Creatine Side Effects On Nutritional Supplements

Creatine Side Effects On Nutritional Supplements
This creatine side effects update covers sources of creatine in food,effective supplementation and study results of creatines effectiveness.
Over the last decade, thousands of articles have been written about creatine side effects in scientific journals, magazines, newspapers, and on the
Internet. The reason for this interest is that creatine supplements have proven to be one of the most effective methods available to increase strength,
power, and muscle mass. Moreover, a number of potential therapeutic creatine benefits have been suggested for various patient populations. Despite
this impressive body of research, concerns have been raised about the safety of creatine side effects and ethics of athletes taking
performance–enhancing nutritional supplements. While a number of very good reviews have been published about creatine side effects in the
scientific literature, a significant amount of misinformation has been written about creatine side effects, particularly in the popular media. Additionally,
several nutritional supplement companies have attempted to gain market share by perpetuating some of these creatine side effect myths. The result is
that people are often confused about the potential creatine benefits and risks of creatine supplements.
The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the state of the science regarding creatine side effects as well as to answer some common
questions about creatine supplements so that you can make an informed decision about
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BCAA Supplements
What on earth do you do with all these additional recommended supplements? Timing is everything when it comes to supplements. There is no use
in spending all this money and knowing the benefits of every single supplement available if you have no idea how and when to take them. Everyone
is different. We all have different health goals, personally and as an athlete. This is a general recommendation; you will find numerous amounts and
grams of each of these supplements differing between web pages and article. So know you should adjust to what works for your goals and schedule
personally, try it out and see what works for you!
Let's begin with creatine, one of the top recommended additional supplements to add to your daily routine. The recommended best method is the
"bracketing" technique. Take about 30 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
BCAAs can account for 15 to 30% of your total energy during intense workouts. BCAAs also help with protein synthesis. The most critical time to
take BCAAs is around workouts; before, during and after, this maximizes the benefits of these amino acids. Taking a BCAA supplement before
working out can be great for those that train fasted in the morning. Research has shown that taking BCAA supplementation can have a fatigue
reducing effect allowing you to perform just as well as you would with a prior intake of food 2 hours before. Taking a BCAA supplement during
training helps reduce fatigue helping you push through more intense longer workouts. Taking BCAAs post training is great for muscle recovery
and repair. The BCAAs help your muscle fibers to heal and the absorption is rapid and fast acting. If your goal is to build mass, also consider
taking a dose of BCAAs first thing upon waking to help stop the muscle breakdown that is turned on during your night of fasting while you sleep.
You can also take a dose of BCAAs at any other time of day to get a mental energy boost, reduce hunger, and aid muscle

Use of Performance Enhancing Substances by Athletes is Wrong
Use of Performance Enhancing Substances by Athletes is Wrong
What would you be willing to do to become a professional athlete? This is a question that demands more than a fleeting thought, because not only will
becoming a successful professional athlete bring you millions of dollars, but you will achieve fame, fortune and worldwide recognition. Along with
that you will be getting paid a lot to do something that you really love and enjoy.
It seems like professional athletes have it all. They are as worshipped as movie stars, allowed to act like rock stars and always seem to age gracefully
after their sports careers are over. So perhaps the question should be what wouldn't you be willing to do to become a professional athlete? ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Supplements are intended to help out an athlete in areas where there may exist a deficiency. This could be a lack of protein, creatine or even
testosterone. And because of this any substance taken to correct a deficiency could be considered a 'supplement' to the athlete's diet – even the multi
–vitamin he takes with breakfast.
Sport supplementation has become a multi–billion dollar industry that has seen its biggest growth in the last five years and shows no signs of slowing
down. It used to be difficult for someone to get supplements, but now you can find things like Ephridirne, which has been banned by the NCAA, in
corner stores.
The main goal of the supplement industry is to produce legal alternatives to steroids. Sport supplements come in all shapes, sizes, flavors and forms.
And in the United States, the only guidelines that need to be followed are those within the Hatch Act. According to the Hatch Act, in order for any
supplement to be legal it only needs to be found in a compound that exists in nature. So what you end up with are legal and illegal supplements, but
within the legal supplements you have many categories.
It has to be said that neither supplements nor steroids can make an athlete great by themselves. Any supplement used without a workout routine will
produce no results. This is similar

