa da gonebis meufebis ganxorcielebis imedi arc
Tu ise didi iyo. Cagvris Suasaukuneobrivi formebis mospoba namdvilad
moaswavebda ara adamianis gaTavisuflebas, aramed monobis axali
burJuaziuli formebis damyarebas. Zveli borkilebis axlit Secvlas. espaneTi
`mowinave qveynad~ iTvleboda, magram arsebiTad igi iyo kaTolikuri reaqciis
avangardi, feodalur-monarqiuli kontrrevoluciis dasayrdeni, romelic
amaxinjebda absolutizmis istoriul azrs. WeSmariti humanisti servantesi
ver Seurigda amas da udidesi gulistkiviliT ganicdida im mdgomareobas,
rom qveynad isev boroteba da usamarTloba mefobda, isev Zveleburad darCa
yvelaferi, da mefe, feodalebi da umaRlesi sasuliero pirebi kvlav
yovelnairad aferxebdnen axali burJuaziis miswrafebebs. `don kixotSi~
gatarebuli kritika _ es aris brZola renesansis mowinaaRmdegeTa mimarT.
don kixots konfliqti aqvs garemomcvel sinamdvilesTan da mkveTrad

15. 18
upirispirdeba mas, magram misi ubedureba isaa, rom es konfliqti mis sulSi
ganxeTqilebas rodi hbadebs, radgan mas sinamdvilis gageba ar SeuZlia. igi
xmals moufiqreblad iqnevs da Wrilobebs ayenebs mxolod Tavis Tavs. mas ar
SeuZlia garemomcveli pirobebis sworad gageba da ar gaaCnia am pirobebis
Secvlis unari. igi damarcxda, magram es marcxi moCvenebiTia, radgan
sasiqadulo miswrafebani SeubRalavi da xelSeuxebeli darCa. sikvdilis
sarecelze mas goneba daubrunda, dawyevla rainduli romanebi, mixvda Tavisi
SeSlilobis mizezs, gamoeTxova naTesavebsa da megobrebs, erTgul sanCo
pansas da wynarad miicvala. igi aRar iyo mebrZoli raindi don kixoti
lamanCeli, aramed _ ubralo Rataki aznauri _ alonso kixano keTili. giJiviT
cxovrobda, xolo brZeniviT miicvalao, _ dasZens avtori.
am wigniT servantesma daamtkica, rom warsulis dabruneba, gadasuli
cxovrebisa da Zveli epoqis aRdgena arasodes aravis ar SeuZlia.
romanSi gaSlil humanistur msoflmxedvelobas cxovelmyofel Zalas
matebs xalxuri sibrZne, roca erTguli saWurvermtvirTveli sanCo esaubreba
rainds, mkiTxvelis Tvalwin iSleba xalxuri sibrZnis uRrmesi saganZuri,
romelic anelebs don kixotis ganyenebul msjelobas. isini saubrobdnen
erTidaimave saganze, magram don kixoti laparakobs maRalfardovani,
ritorikuli frazebiT, xandaxan gapranWuli stiliT, romanebidan amoRebuli
moZvelebuli eniT. sanCo imave azrs amtkicebs ubralo, cocxali xalxuri
sityvebiT, andazebiT, gamocanebiT, kalamburebiTa da nakvesebiT.
servantesamde espanur moTxrobebsa da romanebSi glexebsa da xelosnebs
xatavdnen mxolod imitom, rom maTi dapirispirebiT batonebTan, qeba-dideba
SeesxaT am ukanasknelisaTvis. moTxrobis bolos ki isini Cveulebrivad an
sapatimroSi moxvdbodnen an saxrCobelaze ahyavdaT. servantesamde espaneTSi
mdabio xalxze yovelTvis dacinviTa da abuCad agdebiT laparakobdnen. mdabio
xalxi iyo eqsploataciis sagani, sanCo pansas saxiT espaneTis mwerlobaSi
pirvelad aisaxa xalxis saRi azrovneba, Rirseba da uzado keTilSobileba.
romanis centrSi pirvelad dadga ara fantastikuri da naxevradzRapruli
samosiT Seburvili glexi, aramed realuri, fxizeli adamiani, romanis
pirveli furclebidanve don kixoti yvelgan Ratakadaa gamoyvanili,
miuxedavad garegnuli sigiJisa, igi yovelTvis dapirispirebulia regveni
mdidrebisadmi _ rogorc brZeni. gansakuTrebiT Zlierdeba es mxare romanis
meore nawilSi, sadac oriveni amjobineben icxovron patiosan siRaribeSi,
vidre iyvenen hercogis masxarebi. am dapirispirebaSi ifareba servantesis
pirdapiri zizRi mdidrebisadmi. don kixoti da sanCo Zveli sazogadoebis ori
klasis warmomadgenelni arian. sanCo iseve ucxoa burJuaziuli vaWrukanebis
samyarosaTvis, rogorc donkixoti. Tu don kixoti uaRresi adamianuri
aRtacebis gansaxierebaa, sanCo xalxis Svilia, mas oqros guli aqvs, is
fxizelia da jansaRad moazrovne. sanCo yovelTvis sadaa da ubralo,
arasodes ar vardeba yalb pozaSi. ararsebuli kunZulis gubernatorobas
atarebs iSviaTi keTilsindisierebiTa da udidesi seriozulobiT. is
Rormucelaa da xandaxan gaiZverac, xSirad SimSilobs, magram mainc uyvars
don kixoti da undoblad epyroba ara Tu mis sigiJes, aramed gabatonebuli
klasebis oficialur dogmebsac. don kixotis magaliTiT is zneobrivad
keTilSobildeba, sulierad izrdeba. man aRiqva don kixotis brZnuli
darigebebi da brwyinvaled gamoiyena sisni gubernatorobis dros. avtori
sanCo _ gubernators upiriespirebs yeyeC da egoist hercogs da qmnis glexi

16. 19
mmarTvelis namdvil apoTeozs. rasakvirvelia, sanCos marTva-gamgeobis
amsaxveli epizodebi ironiuli xasiaTis arian, magram glexis saRi goneba,
humanuroba da samarTlianoba saucxoo kontrastad mosCans `uwmindesi~
policiisa da Cinovnikebisagan Semdgar, usulgulo saxelmwifo
biurokratiuli manqanis saqmianobasTan. Tu don kixoti eZebs saxelsa da
didebas, sanCos materialuri keTildReoba unda; don kixoti kmayofildeba
wignebSi mxsenebiT, sanCos surs romelime kunZulis gubernatoroba, magram
Tavis batonze ufro saRi goneba aqvs da don kixotze adre ikurneba mware
ocnebisagan davadebuli: `CamodeqiT, batonebo, neba momeciT davubrunde Cem
winandel cxovrebas, rom aRvdge mkvdreTiT. yvela unda akeTebdes im saqmes,
risTvisac dabadebulia _ ukeTesia frTebi SevikvecoT, miwaze davbrundeT da
viaroT sakuTari fexebiT~, _ gaiZaxis igi.
sanCos sjera yvelaferi, rasac don kixoti laparakobs, radgan
Tavidanve marTal da gonier kacad miaCnda igi, magram xandaxan masac eWvi
ebadeba. xSirad wvers iglejs, im dResa da saaTs wyevlis, ra dRidanac bedma
am giJi batonis msaxuri gaxada, magram mainc ver Sordeboda mas, ecodeba igi,
ibralebs, `mwuxare saxis rainds~ uwodebs sa uSlis am saSinel faTerakSi nu
gaerevio, urCevs, gaecalos yovel xifaTs da davidarabas, da dasZens: _ gacla
gaqceva rodia da arc Tu imaSia didi sibrZne, iseT mters velodo, rom mis
dasaxvedrad Rone aRar mqondes. ufro gonivruli is iqneba, dRes Tavi
Sevinaxo xvalisaTvis da mTeli Cemi arseba erT dRes ar Sevalio. merwmuneT,
Cems sulelur glexur Wkuas kargad esmis, kacma Tavis Tavs rogor mouaros...
amasTan, xom mogaxsenebdiT, qaris wisqvilebia-meTqi? RmerTmani, gograSi kacs
iseTi qaris wisqvilebi unda utrialebdes, rom isini devebad moeCvenos...
sanCom Zalian kargad icis, rom don kixoti giJia. sul dascinis mas,
magram amave dros ramdenjerme miatovebs Tavis adgilsamyofels , saxls,
col-Svils, rom gahyves am giJs. dasdevs mas yvelgan, misi erTgulia kubos
karamde _ miuxedavad aTasgvari siduxWirisa, is metad uangaro da patiosania,
Tanac didi moTxovnilebis rodia. amitom eubneba don kixots: _ Cems dReSi
fiqradac ar momsvlia vaJkacobiT saxeli gameTqva. mxolod mindoda yvela im
saWurvelmtvirTvelze alalmarTali vyofiliyavi, visac odesme mogzaur
raindebTan umsaxuria da Tu Cvens batons surs erTguli samsaxurisaTvis
romelime kunZuliT damajildovos, ra uSavs, keTili iyos, Zalian madlobeli
viqnebi. ar momcems da ra gaewyoba, ukunZulodac iolad waval. egec rom ar
iyos, me vubrZaneb, Tu me mibrZaneben, amiT lukmapuri ufro gemrieli rodi
meCveneba... sanCod davibade da imedi maqvs sanCodve movkvdebi...
moxeleebsa da warCinebul batonebis Sefasebisas sanCo da don kixoti
erT azrze dganan. sanCo gubernatorobas elodeba, amasTan Tavis virsac ar
iviwyebs da ambobs: `araerTxel minaxavs, rogor gzavnian virebs
gubernatorebad, ase rom _ Tu me Tan waviyvan Cems wynar virs, amiT axals
arafes vityvi~. sanCo winaaRmdegia kunZulze gubernatorobisas nawilaki d o
n i1 miumaton mis saxels: `me meZaxian sanCo pansas, mamaCems erqva sanCo,
babuac sanCo iyo, da yvelani iyvnen sanCoebi, maT donebi da zedonebi ara
hqoniaT, da Tu meRirsa gubernatoroba, Tundac ramdenime dRiT, yvela dons
aRmovfxvri aqedan...~
1
d o n i _ batoni; aznauris tituli espaneTSi.