Essay about Dietary Supplements Used by Athletes: Creatine
Creatine (Cr) is a popular dietary supplement used by athletes to increase sports performance, muscle mass, and strength. Creatine was first discovered
in "1835, when a French scientist reported finding this constituent of meat" (Demant & Rhodes, 1999). This organic compound is manufactured
endogenously by the liver and kidneys "from the amino acids glycine, arginine and methionine" for energy stipulation during muscular contraction.
(Arazi, Rahmaninia, Hoseini, & Asadi, 2011). Creatine is either converted into free form Cr or phosphorylated form as known as creatine phosphate
(CP). The endogenous production and exogenous consumption of Cr yields about 1 gram a day for the average person (Cooper, Naclerio, Allfrove ,
& Jimenez, 2012). In... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The biological value in whey protein enhances the body's ability to absorb essential amino acids after resistance training decreasing the athlete's
recovery time. When athletes combine whey protein and creatine monohydrate they expect "a greater increase in lean tissue mass and muscular
strength than supplementations with whey protein alone" (Burke, Chilibeck, Davison, Candow, Farthing, & Smith–Palmer 2001, p 350). Exogenous
Cr supplementation increases the body's Cr levels until saturation occurs. This saturation of Cr increases the PCK shuttle continuum allowing training
intensity, volume, and duration of the exercise the athlete is performing to continue at a maximum rate. Any excess Cr in the blood is cleared through
sweat, urination or renal filtration. Measurements in strength and peak torques of athletes supplementing with whey protein and creatine
monohydrate (WC), whey protein (W), and a placebo (P) were taken. According to Burke et al, (2001) "repeated measure analysis of variance was
used to assess changes in body composition, strength, and peak torque for the three groups (WC vs. W vs. P) across time" (p. 354). A twelve week
strength training program was constructed and consisted of a "4–day split routine involving whole body musculature" (Burke et al, 2001. p 352).
Subjects used detailed training logs to compare progress over the 12 week experiment. The end result from this experiment shows that subjects who
"supplemented with both creatine and whey

Creatine : How Does It Work? Essay
Creatine: How does it work?
The quest to reach physical human perfection is coveted by many but pursued by few. What is the ideal human body? It's almost certain that this image
will reflect that of a powerful body builder or athlete. Exercising is vital in improving health and physical appearance. In order to facilitate the pursuit
of physical perfection there is an industry dedicated to exploiting these desires. The nutritional supplements industry is one of the fastest growing
industries in the United States– a country plagued by obesity. From vitamins to miracle fat loss pills, this industry has made performance–enhancing
supplements readily accessible to the public. There is a supplement in particular that is popular among athletes, body builders, and the average gym
member– Creatine. Ask most users and they will probably answer: creatine works. There are various studies that prove and acknowledge its powerful
strength and energy gaining capabilities. All you have to do is go to your local GNC or Vitamin Shop and buy a tub of this miracle substance– the
most commonly used is Creatine Monohydrate. Yet, any wise individual using this supplement will ponder– just how does this substance work and
where did it come from?
When was creatine discovered? French scientist, Michael Eugene Chevreul, first discovered creatine in 1832. Chevreul discovered the new substance
when he extracted a new organic constituent from meat. Later, in the mid–1880's, creatinine was discovered in