17. 20
Cveni drois mkiTxvels gazviadebulad, groteskulad moeCveneba sanCos
miswrafeba kunZulis miRebisa da gubernatorobisaTvis, magram es ase rodia.
es garemoeba savsebiT upasuxebs im epoqis saerTo xasiaTs, mis favoritizms,
gamdidrebis daucxromel survils. servantesi aq udidesi realistia. am
savsebiT sasicocxlo xasiaTis gareSe sanCo ar iqneboda sruli, mxatvrulad
damTavrebuli saxe. ra vuyoT, rom erTi maTgani ekuTvnis socialurad
naxevrad maRal wres da meore ki _ dabalTa fenas. maT Soris didi
gansxvaveba rodia. sanCoc iseTive umiwawyalo glexia, rogorc don kixoti _
gudamSieri aznauri.
`don kixotis~ orive wignSi mkiTxvelis Tvalwin gaivlis 670-mde moqmedi
piri, romlebic sxvadasxva mxriTa da kuTxiT axasiaTeben maSindel epoqas. eseni
arian: samRvdeloebis warmomadgenlebi, gaiZvera meudabnoebi, filipe meoris
uxamsi moxeleebi, mconare aristokratebi, baqia jariskacebi, regveni da yoyoCa
eqmimebi; gaqnili mefundukeni da mejoreni, kaxpa qalebi, moxetiale aqtiorebi
da studentebi, profesiuli avazakebi da katorRelebi; iq gvxvdeba glexoba,
magram igi miwaTmoqmedebas rodi misdevs. gana ra miwaTmoqmedebaze
SeiZleboda laparaki maSin, roca mTeli espaneTi ukacriel udabnod iyo qce-
uli...
pol lafargis mowmobiT marqsis erT-erTi sayvareli wigni iyo `don
kixoti~. mTeli qveynis gamoCenili mwerlebi goeTe, haine, baironi, hiugo,
puSkini, gogoli, belinski, gerceni, turgenevi, gorki yovelTvis udidesi
simpaTiiTa da pativiscemiT ixseniebdnen servantessa da mis SesaniSnav gmirs.
puSkini urCevda axalgazrda gogols _ servantesisagan eswavla didi
tiloebis Seqmnis ostatoba.
saSinel siRatakeSi werda servantesi `don kixotis~ pirvel wigns. 1604
wlis Semodgomaze ukve mzad hqonda misi mniSvnelovani nawili. mTlianad
daamTavra da dabeWda 1605 wels. 1605 wlis ivlisidan valensiaSi ukve me-5
gamocema mzaddeboda. ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi 30 aTasi cali gaiyida,
rac im drois pirobebSi umagaliTo ambavi iyo. aramarto espaneTSi, aramed
portugaliaSi, safrangeTSi, italiaSi, niderlandebsa da inglisSi uTvalavi
ricxvi ibeWdeboda. yvelgan aRtacebiT miiRes igi. bevri ganzrax swavlobda
esanur enas, rom dedanSi waekiTxa es genialuri Txzuleba. bavSvebi xelidan
ar icilebdnen mas, Wabukebi aRtacebulebi iyvnen imiT, mozrdilebi qeba-
didebas uZRvnidnen mis genialur Semoqmeds, romelsac isev suli Zvreboda
SimSiliT da cixe-sapatimroebis xSiri stumari iyo. servantess araviTari
sargebloba ar miuRia am gamocemidan. mudam lukmapuris ZebnaSi datanjulma
avtorma wignis beWdvis ufleba winaswar ramdenime waliT dauTmo
gamomcemels. rac sazaralo Seiqmna servantesisaTvis. saerTod
literaturuli moRvaweoba nivTieread misTvis xelsayreli ar gamodga.
romanis literaturulma warmatebam aRafrTovana servantesi da Seudga
misi meore nawilis weras.
1605 wlidan 1608 wlamde servantesis Sesaxeb ar darCenila
dawvrilebiTi cnobebi. uTuod ijda romelime Ratak binaSi da werda.
mevaleebis garda, albaT, aRaravis axsovda igi. 1605 wlis 27 ivniss kvlav
Caagdes cixeSi misi saxlis axlos momxdari mkvlelobis gamo, magram male
gaaTavisufles. am xanebSi dawera sami soneti da novelaTa umravlesoba,
romlebic Semdeg (1613) calke wgamovida `samoZRvrebo novelebis~
saxelwodebiT. 1608 wlidan cxovrobs madridSi. garTulia ojaxuli

18. 21
saqmianobiT. codvilobs, raTa iSovos dro da uzrunvelyofili gaxdes
literaturuli muSaobisaTvis. 1611 wels gaxda fransisko de silvas mier
daarsebuli akademiis wevri. 1613 wlis 14 ivliss italiidan grafi lemosis
mier gamogzavnili daxmarebiT gamoqveynda misi `samoZRvrebo novelebi~ (12
novela), romelic servantesis erT-erTi saukeTeso wignia. ocdaaTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi werda igi am novelebs. `don kixotis~ Semdeg arc erT mis wigns
amdeni mkiTxveli ar hyolia. `Cveni espaneli bokaCo~1, _ ase uwoda servantess
am SesaniSnavi moTxrobebisa da ambebis gamoqveynebis Semdeg espanelma
dramaturgma tirso de molinam.
novelebi sriuliad originaluri arian. esaa espaneli xalxis yvela
fenis cxovrebis humoriT aRsavse suraTebi: TavadaznaurTa karmidamoebi,
qalaqis TavkacTa sakrebuloebi, lirikuli samijnuro Tavgadasavlebi,
piradad gancdili ambebi, _ asaxuli didi realistis mier mTeli Tavisi
nairferovnebiTa da sinatifiT, am ubadlo wignma dRemdec SeinarCuna
maraduWknobi siaxle da Tavidan bolomde Seusustebeli interesiT ikiTxeba.
1614 wels gamocemul satirul poemaSi _ `mogzauroba parnasze` _
servantesma sastiki brZola gamoucxada inkviziciisa da absoluturi
monarqiis mexotbe mwerlobas, xalxisaTvis mavne mwerlobasa da amocanad
daisaxa _ eCvenebia im mwerlobis mTeli araraoba da ubadrukoba, romelic
Zlier Sors dgas sinamdvilisagan. poeti sastikad hkicxavs da amaTraxebs
qimerul mwerlobas, romelic abnelebs xalxTa masebis Segnebasa da cdilobs
daarwmunos isini, rom am qveynad yvelaferi kargia, yvelaferi
gamarTlebulia. saerTod im wlebSi servantesis cxovreba dedaqalaqSi iyo
erTi ganuwyveteli omi am umaqnisi mwerlobisa da cudad organizebuli
sazogadoebis winaaRmdeg. is akritikebs Teatrs _ da mis winaaRmdeg
amxedrdnen dramaturgebi lope de vegas meTaurobiT; akritikebs poezias da
mas zizRiTa da mZulvarebiT ixsenieben samefo karis daqiravebuli poetebi.
maTTvis aRmaSfoTebeli iyo is, rom servantesma brwyivnale warmateba moipova
Tavisi niWis SemweobiT, maT eCoTirebodaT servantesis damoukidebeli
literaturuli da politikuri Sexedulebebi da amasTan Seuracxofilad
grZnobdnen Tavs, radgan servantesma bevrjer pirdapir Tu moiarebiT qeba-
didebiT rodi moixsenia sisni Tavis TxzulebebSi. magram, radgan avtoris
satira mimarTuli iyo ara marto calke mwerlebis, aramed saerTod axali
moduri mimarTulebis winaaRmdeg literaturaSi, Seuracxyofili aRmoCnda
yvela: didi lope de vega _ da sul mcirenic, _ uniWo da naklebadcnobilnic.
es aRSfoTeba da guliswyroma Semdeg aSkara mtrobaSi gadavida da servantess
sdevnidnen, aTasgvar cils swamebdnen, yovelmxriv xels uSlidnen, magram
veraferi aokebda genialur moxucs. is Tamamad gamoTqvamda gonivrul da
marTal Sexedulebebs, marjved eweoda daundobel brZolas yovelgvari
xelovnurobisa da cru, yalbi mwerlobis winaaRmdeg, simarTlisa da
sisadavisaTvis, xelovnebis aRmzrdelobiTi rolisaTvis. drodadro
miatovebda madrids, ewveoda eskiviass da iq, mSier-mwyurvali, didi jafiT
ganagrZobda `don kixotis~ meore nawilisa da sxva TxzulebaTa weras.
magram, roca `don kixotis~ ormocdamecxramete Tavi dawera (1614), qalaq
taragonSi alonso fernandes de avelianedas fsevdonimiT daibeWda `don
kixotis~ yalbi gagrZeleba. namdvili avtori dRemde ucnobia. metad
1
j o v a n o b o k a C o (1313_1357) _ gamoCenili italieli mwerali, `dekameronis~ avtori.

19. 22
aRmaSfoTebeli iyo servantesisaTvis es ambavi. viRac, ararsebuli avelianeda
Tavxeduri, mkacri gamoTqmebiT moagonebda servantess, Tu ra xSirad ijda
cixeebSi; brals sdebda, rom sapatimros jurRmulebSi gadaeCvia karg
sazogadoebas, dascinoda umegobro, umfarvelo moxucis WaRaras, uamrav
brZolaTa xeibris ubadrukobas.
crupentela avelianedam saSinlad daamaxinja don kixotis momxibvleli
saxe. keTilSobil rainds waarTva yovelgvari maxvilgoniereba da keTilSobi-
leba. mwuxare saxis raindi gadaiqca Cveulebrivi WkuadamTxveulobisa da
umsgavso silenCis ugvan narevad. cru avtorma ver gaigo mTeli is
sulgrZeloba, gulkeTiloba da originaloba, rac mosdgamda don kixotis
sigiJes. amis nacvlad avelianedam daxata marTlac mouxeSavi, xepre, sabralo
xeibari, regveni da gamotvinebuli vinme, romelic dulsinea toboselis
siyvarulsac ki uaryofda. gulkeTili sanCo pansas saxec mTlianad gardaqmna
da gaaTaxsira.
kargad icoda servantesma: mTeli Txzuleba muxanaTuri siZulvilisa da
sazizRari SurisZiebis nayofi rom iyo.
am aRmaSfoTebelma literaturulma oinbazobam didad garisxa
servantesi, ramac mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia romanis Semdgom damuSavebaze.
aCqarebiT daiwyo Sroma da meore nawili 1615 wlis oqtomberSi gamovida.
ormocdamecxramete Tavidan servantesma ramdenjerme gauswora angariSi
ukeTur avelianedas, mwvaved gaakritika da gaamaTraxa igi.
imave wlis seqtemberSi calke wignad daibeWda servantesis `komediebi
da intermediebi~ (16 piesa). am piesaTa gamocemam da `don kixotis~ meore
nawilis warmatebam odnav suli moaTqmevina servantess da gamoacocxla.
samaris karebTan mimdgari moxuci xaliasianad werda axal romans da
eskiviasel megobrebs ukiTxavda yvela Txzulebas: es iyo `persilesi~,
`galaTeas~ meore tomi, wigni `kvirebi baRSi~, komedia `mxedvelobis Secdoma~
da `qebuli bernando~. yvela amaTgan, avtoris sikvdilis Semdeg servantesis
qvrivma _ katalinam gamosca `persilesisa da sigizmundas yariboba~ (1617),
danarCeni xelnawerebi daikarga.
servantesis ukanaskneli nawarmoebi `Crdilouri moTxroba persilesisa
da sigizmundas yaribobasa da vnebebze~ prozad dawerili epikuri poemaa.
miuxedavad imisa, rom igi heliodores (Zveli berZeni mwerali) mibaZviTaa
dawerili, servantesis niWi mainc Zlierad Zgers am romanSi. TviT avtorsac
saukeTesod miaCnia is Tavis nawarmoebTa Soris. `samoZRvrebo novelebis~
prologSi is ambobs: Tu vicocxleb, gpirdebiT gamovaqveyno `persilesisa da
sigizmundas yariboba~, romelic gabedavs gautoldes heliodores, Tuki am
kadnierebisaTvis is Tavs ar wagebso. romanis popularobas amtkicebs is, rom
wigni imave wels xelaxla gamoica pamplinSi, barselonaSi, lisabonSi,
valensiaSi. 1618_1626 wlebSi gadaiTargmna italiur, frangul da inglisur
enebze, `persilesi~ axlac itacebs mkiTxvels Seudarebeli eniT, azrTa
simkveTriT, grZnobaTa gasaocari gaqanebiT.
servantesma 1616 wlis 19 aprils daamTavra Tavisi ukanaskneli romani.
daZabulma Sromam da mZime avadmyofobam saSinlad moqanca. wigni da misi
avtori erTidaimave dros Tavdebodnen, magram mas mainc ar gaugdia xelidan
kalami. gardacvalebamde oTxi dRiT adre, loginSi mwoliarem, dawera
intimurobiT aRsavse da Rrma sibrZniT gasaocari prologi `persilesisa~,
sadac sruli gulwrfelobiT, sicxadiTa da simtkiciT gamoeTxova megobrebs.

20. 23
esaa xalisiani werili graf lemosisadmi, romelsac uZRvna `samoZRvrebo
novelebi~, `don kixotis~ meore wigni, `komediebi~ da `persilesi~.
`Cemi dReebi daTvlilia, sicocxle qreba, sevda matulobs. ukve Sevdgi
fexi uzangSi... axla ki mSvidobiT, laRo xumrobav, mSvidobiT xalisiano si-
cocxlev, mSvidobiT megobrebo~. aseTi gulTbili sityvebiT amTavrebs igi wigns.
xalisiani sicocxlis aseTi siyvaruliT aRgznebuli gaSorda is _ 1616
wlis 23 aprils sayvarel samSoblos, romelmac Tavis erT-erT saukeTeso
Svils arguna saSineli tyveoba, momqancveli usargeblo laSqrobani,
autaneli siRatake, literaturul mterTa mxriv daundobeli ciliswameba,
mevaleTa devna. brwyinvale mecenatTa SemTxveviT, qedmaRluri, damamcirebeli
moqyalebiTa da nasufraliT cxovreba.
servantesi dakrZales ubralod da Raribulad trinitarelTa
monasterSi. misi samare male daikarga, magram darCa brwyinvale saxeli,
romelic maraduWknobi iqneba mTeli kulturuli kacobriobisaTvis.
nika agiaSvili

21. 24
p r o l o g i
moclilo mkiTxvelo, dauficebladac damijereb, Tu rogor msurs es
Cemi wigni, Cemi Wkua-gonebis Svili, iyos yvela wignze mSvenieri, yvelaze
sasaimovno sakiTxavi da gonivruli, xelixelsagogmanebeli da unaklo
Txzuleba, rogorc ki SeiZleba warmovidginoT. magram gana SemeZlo bunebis
kanonebs win aRvdgomodi? naTqvamia: rogoric mama _ iseTi Svilio, amitom Cemi
unayofo da gaunaTlebeli Wkuis nawarmoebi sxva ra unda iyos, Tu ara
moTxroba gaZvaltyavebul, CaCanak da axirebuli xasiaTis, nair-nairi azrebiT
Sepyrobil gmirze. misi msgavsi Znelad Tu iqneba sadme. misgvari zraxvebi ki
jer arasodes fiqradac aravis mosvlia TavSi? an ki ra gasakvirvelia:
ukeTesi ra daibadeboda sapyrobileSi, sadac vai-ubedurebis meti ara aris-ra,
sadac yovelgvar siduxWires daudevs TavSesafari da sevdasa da varams
dausadgurebia? wynari, sasiamovno adgili, mSvenieri warmtaci velebi,
laJvardovani ca, nakadulebis Cxriali, sulis damamSvidebeli mdgomareoba, _
diaxac rom sxvarigad momarTaven adamianis Wkua-gonebas da TviT unayofo
muzebsac ki nayofiers gaxdian mTeli qveynis sasiamovno da gasaocari
STamomavlobis Sesaqmnelad. marTalia, isic bervjer moxdeba xolme, rom
maxinji da uxeiro Svilis mama, mSobliuri siyvarulis gamo
TvalebaxveuliviT araTu ver xedavs Tavisi Svilis nakls, aramed ufro metic,
Wkua-gonebisa da siCauqis niSani hgonia is da megobrebs wamdauwum Svilis
maxvilgonierebaze, Snosa da lazaTze mouTxrobs. magram, swore mogaxseno, me
don kixotis namdvili mama arc ki var, ufro mis maminacvlad CaviTvlebi, da
ar minda, uZvirfaseso mkiTxvelo, sxvebis fexis xmas avyve da maT msgavsad
Tvalcremlianma gevedro, damiTmo rame, da an, rasac Cem CvilSvil wignSi
naklovanebasa naxav, dafaro da ise moiqce, TiTqos amas ver amCnevde. ras
daeZeb? Sen arc naTesavi xar amisi, arc megobari; Senc yvela CvenganiviT Seni
azrisa da Tavisufali neba-survilis sruli baton-patroni xar, Sens saxlSi
zixar da iq iseTive ufleba Segferis, rogorc mefes Tavis xazinaSi; xom
gagigonia andaza: `Cems qurqqveS gind mefesac movklavo~. yvelaferi es gixsnis
da gaTavisuflebs yovelgvari pirmoTneobis, TvalTmaqcobisa da
valdebulebisagan, amitomac am istoriaze rac genebos, isa sTqvi; nu geSinia:
cuds ityvi _ aravin dagemdureba, kargs ityvi _ aravin dagajildovebs.
mindoda es wigni, rogorc damiweria, ise gaulamazeblad da mourTav-
moukazmavad momerTmia SenTvis; arc prologi damerTo TavSi, an sxvadsxva
uamravi warwerebi, arc Cveulebrivi sonetebi, epigramebi da qebaTa-qebani
wamemZRvarebia win, rogorc sxva mwerlebi Cadian xolme. unda mogaxsenoT, rom
am wignis SeTxzvam cotad ki ar gamiWirva saqme; magram axla rom prologs
kiTxulob, imis daweras rac Sroma movandome, imdeni, mgonia, arafrisTvis ar
momindomebia. bevrjer aviRe kalami da isev davde, radgan ar vicodi _ ra
damewera. da ai, erTxel, magidasTan vijeqi, erTi Tabaxi qaRaldi medva win,
kalami yurs ukan mqonda gaCrili, idayviT magidaze viyavi dabjenili da
loyiT zelze dayrdnobili; am mdgomareobaSi vfiqrobdi da vyoymanobdi, ra
damewera. am dros moulodnelad erTi Cemi megobari mewvia, Wkviani da
mxiaruli xasiTis kaci, da aseT gaWirvebaSi rom mnaxa, daRrejilobis mizezi
mkiTxa. araferi davumale da vuTxar _ Zalian meZneleba don kixotis
ambisaTvis winasityvaobis dawera-meTqi; mgoni, yvelafers Tavi davanebo da

22. 25
esoden patiosani da keTilSobili raindis sagmiro saqmeni aRar gavaqveyno-
meTqi.
_ aba, rogor gnebavT, gana ar unda davRonde? ras ityvis uZvelesi
kanonmdebeli, anu xalxi, rom amodena xani daviwyebaSi vimyofebodi da axla
siberis TvirTiT dauZlurebuli kvlav asparezze gamovdivar da isic
CalasaviT gamofituli TxzulebiT, sadac mkiTxveli verca-ra
maxvilgonierebas Sexvdeba, verc mWermetyvelebas,, verc sibrZnesa da
mecnierebas, verc sqolioebs kabadonebze da verc ganmartebasa da SeniSvnebs
wignis boloSi, sxva wignebi ki, Tumca wminda mogonebebiTa da zRaprebiTac
arian savseni, mainc ise arian Sezavebulni aristoteles, platonisa da sxva
filosofosTa azrebiT, rom aRtacebuli mkiTxveli wignis RirsebiT
gaocebulia da mTxzvelic mwignobrad, ganaTlebulad da mWermetyvelad
miaCnia-meTqi. aba ucqireT, zogi mwerali ras Cadis! Tavis nawerSi saRvTo
werilsac ki imowmebs-meTqi: gegonebaT wminda Tomebi, an eklesiis moZRvrebi
iyvnen. masTan ase ostatoben: erT gverdze rom viRac CerCet da garyvnil
moarSiyeze gviamboben, meoreSi umal saRvTo werilebidan qristianul
qadagebas mogiyvebian da iseTs darigebas getyvian, rom yurs ver moaSoreb da
Tvals ver moaridebT. Cems wigns aseTi ara ecxeba-ra: arc sqolioSi maqvs
rame Casaweri da arc boloSi ram gasamartebeli: isic ar vici, romel avtors
mivyve, rom wignis boloSi misi saxeli mainc gamovacxado, rogorc sxvebi
sCadian xolme, anbanis rigze, aristoteledan mokidebuli homerosamde,
qsenofonte, zoili da zevqsisic Sig Cavatano da araviTari yuradReba ar
mivaqcio imas, rom pirveli boroti molaybe iyo da meore ki mxatvari. Cems
wigns arc sonetebi eqneba darTuli winasityvaobis magier; metadre markizebis
da hercogebis SeTxzulebi, anu grafebis da episkoposebisa, anu kidev
gamoCenili sefe-qalebisa da SesaniSnavi poetebisa, Tumca SemeZlo oriode
Cemi megobrisaTvis meTxova, _ iseT sonetebs SemiTxzavdnen, mTels espaneTSi
badali ara hqonodaT-meTqi. erTi sityviT, Cemo xelmwifev da megobaro, _
ganvagrZe me, _ Cemi gadawyvetileba es aris-meTqi: batonma don kixotma
lamanCis arqivebSi im dromdis ganisvenos, vidre Cemze niWieri mwerali vinme
gamoCndebodes da im nakls Seuvsebdes, rac me ver SeviZel: arc Zala Semwevs
da arc swavla maqvs, rom amas vuSvelo rame, masTan bunebiTac zarmaci da
usaqmuri var, _ Tavis Sewuxeba mezareba: ver waval da im mwerlebs ver
movZebni, romelnic imis mets veras metyvian, rac TviTon SemiZlia vTqva. ai,
amitom var Rrmad dafiqrebuli da daRonebuli, yvela am mizezs, rac axla
gagacaniT, mgonia, kacs daRoneba SeuZlia-meTqi.
Cemma megobarma moismina Cemi naTqvami, Sublze xeli itkica da xmamaRali
xarxariT miTxra:
_ garwmunebT, Zmobilo, axla im cdomilebidan gamomiyvaneT, ra
cdomilebaSic Cveni xangrZlivi nacnobobis aqeT vimyofebodio. yovelTvis
gonieri da mofiqrebuli kacimegoneT da axla ki vxedav _ erTi bewvis odena
Wkuac ara gqoniaTo. nuTu aseT umniSvnelo da advilad gamosasworebel
garemoebas daufiqrebixarT? mag Wkuis patroni aseTma ubralo ramem rogor
SegawuxaT, rodesac ufro mZime saqmeebi dagiZleviaTo? patiosnebas geficebiT,
eg imitom ki ar mogdiT, rom niWi gakliaT, aramed imitom, rom zanti xarT da
mosazreba ara gyofniTo. gindaT dagarwmunebT, rom simarTles mogaxsenebTo?
maS, aba yuri damigdeT, bejiTad momismineT, rasac getyviT da dainaxavT, mag
gaWirvebasa da yvela siZneles erT wamSi gagiqarwylebT da im nakls