What is the Price for Keeping the American Public Safe...
What is the Price for Keeping the American Public Safe from Diet Supplements? Being overweight and being in sports is a hard aspect of the game
to overcome. Many of the athletes in different sports go through tough training and conditioning. Some athletes are under great pressure to make a
certain weight in order to stay on the team. If the players are overweight they might be fined or even benched for the certain events. All of the sports
that are out there have a lot of competition for staying on teams. There are the athletes that struggle each week to keep their job from younger
stronger players coming in. So it is a question of were they turn to get an extra edge over the other player. Most of the time it is with diet supplements or
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Congress feels that it is not worth giving the FDA more funding when there are so many companies out there making unsafe products and selling
them. Several of the benefits drug companies claim that they help people loose weight and gain more muscle to produce better sports. In
researching different drugs to take o there are some that do help with working out. A supplement called Echinacea purpurea, which is used to help
people do cardiovascular workouts. The supplement is able to increase the size of the red blood cells when the body is being worked hard. In
return the bigger red blood cells carry more blood to the muscles to work better. With getting more oxygen to the muscles it is easier to build more
endurance in running and in weight training. There are other products that are gained to make people loose weight faster and hence get a better
body. Based on all that is said about the diet supplements and muscle enhancers they are not good and Congress needs to do more to protect the
American people. Reasons to support this come in a variety of ways. There are atheletes dieing in order to stay on teams and make weight for their
job. The American public is always concerned with what they look like so they are taking all the diet pills to make themselves look better. What the
congress isn't realizing is that these products come with serious side effects to the human body. With products being

Creatine Literature Review
Literature Review: Creatine Supplementation
Introduction
Creatine is a natural substance that occurs in the body, it is also a supplement that has been tested by numerus athletes over the years to see whether it
has a positive effect on performance. However, there is anecdotal evidence that suggests creatine supplementation may be the cause of negative side
effects such as dehydration, the increase of muscle cramping and an increase in blood pressure. One way the supplementation of creatine can improve
performance is by aiding the resynthesise ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) stores within the body in order to produce energy at a quicker rate therefore
the most common athletes to take creatine are high intensity power athletes who are repeated actions multiple times. Such as those doing long
distance events such as cycling, swimming and running, it may also be used as a way of recovery for sprinters. A study carried out by Kreider R.B et
al. (1998) concluded that there were increases in the performance of isotonic lifting and sprinting during agility after taking creatine supplements.
Although creatine has been believed to help recovery, research undertaken by Stroud et al. (1994), would suggest that there was no difference in the
recovery periods. This review of literature will examine as to whether creatine should be recommended to athletes based on current research.
Main Body
Creatine is classified as a nutritional supplement this is because it is a naturally occurring

Creatine Supplements
In this day and age, athletes are constantly looking for different ways to better themselves. Whether it be gaining muscle mass, improving endurance,
increasing strength, etc. no matter what it may be, most athletes find themselves searching for ways to become the best they can possibly be physically
and mentally in order to achieve high results in their respected sport. Performance enhancing supplements have played a vital role and have made a
significant presence in the athletic industry within the last couple decades. One of the most popular performance enhancing supplements is creatine. One
may ask, "why take creatine supplements if our body produces it and you can find it, naturally, in animal foods?" On average, intake of creatine, ...
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The creatine supplement group was given four 5 gram doses (20 grams) of creatine each day during the five–day period. The placebo group was given
a twenty grams of a placebo each day, that was similar in both look and taste. Participants were then instructed to take the dosage with 500ml of warm
water before their meals, all while maintaining their normal dietary intake and physical activity throughout the day. The height, weight, and skinfold
thickness was measured at the pre–screening and also on day 6 of testing. The participants were required to report to the laboratory a total of 6
different times: 1 session of familiarization training, 2 sessions of resistance training (day 1 and day 4), and 3 sessions of strength and anaerobic
performance testing (baseline, day 3, and day 6) (Law, 2009). Resistance testing was done by having the participants perform 3 sets of 9 different
exercises. Each exercise was a weight lifting exercise that worked out either the legs, chest, or back. Strength and anaerobic testing was done on a
workout bicycle by having the participants pedal as fast as they could after a 5 minute warm–up. Participants were also asked to do a one repetition
maximum strength test where they maxed out on the Smith press–fixed bar machine. Blood and uring samples were also taken on the morning of each
performance testing session. This was done in order to estimate and compare the amount of creatine ingested to the amount retained by the