23. 26
SegivsebT, romlis gamo, rogorc ambobT, Zlier Sewuxebuli xarT, aRar
gyofniT gambedaoba da lamis Tavi daaneboT Tqveni SesaniSnavi don kixotis _
mTeli mogzauri raindobis am sarkisa da manaToblis _ ambebis gamoqveynebaso.
_ keTili, _ mivuge me, roca misi sityvebi movismine. _ aba miTxariT,
rogor apirebT amoavsoT ufskruli Cemi SeZrwunebisa da gafantoT qaosi Cemi
daRrejilobisa-meTqi.
amis sapasuxod warmoTqva:
_ Tqveni Sewuxebis pirveli mizezi is aris, rom wignis dasawyisSi
didebul da saxelovan kacTa mier SeTxzuli sonetebi, epigramebi da Sesxmani
ar dagitanebiaT. am ubedurebas ai, rogor unda uSveloT: eg Sesaxmani da
sonetebi rogorme Tqven TviTon SeTxzeT, da qveS _ visi saxelic ufro
mogwonT, is miawereT, Tund mRvdelmTavar ioane indoeTelisa an trapizonis
imperatorisa. gamigonia, da amis Sesaxeb cnobebic ki moipoveba, rom eseni
Cinebuli poetebi yofilan; Tundac poetebi ar yofiliyvnen, da vincobaa vinme
axirebulma, pedantebma anu TviTon bakalavrebmac kamaTi dagiwyon,
gagaTaxsiron da gekinklavon, es sicrueao, _ yvelafer amas ainuSic nu
CaagdebT, radgan sicrue kidec rom dagimtkicon, ras gizamen? im sicruis
damwer xels xom ver mogWrian?
rac Seexeba kabadonebze im wignTa da avtorTa citatebis moTavsebas,
romelTaganac amoiReT sentenciebi da warmonaTqvamebi Tqveni moTxrobisaTvis,
girCevT ase moiqceT: garemoebisdagvarad SeufardeT romelime sentencia an
andaza,romelic zepirad iciT, an yovel SemTxvevaSi advili mosaZebnia.
magaliTad, roca Tavisuflebasa da monobaze alaparakdebiT, es daataneT:
Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro,
da iqve kabadonebze aRniSneT, rom es horaciusis, an vinme sxva mwerlis
sityvebia-Tqo. Tu vincobaa wignSi sikvdilis daundoblobasa da mis momsrav
Zalaze iyos laparaki, dauyovnebliv miawereT:
Pallida mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas,
Regumque turres.
Tu megobrobasa da siyvarulze gindaT, anu mtris siyvarulze, rasac
TviTon RmerTi gvibrZanebs, maSinve saRvTo werili gadaSaleT da advilad
ipoviT TviT uflis naTqvams: Ego autem dico vobis; diligite inimicos vestros. Tu borot
ganzraxvaze mogixdeT laparaki, gaixseneT saxareba: De corde exeunt cogitationes
malae; Tu megobris gautanlobaze imsjelebT, maSin katoni moixmareT Tavis
orstriqoniani leqsiT:
Donec eris felix, multos numerabis amicos,
Temnora si fuerint nubila, solus eris.
aseTi citatebis gamo, sxva rom ara iyos-ra, laTinuri enis did mcodned
mainc CagTvlian, da es ki Cvens droSi Zalian sapatio da sasargeblo saxelia.
axla wignis boloSi Tu SeniSvnebsa da ganmartebas daurTavT, amis
Svelac advilia. damSvidebiT SegiZliaT ase moiqceT: Tqvens wignSi Tu vinme
falavanze SegxvdeT laparaki, ise moaxerxeT, rom im falavans uTuod
goliaTi daarqvaT, _ es advilia. amiT araferi dagiSavdebaT, xolo am
saxelidan wignis bolos mTeli erTi grZeli SeniSvna gagiCndebaT, magaliTad,
amgvari: `falavani goliasi, anu goliaTi, filistimleli iyo,
romelic Terefintos velze mwyemsma daviTma Surdulidan qvis
sroliT mokla, rogorc mogviTxrobs wigni mefeTa ama da am TavSi,

24. 27
ama da am muxlSi, sadac SegiZliaT es ambavi waikiTxoT~, da sxva
(monaxeT da aRniSneT es Tavi).
mere, Tu gindaT swavlul kacad aCvenoT Tavi, sxvadasxva saero
mecnierebis mcodned da did kosmografadac, ecadeT rogorme wignSi mdinare
taxo moixsenoT. maSin SegeZlebaT erTi grZeli da Cinebuli SeniSvna
daurToT. ase ityviT: `mdinare taxos es saxeli espaneTis erTi
mefisagan daerqva; am mdinares saTave ama da am adgilas aqve, da
jer rom Cinebuli qalaqis lisabonis kedlebs eamboreba, mas Semdeg
igi okeanes erTvis. amboben, viTomc am mdinareSi oqros qviSa
ipovebodes~... da sxva. Tu qurdebisa da avazakebis aRwera dagWirdeT, kakusis
ambavs mogcemT, romelic zepirad vici. Tu znedacemul mandilosnebze
sweroT, _ ai mondonedis episkoposi, is moixmareT: misi lamia, laisa da
flora aiReT sagnad da amaze erTi didi SeniSvna SeTxzeT, riTac
sayovelTao pativiscemas daimsaxurebT; Tu sastik da gulqva qalebze TqvaT
rame _ ovidiusi dagexmarebaT misi medeaTi; Tu grZneul da jadosan qalebze
CamoagdoT laparaki _ homerosi migiTiTebT Tavis kalifsoze da virgiliusi
Tavis circeaze; Tu mamaci sardali iqneba savaWro _ TviTon iulius keisari
aq ar aris Tavis mogonebebiT, an kidev plutarqe ar SemogTavazebT
aTasobiT aleqsandreas? Tu mijnurobaze mogixdeT laparaki da toskanuri ena
odnav mainc gagegebaT, maSin leon hebreo aseTebiT yelamdis agavsebT, da, Tu
sxva qveyanaSi dagezaroT wasvla, fonseka da misi Txzuleba xom Sina gaqvT.
mis `RvTisnier siyvarulSi~ moTavsebulia yvelaferi, rac ki am Temaze
dawerila: verc Tqven da verc sxva vinme didi mcodne ukeTess ver inatrebs
da mas Tqven ki ara, TviTon Rrma mecnieric mravalgvarad gamoiyenebs. erTi
sityviT, ecadeT Tqvens ambavSi mxolod is saxelebi moixsenioT, romlebic
giTxariT, cotaodnad istoriasac gamohkariT klanWi, maSin SeniSvnebisa da
magaliTebis dawera me momandeT, da, garwmunebT, imdeni ram movigono, rom
oTxi dabeWdili Tabaxic ar eyos.
axla Tu im mTxzvelebis moxseneba iqneba saWiro, romlebic sxva
wignebisaTvis daurTavT da TqvensaSi ki ar arian, amaze advili ra aris?
mxolod iseTi wigni iSovneT, sadac yvela avtoris sia iyos CarTuli anidan
moyolebuli Äoemdis, rogorc Tqven brZanebT, da es anbanuri sia daurTeT
Tqvens wigns; da Tu sicrueSi dagiWires, amiT bevri ara dagakldebaT-ra,
radgan TqvenTvis araviTar saWiroebas ar warmoadgens mibaZoT am avtorebs.
ueWverlia, Tqvens wigns iseTi gulubryvilo mkiTxvelic bevri Sexvdeba, rom
daijeros _ viTim Tqveni umanko ambis dasawerad siaSi moqceuli yvela
avtoriT ixelmZRvaneleT. sul rom ara iyos-ra, gamoCenili, swavlulebisa da
mecnierebis saxelebi Tqvens wigns Rirsebas miscems. masTan, visTvis aris
saWiro gamoikvlios moxsenebuli avtorebi marTla mogixmariaT Tu ara.magram
ufro mets vityvi: ase mgonia _ Tqveni wigni araviTar Sevsebas da Selamazebas
ar saWiroebs. Tqven Tqveni wigni saraindo romanebis gasakicxavad dagiweriaT,
_ am saganze ki arc aristoteles uweria rame da arc wminda basils;
cicerons xom saraindo romanebze araviTari warmodgena ar aqvs, moCmaxul
sisuleleebs da abdaubdas araviTari saerTo ara aqvs WeSmaritebis zust
moTxovnilebasa da varskvlavTmricxvelobis dakvirvebebTan; Tqvens wigns ra
xeli aqvs geometriul ganzomilebasTan an saistorio sabuTebTan da wesebTan;
misi sagani arc qadagebaa, sadac RvrTaebrivi da kacobriuli erTmaneTSi aris
areuli: amgvari qadagebisagan RmerTma yvela qristiani daixsnas. erTaderTi,

25. 28
riTac unda isargebloT Tqvens TxzulebaSi, esaa Zveli wignebis mibaZva,
radgan, rac ufro srulyofili iqneba mibaZva, rac ukeTesi kiloTi iqneba
dawerili igi, miT umetesad unaklulo iqneba wigni; raki isa gaqvT sagnad da
gsurT, rom Tqveni Txzuleba mimarTuli iyos iqiTken, raTa mospoT da yvelas
TvalSi daamciroT rainduli romanebis mniSvnelobda da gavlena, rac jer
kidev aqvT maT gaunaTlebel xalxSi, amisaTvis rodia saWiro samowyaleod
daeZebdeT filosofosebisagan _ brZnul gamonaTqvamebs, saRvTo werilidan _
darigebebs, poetebisagan _ zRaprul ocnebebs, ritorebisagan _
mWevrmetyvelebas da wmindanebisagan _ saswaulebs. ecadeT mxolod, rom
Tqveni sityvebi gasagebi, cxadi, Tavaziani da wrfeli iyos, rom ambavi
gasarTobi da kiloJRerovani gamovides da savsebiT gamoxatoT, rac Tqvens
ocneba-gamoxatulebas warmoudgenia; ecadeT, sadac es SesaZlebelia da
dasaSvebi, azrebi erTmaneTSi ar arioT da ar daxlarToT, gasagebad da
naTlad gamoTqvaT gulisnadebi; ecadeT agreTve ambavs mxiaruli xasiaTi
misceT, rom Tqveni moTxrobis wakiTxvam gulCaTxrobili kaci gaacinos,
mxiaruli Cveulebrivze mometebiT axarxaros. martivsa da CerCets Tavi ar
moabezros, gamocdili Tqvenma xelovnebam gaakvirvos, darbaiselma igi ar
aiTvaliswunos da brZensac Tqveni qeba aTqmevinos, erTi sityviT, mudam isa
gqondeT miznad, Zirs dasceT is uzarmazari futuronageboba saraindo
romanebi rom hqvia da gamkicxavebze ufro meti maqebari roma hyavs. da Tu amas
moaxerxebT, _ Tqvens friad saqebars mizans miaRwevT.
uRrmesi yuradRebiT vusmendi Cems megobars da misi azrebi ise momewona,
ise aRibeWda Cems mexsierebaSi misi sityvebi, rom sityvis Seubruneblad
samarTlianad CavTvale isini da winasityvaobis nacvlad am Cems ambavs
prologad davurTe. daxe SemTxvevas, sayvarelo mkiTxvelo! roca am prologs
waikiTxav, mixvdebi, Tu ra Wkviani yofila Cemi megobari da rarigad miSvela
misma fxizelma gonebam: mere da ra gaWirvebis talkvesad momevlina aseTi
mrCeveli! garda amisa, Svebas igrZnob, rom raRac-raRaceebis mogonebiT aRarc
me gavixeTqe Tavi da arc Sen Segawuxe da ase Seulamazeblad da Seumkoblad
warmogidgine istoria saxelovani don kixot lamanCelisa; SenTvisac ase
sjobia; erTic, rom _ wakiTxvaze cota dro dagexarjeba da meore _ rac
momxdara, mxolod imas Seityob. bevrs ar dagamunaTeb, rom aseTi SesaniSnavi
raindis Tavgadasavals giambob, romelzedac montielis midamos mcxovrebni
axlac ki azrisani arian, rom igi ubiwo mijnuri da uSiSari raindi iyoo da
misi msgavsi Cvens mxareSi didi xania aRar yofilao. ar msurs Tqvens winaSe
gavazviado Cemi damsaxurebani aseTi gamoCenili da sasaxelo raindis
gacnobiT, magram SesaniSnavi sanCo pansas, Cveni raindis saWurvelmtvirTvelis
gacnobas ki, imedi maqvs _ didad damimadleb; radgan, ase mgonia, am kacSi
Tavmoyrilia saWurvelmtvirTvelTa yvela niWi da Rirseba, romelTa aRwera
gabneulia uamrav sulelur saraido romanebSi. dasasrul, RmerTma mSvidoba
Senc mogces da mec nu damiviwyebs. Vale!

26. 29
T a v i I
sadac moTxrobilia saxelovani idalgo don kixot lamanCelis zne-
xasiaTisa da Cveulebis ambavi
lamanCis romeliRac sofelSi _ saxelis mogoneba ara msurs, arc ise
didi xania mas Semdeg, rac cxovrobda erTi idalgo _ imaTTagani, romelTa
mTel simdidres Seadgens mamapapuri Subi, ZvelisZveli fari, erTi jaglagi
cxeni da erTic mwevari. es idalgo Zalian ubralo cxovrebas eweoda:
bevrjer sadilad Zroxis xorcis olasa Wamda, cxvris xorcs ki iSviaTad
miirTmevda, TiTqmis yovel vaxSmad vinegrets giaxlebodaT, SabaTobiT qonian
tafamwvars, paraskeobiT ospis SeWamands, da kviraobiT ki, sxva Cveulebriv
sanovages garda, mtredis tabaks, _ amas undeboda misi Semosavlis sami
meoTxedi, xolo danarCeni tanisamosze exarjeboda: sadResaswaulod ikeravda
wminda maudis mosasxams, xaverdis Sarvals da waRebs; samudamdReod
saukeTeso xarisxis Sinauri qsovilis tansacmels xmarobda. masTan
cxovrobdnen: erTi ormocwels gadasuli saxlis gamgebeli mandilosani, erTi
diswuli qali _ daaxloebiT oci wlisa da erTic msaxuri biWi _ Sin da
mindvrad samuSaod: am biWis movaleoba iyo beberi cxenis Sekazmva da baRSi
sasxlavis xmareba. Cveni idalgo ormocdaaTi wlisa sruldeboda; Tumc
kafandara da pirxmeli iyo, mainc brge agebuleba hqonda, nadirobis didi
trfiali iyo da dilaadrian adgoma uyvarda. amboben, saxelad kixada Tu
kesada erqvao (am sakiTxSi misi cxovrebis aRmwerni erTmaneTs ar eTanxmebian),
magram am sagnis bejiTsa da ufo keTilsindisier mkvlevars Tu davujerebT,
ufro kexana unda rqmeoda. Tumc Cveni moTxrobisaTvis amas arc Tu ise didi
mniSvneloba aqvs, mxolod sakamaToa naambobSi WeSmaritebas odnavadac ar
gavcdeT.
isic unda iTqvas, rom zemoxsenebuli idalgo moclilobisas (xolo is
TiTqmis mTeli wlis manZilze moclili iyo), sul saraindo romanebs
kiTxulobda da iseTis gulmodginebiT da TavdaviwyebiT, rom mamulis
movlasa da nadirobasac ki mianeba Tavi. misi cnobismoyvareoba da
WkuadamTxveuloba iqamdis mivida, rom ramdenime qceva xodabuni gayida, raTa
sakiTxavad saraindo wignebi SeeZina, da Sin imdeni moagrova es romanebi,
ramdenis Sovnac ki SeeZlo. am wignebSi yvelaze saxelganTqmulad gamoCenili
felisiano de silvas Txzuleba miaCnda, radgan misi prozis brwyinvaleba da
maRalfardovani sityvebi Cvens idalgos ubralod warmoedgina. metadre
moswonda satrfialo werilebis an xmalSi gamowvevis ambavTa wakiTxva, sadac
xSirad aRniSnuli iyo Semdegi: `msjelobaTa, romliTac Tqven CemTa sjaTa
gansjiT, egzom aqvT gavlena CemTa gansjaTa zeda, rom me ganusjelad ganvsji
Tqvens mSvenierebas.~ da kidev aseTebsac kiTxulobda: `... cani maRalni
varskvlavTa saSualebiT Tqveni RvTaebriobisa RvTaebrivad damamtkicebeli,
im RirsebaTa Rirsad gqmnian Tqven, risic Rirsia Tqveni Rirseuloba...~ aseTi
frazebis kiTxva Cvens sabralo kabalieros goneba Seuryies. mTel Rames sul
im TavisxeTqaSi aTenebda, egeb maTi azri rogorme amoexsna da Seegno, magram
amas aba rogor SeiZlebda, rodesac imaTi azris Segneba da gageba TviTon
aristotelesac gauWirdeboda, Tundac es gamoCenili mecnieri gangeb
amisaTvis mkvdreTiT amdgariyo. advili rodi iyo warmoedgina, Tu rogor