Creatine Use Must be Banned Essay
Athletes are always searching for ways to enhance their performance. Recently, beginning in the 1950s, that search has included the use of illegal
substances like steroids and growth hormones. Illegal substances have been used widely by athletes in hop es of achieving the desired Olympic gold
medal or multi–million dollar contract. Some nations, for example the late East Germany in the 1970s and 1980s, have mandated the use of steroids by
their athletes. The downside of using those illegal substances is that because they are illegal, getting caught using them can lead to losing that coveted
gold medal, a lifetime ban from sports, and a total loss of honor and dignity. This is why the search is now on to find some legal ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The transformation of creatine into energy occurs within the first few seconds of exertion. Creatine supplements are artificially made creatine that can
be taken by athletes as ergogens, substances that can be used by athletes to enhance performance. Artificially made creatine is available as powder,
capsules, candy, and gum. The goal of creatine supplementation is to increase the energy in the muscles so that athletes can improve their strength,
speed, and endurance.
Although creatine is fairly expensive (fifty dollars for a one month supply), the original results of creatine testing and usage were very positive.
Creatine supplementation helps the body by increasing the amount of creatine in the muscles, thus enabli ng the body to put out more energy more
quickly. It was first discovered in the early 1900s, before creatine supplements were available, that increasing dietary creatine in turn increases the
amount of creatine in the muscles (Jenkins). Supplementation of creatine in the diet leads to even higher levels of muscular creatine. Research has
confirmed this. Current data indicate that muscle creatine levels increase, on average, 20% after six days of creatine supplementation at twenty grams
per day (Eichne r 76). This increase of creatine in the muscles in turn increases the body's potential for exertion. Once creatine supplements were tested
in humans, those increases were

The Supplement Dilemm Do I Really Need Supplement X, Y,...
The Supplement Dilemma: Do I really need supplement X, Y, and Z? Are you feeling overwhelmed by the myriad of nutrition supplements on the
market? Unsure if you need whey protein, fish oil capsules, vitamin pills, creatine, caffeine pills, test boosters, L–carnitine, or branched chain amino
acids? I feel your angst. I too was once a young stud pulling my hair out in frustration over the sheer number of nutritional supplement at my disposal.
The naГЇve teen: A young, baby–faced, lanky teen with an afro (Ludacris would be jealous) walks into a nutritional supplement store for the first
time. His eyes bulge out of their sockets in excitement as he walks down the aisle. He comes across protein powders, natural test boosters, nitric
oxide, and creatine supplements promising to increase lean muscle mass and strength. Further down, he finds energy pills, chews, and drinks
purporting to deliver the most intense and hardcore workout of his life. He even finds supplements promising to increase his sexual performance
(wink, ExtenZe). The supplements give him a glimpse into his future: arms the size of 22 inch Escalade rims, a barreling chest, legs so enormous that
his friends call him quadzilla, and bodacious babes–lots of them. He grasps as many supplements that his two string bean (soon to be gigantic python)
arms can carry. He is on his way to Arnold Schwarzenegger status. Who is this young, dashing teen? Why me, of course (yes, I really had an afro). I'm
not embarrassed to say