27. 30
Rebulobda brZolebSi uamrav Wrilobas don belianisi. an, piriqiT, rogor
aSTobda igi sxvebs, radgan idalgos egona, rac ar unda gamocdili
yofiliyvnen eqimebi, am rainds mTeli tani da saxe mainc WrilobebiT
aWrelebuli eqnebodao. magram mainc Zlier aqebda avtors da is ufro
moswonda, rom ambavs lazaTianad aboloebso da Tan wignis kvlav ganagrZobas
gvpirdebao. bevrjer mouvlida xolme Jini kalami aeRo da TviTon bolomde
daewera wignis gagrZeleba, rogorc iq iyo dapirebuli. amas, albaT, Caidenda,
iqneb sasiqadulodac aesrulebina kidec, Tu xeli ar SeeSala sxva
RirsSesaniSnav da gadaudebel ganzraxvebs. Cveni kabaliero xSirad
ekamaTeboda xolme Tavis soflis mRvdels (mRvdeli mecnieri kaci iyo da
swavlulis xarisxi siguensaSi hqonda miRebuli) imaze, Tu romel rainds
ufro Svenoda pirveloba: palmerino inglisels, Tu amadis galels; magram
soflis dalaqi, ostati nikolasi, amtkicebda, raind febs vercerTi ver
Seedrebao. da Tu vinmesTan SeiZleboda imis Sedareba, rasakvirvelia, isev
don galaorTan, amadis galelis ZmasTan, radgan zniTa da xasiaTiT yvelas
mjobnia, ZmasaviT mowuwune da pranWia araa da vaJkacobiTac mas ar
dauvardebao.
erTi sityviT, Cveni kabaliero ise gaitaca wignebis kiTxvam, rom mTel
dResa da Rames kiTxvaSi atarebda, xolo amas is mohyva, rom uZilobiTa da
bevri kiTxviT mTlad gamotvinda da gagiJda. sul isRa elandeboda, rac
wignebSi amoikiTxa: grZneulebani, ayalmayali, Cxubi da brZolebi, xmalSi
gawvevani, Wrilobebi, arSiyobani, samijnuro poemebi, gulis wuxili da sxva
mravali axirebuli sisulele. ise mtkiced swamda yvela es moCmaxuli da
suleluri zRapari, rom maTze WeSmariti ambavi qveynad sxva aRaar eCveneboda-
ra. sjeroda, rom sidi rui diasi saxelovani raindi iyoo, magram _ umatebda,
mgznebare maxvilis rainds mainc ver Seedreboda, xmlis erTi SemokvriT ori
uzarmazari, mZvinvare goliaTi Suaze rom gakveTao. ufro met pativs scemda
bernando del karpios, radgan mas ronsevalis xeobaSi moxibluli rolandi
imave xerxiT moekla, ra xerxiTac herkulesma miwis Zed wodebuli anTeosi
moaxrCo. did xotbas asxamda goliaT morgants, radgan igi, Tumc ampartavani
da Tavxedi goliaTebisagan STamomavlobda, mainc zrdilobiani da Tavaziani
xasiaTis iyo. magram yvelaze mometebulad mas reinaldo del montalbaneli
moswonda, metadre maSin roca mas Tavis cixe-darbazidan gamolaSqrebul
warmoidgenda gamvlel-gamomvlelTa saZarcvavad gamosuls, anu zRvis gaRma
qveynebSi gamgzavrebuls mahmadis kerpis mosataceblad _ avtoris sityviT,
pitalo oqrosi rom yofila. xolo moRalate ganelonis erTi magari
mibegvisaTvis Cveni idalgo sisamovnebiT dasTmobda Tavis saxlis gamgebel
qals da diswulsac miusarTebda.
bolos savsebiT WkuanaRrZobma, iseTi ucnauri saqme ganizraxa, rogorc
amqveynad arasodes arc erT giJs fiqradac ar mosvloda. saxeldobr is, rom
metad saWirod miaCnda, rogorc piradi didebis mosaxveWad, ise kidev
samSoblos sasargeblodac, mogzauri raindi gamxdariyo, iaraRi aesxa, cxenze
Semjdariyo, qveynis qveynad xifaTisa da faTerakebis saZebnad exetialna, _
erTi sityviT, yovelive is gaekeTebia, rasac Cveulebriv Cadiodnen romanebSi
amokiTxuli mogzauri raindebi: daTrgunvili WeSmariteba aRedgina, araviTar
safrTxes da gaWirvebas ar morideboda, devnilTa da upatronoT
gamosarCleboda da amiT saukuno saxeli da dideba daemkvidrebia. sabralos,
TiTqos, am TaviTve elandeboda, rom vaJkacur RvawlTa jildo sul ara oyos-

28. 31
ra, trapizonis samefos gvirgvin mainc daadgamda Tavze. aseTi saamuri
fiqrebiT gatacebuli da araCveulebrivad gaxarebuli don kixoti daeSura
Tavisi wadili Cqara Seesrulebia. uwinares yovlisa, gawminda sadRac kuTxeSi
miyrili, saukunovani JangiTa da obiT dafaruli mamapapiseuli iaraRi.
rogorc SeeZlo, kargad gaapriala da SeakeTa is; magram anazdad SeniSna, rom
erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nivTi aklda: zaradiani CaCqanis nacvlad
naglejiRa darCeniliyo. magram misma xerxianoba aqac uSvela: muyaosagan
naxevrad-CaCqani gaakeTa, nagleJs miamagra da namdvili CaCqanis msgavsi raRac
Seakowiwa. ar davfaravT, rom Cvens idalgos mounda _ gamoecadna misi
simtkice da gaego _ gauZlebda Tu ara is brZolebs. am ganzraxviT daSna
aiRo, orjer Ronivrad Semohkra CaCqans da mTeli kviris namuSevari pirvelive
dartymiT erT wuTSive gaanadgura. CaCqani rom ase advilad nakuw-nakuwad
iqca, arc Tu didad esiamovna, da rom aseTi sabrTxisaTvis kvlav Tavi
daeRwia, CaCqanis keeTebas xelmeored Seudga. meti simagrisaTvis Sig ramdenime
firfita daatana da mavTuliT rkinis balTebi gaukeTa. dabolos, friad
kmayofili darCa CaCqanis simtkiciT, am nakeTobas xelmeored gamocda aRar
moisurva, didad moewona Tavisi naxelavi da darwmunda, aseTi namdvili,
magari da rigze SeWedili CaCqani mTels qveyanaze aravis eqnebao.
iaraRi rom moawyo, axla Tavisi jaglagi SeaTvaliera, Tumca im cxens
imdeni seni sWirda, ramdeni kuarto realSic ar iqneba da gonelis cxenzedac
bevrad sacodavi sanaxavi iyo, radgan tyavisa da ZvlebisaganRa Sesdgeboda,
mainc aleqsandre makedonelis fucefalsa da sidis babiekze ukeTesi moeCvena.
mTeli oTxi dRe imaze imtvrevda Tavs, Tu ra saxeli daerqmia am ubadlo
cxenisaTvis, rom misi Sesaferi yofiliyo. radgan, ase fiqrobda: gana
usamarTloba ar iqneba, esoden SesaniSnavi raindis cxens da TavisTavadac
esoden Cinebuls, yovelTvis cnobili saxeli ar hqondeso? amitom moisurva
cxenisaTvis iseTi saxeli daerqmia, rom im saxeliT umal gasagebi yofiliyo,
Tu ra iyo is cxeni mogzauri raindis bedaurad gaxdomamdis, da ra
Seiqmneboda mis Semdeg: mtkiced iyo darwmunebuli, rom Tu patroni icvlida
saxels, mis cxensac unda darqmeoda axali, ufro saxelovani, misi patronis
axali, Rirsebisa da mdgomareobis Sesaferi saxeli. didxans igonebda
sxvadasxva saxels, zogi daiwuna, zogi daamokla, aTasnairad gadaabrun-
gadmoabruna, kvlav gamoigona da uaryo, isev daZaba mexiereba da gonebas Zala
daatana. da bolos SeCerda rosinantze, radgan es saxeli ufro didebuli,
ufro JRerovani da mTels qveyanaze saukeTeso cxenisaTvis ufro Sesaferisi
moeCvena. es saxeli imas moaswavebda, rom misi cxeni winaT uralo jaglago
iyo, xoloa axla mTels qveyanaze upirvelesi jaglagi da yvela danarCenze
winamdegari gaxda.
Tavisi cxenisaTvis aseTi moxerxebuli saxeli rom moigona, axla
TavisTvis daiwyo saxelis Zebna da am fiqrSi gaatara mTeli erTi kvira,
magram rogorc iyo, isic gamonaxa: don kixoti. swored amitom am marTali
istoriis avtorebi, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, fiqroben, rom Cvens idalgos,
ueWvelad, kixada erqva da ara kesada, rogorc zogierTebi amtkiceben. magram
rodesac moagonda: saxelovani amadisi martooden amadisad arasodes
iwodeboda, amitom Tavisi saxels galeli miumata, _ albaT, imitom, rom
Tavisi samSoblo da samefo aRemaRlebia da esaxelebiao, _ Cvenma
kabaleromac, rogorc rigian rainds Seefereboda, Tavis saxels samSoblos
saxelic miumata da dairqva don kixot lamanCeli. amgvarad, yvelasaTvis

29. 32
sacnauri xdeboda misi vinaoba da sadauroba, masTan amiTYmis samSoblosac
Rirseba emateboda.
da ai, raki iaraRi gawminda, zaradiani CaCqanic miakowiw-moakowiwa,
jaglags axali saxeli gamougona da TviTonac, rogorc konfirmaciis dros,
saxeli gamoicvala, axla marto isRa darCenoda, gasamijnurebeli gulis
vardi moeZebna; radgan cnobilia, rom umijnuro mogzauri raindi ufoTlo da
unayofo xes an usulo sxeuls emsgavseba. raindi eubneboda Tavis Tavs:
vinicobaa, Cemi codvebis kiTxvam, anu ufrore Cemi bedis varskvlavma bednieri
SemTxveviT vinme goliaTs Semyaros (raica Cveulebrivi movlenaa mogzauri
raindisaTvis) da pirveli dajaxebiTve, vinicobaa davamxo igi, anu Subi Sig
gul-RviZlSi gavutaro da Sua ganvkveTo, anda dabolos, Cems nebad
movixelTo, vZlio igi da aviZulo Sebraleba mTxovos, gana kargi ar iqneba am
SemTxvevisaTvis satrfo myavdes, rom damarcxebuli goliaTi mas saCuqrad
SevTavazo? is daemxoba Cemi uzenaesi mbrZaneblis fexTa qveSe da morCilebis
xmiT moaxsenebs: `oi, ubadlo qalbatono, me gaxlavarT goliaTi
karakulambro, malindraanis kunZulis mflobeli; pirispir Serkinebisas
damamarcxa saxelovanma raindma don kixot lamanCelma, romlis gmiroba da
vaJkacoba yovelgvar qeba-didebas aRemateba; aw misi brZanebiT movel, raTa
Tqveni mSvenierebis winaSe davemxo da Tqvens fexTa qveSe Tqvens uzenaes
ganaCens velodo~. o, raoden did bednierebas ewia Cveni keTili raindi am
sityvebis warmoTqmisas, magram sixaruli da Sveba gauorkecda, rodesac,
bolos, im suliersac miagno, vinac gulis vardad unda daesaxa, amboben
maxlobel sofelSi erTi friad kekluci da eSxiani norCi glexis gogo
cxovrobdao, romelsac erT dros is odnav etrfoda kidec, Tumca es qals ar
gaugia da amitom gamijnurebul rainds araviTar yuradRebas ar aqcevdao.
qals aldonsa lorenso erqvao: Cvenma raindma gadawyvita Cem fiqrTa
mpyrobeli mzeTunaxavi swored igi unda gaxdeso. axla qalis saxelis Zebnas
Seudga. iseT saxels eZebda, rom mis sakuTar saxelsac Sehfardeboda da
masTan Tavadis an vinme warCinebulis qaladac gamoeCina. didi Tavis mtvrevis
Semdeg dulsinea toboseli daarqva, radgan qalis sofel tobosos
mcxovrebi iyo. es saxelic metad JRerovani, sagangebo da aranakleb
warCinebuli eCvena, vidre mis mier ukve gamogonebuli sxva saxelebi.