Creatine Research Paper
Next, Creatine is a supplement made of three different amino acids glycine, arginine, and methionine. Creatine can be produced by the body and found
in high protein meats. When creatine enters the body it bonds with a phosphate molecule to form creatine phosphate. When macronutrients are
consumed they go through a process called oxidation to become adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is molecule that stores energy. When a task is
performed energy is given off to perform the task and a phosphate is lost. Once a phosphate is lost ATP becomes ATD (adenosine diphosphate). ATD
is useless to the body and can not be used for energy unless it is formed back into ATP.Creatine gives its phosphate to ATD to make up for the
missing phosphate, reforming ATP. Creatine provides more energy to increase performances and strength while training. Shannon Clark, whom holds
a degree in exercise science and sport performance said "Creatine allows you to keep pushing hard in the gym at a time when you would previously
had to decrease the load or stop entirely, so it helps in building muscle faster" (Clark). Taking a creatine supplement provides more energy needed to
build strength.
Also, consuming protein shakes will provide needed calories to gain muscle. To gain muscle more calories need to be put into the body... Show more
Immunoglobulins or antibodies are made by the immune system to protect the body from bacteria, virus, and cancer cells. Once a pathogen enters into
the body, the immune system creates a antibody to destroy the pathogen. If the same pathogen were to enter the body again the antibody would destroy
the pathogen immediately before it infects the body. The author of "Immunoglobulins" said "If your body has low levels of antibodies, you have a
greater chance of developing repeated infections" (Immunoglobulins). Consuming a protein shake will provide additional immunoglobulins to help
strengthen the immune

Protein Powders and Creatine:
Are they beneficial?
Anyone from ordinary people to fitness junkies to professional athletes and Olympians, can benefit from protein powders and creatine supplements.
According to Richard Kreider of the University of Memphis, "it is more than a supplement for athletes... it helps you maintain muscle mass and that has
long–term health benefits". These supplements are meant to accommodate a healthy diet, not to be a replacement for food. When used correctly,creatine
and protein powders are beneficial for everyone.
High quality protein supplements can be very beneficial for weight loss. When trying to lose weight, it is essential to lose fat instead of muscle tissue.
According to Lisa Leupp, "adequate protein is essential for maintaining lean muscle mass". If you are dieting and weight loss is coming from muscle
mass, you will have less energy and will not be able to perform as long. It has been established that an average adult should take .36 grams of protein
per pound of body weight. If the diet is a reduced calorie diet, than even more protein should be consumed to maintain muscle (Leupp). ... Show more
Total Health also states that Whey protein contains all essential and non–essential amino acids and is an excellent source of glutamine and the
branched–chain amino acids that are necessary for new cell growth (Leupp). In a past study, it was found that men with high cholesterol lowered their
numbers by taking creatine. Another more recent study showed that creatine supplements not only help protect the heart muscle from damage, but it
can also help post–op patients exercise at a greater intensity

Creatine Supplements Analysis
Athletes are constantly seeking supplement that provide performance enhancement. Therefore supplements may allow athletes to obtain the desired
performance edge. Although certain supplements allow performance enhancement, side effect may become harmful to individuals. Therefore certain
supplements should be consumed with precaution. In addition, three common supplements utilized by pinch runners include ATP, Androstenedione,
and Creatine. These specific supplements aid athletes to heighten performance while enhancing muscle strength and endurance. Unfortunately these
supplement may contain side effect that possibly harm the athlete in the midst of improving performance. Furthermore, athletes pursuing Ergogenic
Aids should consider dangerous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This widespread drug has been issued freely to professional baseball players for years. Surprisingly greenies Increase arousal, alertness, aggressiveness,
reaction time while decreasing fatigue. This benefits pinch runners to remain alert regarding pick off attempts by Picher or Catcher. However safety
concerns are imperative among this widely utilized Ergogenic Aids. Greenies may become addictive to athlete as well as fatal regarding overdose. In
addition "The use of amphetamines has been associated with a number of negative side effects, including anxiety, ventricular dysrhythmias,
hypertension, and hallucinations" (Tokish 2004). In result of these affects the MLB has banned any use of greenies regarding the professional games.
For these specific reason recommending the greenies to athletes is unreasonable due to harmful risk. Additionally, greenies contribute to athletic
success yet contribute to harmful