30. 33
T a v i I I
sadac moTxrobilia maxvilgonieri don kixotis pirveli gamgzavreba Tavisi
samflobelodan
raki yvela samzadisi damTavrda, don kixotma gadawyvita dauyovnebliv
Sedgomoda Tavisi wadilis asrulebas, egona amas iqiT Cemi dayovneba mTel
kacobriobas did zians miayenebso: ramdeni Seuracxyofili eloda
gamosarClebas, ramdeni usamarTloba iyo aRmosafxvreli, ramdeni ufleba _
aRsadgeni, qveyanas daamZimebda mravali gadauxdeli vali, dausjeli
danaSauli da borotmoqmedba! yovelive amis pasuxismgeblad amieridan Tavis
Tavsa Tvlida. da ai, erT mSvenier dRes, ganTiadamdis (es iyo Takara ivlisi)
adga, Tavis ganzraxva aravis gagebina, yvelas SeumCnevlad abjari aisxa,
Sehkazma rosinanti, zed Sejda, ubadruki CaCqani Tavze Camoifxata, cali
xeliT fari aiRo, meoreSi Subi daiWira da bakis ukana WiSkridan mindorSi
gavida. metad gaxarebuli da nasiamovnebi iyo imiT, rom esoden sasaxelo da
patiosan saqmes ase advilad Seudga. magram is iyo trial mindors daadga,
rom saSinelma azrma gauelva TavSi, ramac kinaRam xeli aaRebina dawyebul
ganzraxvaze: moagonda, raindad ara var dalocvilio, da raindTa kanoniT ki
ar SeeZlo da verc gabedavda romelime raindTan Serkinebas; amasTan _
Tundac dalocvili yofiliyo, maSinac, rogorc raindTa dasSi axladSesuls,
sada abjari da udevizo fari unda etarebina, vidre im devizs sakuTari
vaJkacobiT ar moipovebda. am fiqris gamo Seyoymanda, cota gawyda _ ukan ar
dabrunda, magram siSmagem sZlia gonierebas da Cvenma idalgom gadawyvita,
vinc ki gzaze pirvelad Sexvdeboda, raindad is dalocavda; mravali raindi
iqceoda ase, Tu davujerebT romanebs, romlebmac esreT savalalo
mdgomareobaSi Caagdes igi. rac Seexeba sada abjars, Tavis Tavs Sehfica,
pirvelsave xelsayrel SemTxvevaSi ise gaexexa Tavisi far-xmali, yaryumze
TeTri gamxdariyo. am gadawyvetilebiT damSvidebulma gza ganagrZo da
cxensac sadave miuSva; fiqrobda: faTerakebis maZebarma swored ase, Tavis
cxenis nebaze unda iaroso.
es Semawuxebeli eWvebi rom Tavidan moiSora, Cveni axladgamomcxvari
raindi nel-nela miRoRavda da Tavis Tavs amas etutuneboda:
_ odes Soreul momavalSi Cems saxelovan saqmeTa marTali ambavi
sacnaur gaxdeba da _ brZeni istorikosi CemTa esreT diadTa RvawlTa
aRweras daiwyebs, eWvi ar aris, Cems esreT adrindel gamosvlas ase
mouTxrobs: `sxivciskrovanma Tebosma axladgamofxizlebuls dedamiwis
wiaRze Tavisi uxvi zilfebis mofena iwyo Tu ara, oqrosenian moadreve
frinvelTac aTasferovnad mosdes Tu ara haers Tavisi narnari simRerebi da
miT salami uZRvnes vardisfer avroras, romelsac Tavisi eWviani meuRlis
rbili sareceli daetovebia, raTa lamanCis horizontis karibWeebisa da
aivnebidan momakvdavTaTvis gamoexedna da kastiliis cis kamaris gasanaTeblad
amosuliyo, _ saxelovanma raindma don kixot lamanCelmac bumbulis logini
dauteva, Tavis SesaniSnav erTgul rosinants Semoaxta da Zvels, didebuls
montielis velze gzas gaudga (Cveni gmiri swored am velze iyo axla).
da Semdeg daumata:

31. 34
_ bednieri iqneba is dro da bednieri iqneba is saukune, roca, dabolos,
saqveynod aSkarad dainaxaven Cems mier Cadenil saxelovan saqmeebs, romelnic
Rirsni arian brinjaoze aRsabeWdad, marmariloze gamosaqandakeblad da
tiloze dasaxatavad momaval TaobaTa samaxsovrod. icocxlon maT mudam,
Seuryevlad, momaval TaobaTa samagaliTod da samoZRvrebod! xolo Sen, vinc
unda iyo, hoi, brZeno misano, imiT bedniero, rom Cemi ukvdavi mogzaurobis
aRwera Sena gxvdeba wilad. gevedrebi, Cemi Zvirfasi, Cems dausrulebel
mogzaurobaSi Cemi erTguli megobari rosinantic ar daiviwyo.
Semdeg TiTqos marTla Seyvarebuli iyo, eSxiT aRtacebulma Sehyvira:
_ hoi, qalbatono dulsinea, Cemi damonebuli gulis mflobelo! ra
mware tanjvas mayeneb, rom Sengan gamaZeve, Seni SeudarebelimSvenierebis
xilva egre sasatikad amikrZale, magram, dae, am tanjvam mainc gagaxsenos,
qalbatono, es Sengan moxibluli, Seni mizeziT amdeni vaebis amtani Cemi guli.
am bodavas kidev mravali sxvac daurTo, iseTive aRtacebiT da im
kiloTi da hangiT, rogoric Tavis raindul wignebSi amoekiTxa da
SeZlebisamebr cdilobda am wignebis enisaTvis miebaZa da amiT ise gaerTo da
daixafra, rom mzis karga maRla wamosvla ver SeniSna da verc imis
mcxunvarebas grZnobda, romelic Tavs ise Zlier uxurebda, rom Tvini
SeiZleba galxoboda, Tu ki amis natamali kidevRa SerCenoda TavSi. Cvenma
gmirma mTeli dRe ase iara da iseT faTeraks veras SeeCexa, saamboblad rom
Rirdes; es Zalian wyinda, radgan didi survili hqonda, rac SeiZleboda Cqara
Sexvedroda vinmes, rom Tavisi marjve mklavis Zala masze gamoeCina. zogi
mwerali ambobs, pirveli faTeraki lapiCis xeobaSi Sexvdao, sxvebi amas
amtkiceben, rom pirvelad faTeraki qaris wisqvilebTan brZolaSi SeemTxvao.
me ki lamanCis matianeTa bejiTi gamokvleviT danamdvilebiT Semdegi gavige:
Cveni raindi im dRes mzis Casvlamdis siaruls mounda da ise daiRala da
daimSa Tavis jaglagianad, rom saRamo Jams erTica da meorec fexze ZlivsRa
dgebodnen. ase gaWirvebulma daiwyo aqeT-iqeT cqera, egeb cixe darbazi an
mecxvaris qoxi davinaxoo, raTa davisveno da qanc mileulma Zal-Rone
movikriboo, _ ucbad, gzidan Soriaxlos, erTi funduki SeniSna, am sanaxavma
gzis maCvenebel varskvlaviviT gaubrwyina Tvalebi, radgan misi gaWirvebis
savane is funduki unda yofiliyo. Sequsla rosinanti da bindisas im funduks
kidec miatana.
SemTxveviT am dros WiSkarTan ori axlagazrda qali daxvda, isini,
romelTa zneobas saeWvo saxeli aqvs da maT msubuq yofaqcevis qalebs
uwodeben. isini mejoreebs misdevdnen seviliaSi da aq Ramis gasaTevad
Camomxtariyvnen. Cveni raindi, raki fiqrebiT Zalian Sors icoda xolme
wasvla, yvelgan mxolod imas xedavda, rac Tavis romanebSi amoekiTxa; amitom
im fundukSi jer ar misuliyo, rom Cinebul cixe-darbazad moeCvena igi, oTx
wowolagumbaTian koSkis mqoned, mzis sxivebze brwyinavi vercxliT daferili
yavrulebiTa da qongurebiT, garSemo xandakSemovlebuli asawevi xidebiTa da
miwisqveSa savlelebiT gamarTuli. erTi sityviT, es saxli imgvar cixe
darbazad warmoedgina, rogoris aRwerac Tavis saraindo wignebSi bervrjer
waekiTxa. miuaxlovda ra funduks (misi WkuiT _ cixe-darbazs). don kixotma
WiSkris Soriaxlo rosinants jilavi moswia da Seayena, radgan eloda, cixe
darbazis qongurebze romelime qondriskaci gamoCeniliyo da raindis
mobrZaneba bukiT ecnobebina, magram raki qondriskaci ayovnebda da amasTanave
rosinantic did survils ucxadebda Cqara TavlaSi amoeyo Tavi, don kixoti

32. 35
ramdenime nabijiT win wadga, WiSkars miadga da zemoxsenebuli msubuqi
yofaqcevis ori qali dainaxa. isini turfa asulebad an cixe-darbazis gareT
saramo Jams moseirne sefeqalebad miiRo. am dros ise moxda, rom imaT gverdze
romeliRac meRore napuralidan modenida Rorebis kolts (mapatios
mkiTxvelma, rom isini sakuTari saxeliT vaxsene) da maT mosagroveblad
sayviri daayvira. don kixotma es sayviri umalve imis niSnad miiRo, rac
elandeboda. egona, qondriskaci cixe-darbazs Cems mosvlas atyobinebso.
amitom ficxlad aaToxarika cxeni, rom qalebTan eSxianad misuliyo. qalebma
rom dainaxes, SubiTa da fariT ucnaurad SeiaraRebuli romeliRac mxedari
gviaxlovdebao, SeeSindaT da fundukisaken gaiqcnen. magram don kixoti maTi
SiSis mizezs mixvda, mswrafl CaCqanis Cafxuti aiwia, Tavisi gamxdari da
mtvriani saxe naxevrad gamoaCina, welSi gaimarTa da Tavazianad, dinji,
sasiamovno xmiT uTxra:
_ mSveniero mandilosanno, nu garbixarT da nurc raime Seuracxyofisa
geSiniaT Cemgan! raindTa kanoni, romelis dacvazedac fici maqvs micemuli,
sxvis Seuracxyofas mikrZalavs, vinc unda iyos, da miT umetes iseT
qalwulTa Seuracxyofas, rogorebadac Tqven meCvenebiT.
qalebma gaocebiT da gaSterebiT dauwyes cqera da Tan cdilobdnen
danjRreuli zaradiT naxevraddafaruli misi saxe daenaxaT. xolo roca don
kixotma uTxra `qalwulTao~, _ sicili veRar Seikaves, radgan am saxels
Zalian daSorebulebi iyvnen. am sicilze don kixoti gawyra da mkacri xmiT
uTxra qalebs:
_ silamazes zrdiloba Svenis, umizezod sicili ki umarTebulo
saqcielia, rasac didi regveni Cadis. amas imitom ar vambob, gawyeninoT, anu
guneba gagifuWoT. piriqiT, erTaderTi Cemi survili is aris, riTac ki
SemiZlia _ gemsaxuroT!
am maTTvis gaugebarma sityvebma da mTqmelis sacodavma Sesaxedaobam
mxiaruli mgzavri qalebi ufro metad gaacina. da rac ufro umatebdnen
sicils, miT ufro ekargeboda moTmineba Cven rainds, da vin icis _ saqme
sadamdis mividoda, Tu mefunduke, metad sqeli da simsuqnisagan mSvidi
xasiaTisa, droze ar gamosuliyo. dainaxa Tu ara raRac, Tavidan fexebamde
iaraRSi Camjdari moCveneba, romelic SeWurviliyo esoden sxvadasxvanairi
iaraRiT: SubiT, msubuqi fariT, begTariTa da cxenis mZime samkauliT, ewada
SeerTeboda orive qalwulis mxiarulebas da amasac sicilma Ritini dauwyo,
magram cxvirwin rom mTeli Tofxanis siaxlove igrZno, gadawyvita Tavazianad
miemarTa da ase daiwyo:
_ batono raindo, Tu amaRam mosvenebas am saxlSi inebebT, logins garda
yvelafers uxvad hpovebT, rac ki mosasveneblad saWiroa, _ logini ki am
fundukSi erTic ara maqvs.
don kixotma moismina cixisTavis Tavaziani laparaki (radgan mefunduke,
rasakvirvelia, cixisTavad miiRo, xolo funduki _ cixe darbazad) da moigo:
_ rac ar unda SemomTavazoT, batono kastelano, yvelafriT kmayofili
viqnebi, radgan naTqvamia:
Cemi samosi aris abjari
da dasveneba _ brZola ficxeli
mefundukem ifiqra, don kixotma kastelani miwoda da patiosan
kastilielad mimiRo (namdvilad is andaluzeli iyo, san-lukaris sanapirodan

33. 36
da qurdobaSi TviTon kakussac gaejibreboda, xolo gaiZverobiT yovel
Segirds an fareSs gauswrebda), da amitom ase upasuxa:
_ maSasadame, Tqveni sawoli klde iqneba, da Zilis nacvlad mudmivi
sifxizle, ara? da Tu asea, Cems qoxSi Camoxtoma Tamamad SegiZliaT. erT
Rames ki ara, mTeli weliwadic rom uZilod gaataroT aq, aravin dagiSliT.
es uTxra da cxenidan Camosasvlelad uzangi dauWira. don kixotma
qoSiniTa da zlazvniT daiwyo Camosvla, radgan mTeli dRis usmel-uWmeli
iyo. da Tanac Seatyobina, rosinanti mTel dedamiwis zurgze saukeTeso
bedauriao. mefundukem cqera dauwyo rosinants, igi arc ise SesaniSnavi Canda,
rogorc don kixoti ambobda, _ piriqiT. mefundukes mxolod gunebaSi
ecineboda, mainc rosinanti TavlaSi waiyvana da ukanve dabrunda, undoda
gaego stumars xom ara nebavs-rao. Cveni raindi mgzavr qalebTan mTlad
Serigebuli daxvda, da isini, don kixotis WkuiT, sefeqalebi, iaraRsa
xsnidnen mas. moxsnes iaraRi, qaSqanebi, samklaveebi, samuxleebi, da rigi rom
CaCqanisa da sayelos moxsnaze midga, Zalian gauWirdaT, radgan maTi Sesakravi
Tasmebi rainds magrad gaekvanZa; naskvebis gaWra iyo saWiro, magram don
kixoti amaze arafriT ar dasTanxmda da isev is irCia, mTeli Rame CaCqaniTa
da sayeloTi darCeniliyo. amaze ufro saocari da sasacilo suraTis
warmodgena aRar SeiZleboda. sanam kaxpa qalebi zeimiT xsnidnen iaraRs, don
kixoti miubrunda maT (misi azriT keTilSobilT, cixe-darbazis sefeqalT!) da
moxdenilad wamoiwyo:
`arasodes ase nazad
qalbatonni ar uvlidnen
qveynad arc erT paladinsa,
viT zrunaven don kixotze:
Tvis qveynidan Camosulze.
sefeqalni mas uvlian,
mis bedaurs _ grafis qalni,1
ese igi rosinants, radgan ase eZaxian Cems cxens, mSvenierno mandilosanno, _
ganagrZo man, _ xolo don kixot lamanCeli _ Tqvens umorCiles monasa hqvian.
Tumca marTalia, daficebuli viyav, Cemi vinaoba ar gamemJRavnebia, vidre
Tqveni samsaxurisaTvis da Cemda sasaxelod raime Rvawls ar Cavidendi, magram
xelsayrelma SemTxvevam maiZula am Cems axlandel garemoebasTan
Semefardebina lanselotis Zveli simRera da Cemi saxeli adre maTqmevina,
magram iqneb is droc movides, banovanno, roca rainds Tqveni brZaneba moesmas
da Tavisi Tavi bednierad CasTvalos, rom sakuTari Zlieri mklaviT Tqveni
samsaxuris gaweva SesZlos~.
aseT zeaRmtac mWevrmetyvelebas uCvevi turfebi xmagakmendili gaocebiT
Sescqerodnen da ar icodnen, ra epasuxnaT; bolos erTma isRa moaxerxa, rom
hkiTxa: xom aras miirTmevTo?
_ didi siamovnebiT, geaxlebodiT raimes, _ upasuxa don kixotma, _ da
rac unda momitanon, kmayofilebiT miviReb, radgan rogorc mgonia, axla
CemTvis yvela saWmeli gamosadegia.
es ambavi, TiTqos gangeb paraskevs moxda, da mTels fundukSi araferi
iSoveboda raRac wvrili Tevzis garda, romelsac kastiliaSi abadexos
eZaxian, andaluziaSi bvalaos, xolo sxvagan kuradilios, anda kidev
1
yvela leqsi Targmnilia poet d a v i T g a C e C i l a Z i s mier.

34. 37
kalmaxs. Tumca im Tevzs saxelis meti kalmaxisa ara ecxo-ra. don kixots
hkiTxes, miirTmevda Tu ara am mcire sanovages, raki mis meti sxva araferi
ipoveboda? man upasuxa:
_ netavi blomad mainc iyos es momcro kalmaxebi, maSin ramdenime
wvrili kalmaxi erTi didi gelaqnuris alagas daiWerda, gana sul erTi araa
rva reals daxurdavebulad miviReb, Tu erT msxvil fuls rva realad?
amasTan Tikani Txaze gemrielia, xbo Zroxaze, amitomac SesaZloa, wvrili
kalmaxi msxvil gelaqnurze gemrieli iyos. mxolod ki, rac SeiZleba Cqara
momitaneT, radgan Cemi far-xmal-abjaris datebas marto maSin SeiZlebs kaci,
Tu kuWi maZRari eqneba.
rom ufro esiamovnebinaT, tabla gareT aivanze daudges, sufTa haerze,
da maspinZelma TefSiT cudad moxarSuli da kidev ufro cudad Sekazmuli
wvrili Tevzi moutana, misi iaraRiviT Savi, da daobebuli erTi naWeri puric
miarTva. don kixotma Wama daiwyo, magram vai im Wamas, rom sicils mohgvrida
kacs: zevidan CaCqansa da qvevidan sayelos ise SeeboWa misi ybebi, rom Zvra ar
SeeZlo da verafersac ver SeWamda, Tu erT-erT qals misTvis pirSi lukmis
Cadeba ar ekisra. Rvinis dalevineba ki sruliad SeuZlebeli Seiqmna da Cveni
raindi mwyurvali daixrCoboda, Tu maspinZels amis xerxic ar moegonebina.
fundukidan lerwmis grZeli masra gamoitana, erTi boli rainds pirSi Caudo
da meoreSi wvrilad usxamda Rvinos. am tanjvas didimoTminebiT itanda don
kixoti, da ufro metsac aitanda, oRond misi CaCqanis Sesakravebi ar gaeWraT.
am dros sastumros SemTxveviT ewvia erTi taxis damkodavi glexi da
SesvlisTanave otxjer Tu xuTjer lerwmis salamuri aaJRera. aman don
kixoti srulebiT daarwmuna, rom saCino cixe-darbazSi imyofeboda da mis
sadils musikiT atkbobdnen; axla mTlad darwmunda, rom qaSay-Tevza namdvili
gelaqnuri iyo, Savi puri spetaki da gamtkiculi funTuSa, matantala
dedakacebi rom emsaxurebodnen _ didi sefe qalebi brZandebodnen, mefunduke
cixe-darbazis xelTuxucesi iyo; da Tanac imiT iyo Zalzed aRtacebuli, rom
ogzaur raindad gaxdoma gadawyvita da am mogzaurobis pirvel dRes aseTi
Cinebuli Sedegi hqonda. magram jer raindad dalocvili ar iyo _ es Zalian
awuxebda, raki uamisod, raindTa kanonis ZaliT, ar SeeZlo raime faTerakebs
Sebmoda.
T a v i I I I
sadac moTxrobilia, Tu ra sasacilo wesiT daloces raindad don
kixoti
am fiqrebiT ganawamebma don kixotma swrafad daamTavra samikitnos
Raribuli vaxSami, tablidan wamodga, mefundukes dauZaxa, sajiniboSi gaiyvana,
Signidan kari dauketa da am sityvebiT mimarTa:
_ hio, saxelovani raindo, aqedan ar avdgebi, vidre ar aRmiTqvamt Cemi
Txovnis aRsrulebas; is, raica axla unda gTxovoT, marto Tqven rodi
mogfenT didebas, aramed adamianTa mTels modgmas samsaxurs gauwevs!
mefundukem rom Tavisi stumari mis winaSe daCoqili da ase damcirebuli
naxa da misi ucnauri sityvebi moismina, Secbunda. aRar icoda, ra eTqva, an ra