Article Critique On Carbohydrate And Protein During Training
Article Critiques
Assignment Six
Hall, A. H., Leveritt, M. D., Ahuja, K. D., & Shing, C. M. (2013). Coingestion of carbohydrate and protein during training reduces training stress and
enhances subsequent exercise performance. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism, 38(6), 597–604.
Despite extensive research on the benefits of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion improving endurance performance, there are still a lot of questions in the
literature about whether or not the simultaneous ingestion of CHO and protein is advantageous compared to other methods in enhancing performance
(Hall et al., 2013). According to Hall and colleagues (2013), there have been an number of studies that have shown potentially performance enhancing
benefits of co–ingestion of protein and CHO such as enhanced glycogen synthesis post–exercise, decreased muscle soreness, muscle damage, positive
net protein balance, and even modest performance benefits (Hall et al., 2013).
Purpose. Hall and colleagues (2013) looked to determine the potential impact of protein and CHO co–ingestion has compared to 'isoenergetic CHO
beverage during exercise'. Specifically, Hall and colleagues (2013) wanted to explore the impact that consumption of such a beverage would have on
cycling performance after a four hour rest period. Also, the impact that consumption would have on blood plasma markers of muscle damage and
muscle soreness, as well as insulin and glucose levels (Hall et al., 2013).
Methods. A modest sample

The Effects of Creatine on Sprint Performance
John Welborn
5/4/15
CreatineCreatine also known as Creatine Monohydrate in the supplement form is a performance supplement that has been used for decades as an
ergogenic aid. Creatine was first discovered in 1832 by a French scientist, who determined creatine consists of three amino acids as followed, arginine,
glycine, and methionine (1,15). Creatine is a naturally produced compound found in the liver and in fish and meat. Most creatine is stored in skeletal
muscles as phosphocreatine, which provides shape and movement to the human body (1,15). Phosphocreatine is involved in the energetics of muscle
contraction during high–intensity exercise (1). A primary... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this particular study creatine was consumed in the capsule form and at 20g per day. The study utilized a double blind study and found that there was
a significant decrease in the sprint time of the creatine 100m groups, but not in the 200m groups (3). This study evokes more questions about the
particular distance that creatine supplementation can actually aid and is it energy system based? De Oliveira's research supports the findings of the
above study that creatine does in fact supply an ergogenic aid to 100m sprint performance (2). This study went further and examined performance on a
30m speed test and 40 seconds of running after creatine ingestion compared to a placebo group. The study found no significant different in the two
groups

Actions and Effects of Creatine Essay
Actions and Effects of Creatine
Throughout time, humans have had a fascination with being excellent at what they do, and athletics have been no exception. Many substances exist,
and many have been criticized and analyzed for their safety, legality, and morality for athletes. With the banning of steroids from competitive sports,
and the implementation of random drug testing in most sports, most athletes, professional, recreational, and would–be professionals are hoping to gain
an edge. More recently, one such edge has been discovered, and it has found itself in locker rooms across the country, in the hands of these athletes,
and all the while, and probably more importantly, in the media's direct ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is the part of the process where creatine makes itself known. Current studies show that creatine supplementation can increase the amount of
creatine in muscles, which in turn, speeds up the ATP refueling process (Murphy, 2000). This enhances performance by producing more energy for
brief, high–intensity exercise such as sprinting, and allowing for more strenuous workouts (Gutfeld, 1997). All of these factors are crucial to
athletes who are searching for their legal "magic bullet". Creatine was first discovered by a French scientist in 1832 (Bamberger, 1998). This
scientist discovered a naturally occurring organic compound that could be produced by the kidneys, liver, and pancreas. The compound was named
"creatine", the Greek word for flesh (Bamberger, 1998). It has been found that most people consume 1 gram per day, along with naturally producing 1
gram (Bamberger, 1998). In 1981, the potential medical benefits of creatine were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in, seven years
later, two Swedish doctors, Paul Greenhaff, and Eric Hultman, recorded performance–enhancing effects of creatine in athletic subjects, and their results
were published in the journal Clinical Science in 1992 (Bamberger, 1998). Most of the current creatine "buzz" surfaced and intensified after the 1992
Olympics

The Effects of Creatine Supplement on the Athletic Health and Performance Many athletes use resistance training in their everyday workouts while
using creatine. However, the athletes are unaware of the effects it has on their bodies and whether performance is enhanced or not. Therefore, these
athletes need to become educated of what they are putting into their bodies and whether creatine is aiding them in gains or not. First, background
information will be provided on both creatine and resistance training. Next, there will be discussion on the benefits of resistance training with sex
differences and age differences. Then, studies will be provided to help with gaining a better understanding on creatine's effects with resistance training.
Creatine will then be discussed on how it helps other people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The four studies mentioned previously all draw to the same conclusion. The first study showed gains in muscle strength while performing lower–body
exercises. The second study showed an increase in 6.85 kg of muscle gains in lifts. The third study was an analysis of 22 different studies. It indicated
an 8% increase in muscle strength gains and a 14% increase in weightlifting performance. The last study showed an increase in strength gains and
performance in bench press. Overall, these four studies showed that there is an increase in both strength gains and performance with the use of creatine
and resistance training. Endurance athletes will not see benefits from creatine use. This is due to the energy system used for endurance, the Oxidative
System. The Oxidative System does not use phosphocreatine for production of energy. While the ATP
–PCr System, which is used in resistance
training, does use phosphocreatine to aid in production of energy. Therefore, when resistance training, athletes can and should use

Creatine Essay
Creatine
What evidence is given for Creatine scientific or testimonial?
The evidence I will provide is strictly scientific, the information comes from the Journal of Sports Nutrition. The article is written by Richard B.
Kreider, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory Department of Human Movement Sciences and Education The University of Memphis. The author has
many credentials, such as his testing of finding the effects of six weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation in male and female track athletes,
which can be found in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning. All of his research is peer reviewed.
Does the experimental testing of Creatine answer all questions asked such as will Creatine increase mass and strength? Was a... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Periodized heavy resistance training was performed for 12 wk. Creatine or placebo capsules were consumed 25 grams per day for 1 wk followed by a
maintenance dose of 5 grams per day for the remainder of the training. RESULTS: After 12 wk, significant increases in body mass and fat–free mass
were greater in creatine than placebo subjects. After 12 wks, increases in bench press and squat were greater in creatine subjects. Compared with
placebo subjects, creatine subjects demonstrated significantly greater increases in muscle total, creatine concentrations were unchanged in placebo
subjects. Muscle creatine was significantly elevated after 1 wk in creatine subjects (22%), and values remained significantly greater than placebo
subjects after 12 wk. Average volume lifted in the bench press during training was significantly greater in creatine subjects during weeks 5–8. No
negative side effects to the supplementation were reported. CONCLUSION: Creatine supplementation enhanced fat–free mass, physical performance,
and muscle morphology in response to heavy resistance training, presumably mediated via higher quality training sessions. This study was conducted
by Richard B. Kreider of the Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory Department of Human Movement Sciences and Education The University of
Memphis. The one concern I have with this study is it seemed to leave out the limitations that Creatine may have on some body

A Case Report Of Suspected Malignant Hyperthermia Where...
Title: A Case Report of Suspected Malignant Hyperthermia where Patient Survived the Episode. Abstract; Malignant hyperthermia is rare inherited
disorder in our part of world, there are only few cases reported in literature in India who were suspected of having this condition. Overall incidence of
malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia is estimated to range from 1: 5,000 to 1: 50,000–100,000 and mortality rate is estimated to be less
than 5% in presence of standard care. In India there is no centre where invitro halothane caffeine contraction test (IVHCT) is performed to confirm
diagnosis in suspected cases. Secondly dantrolene drug of choice for this condition is not freely available in market in India and is stored only in
some hospitals in few major cities. Among the cases reported of suspected of malignant hyperthermia in India almost 50% have survived the condition
despite non availability of dantrolene emphasising role of early detection and aggressive management in these cases.
Key words .Malignant hyperthermia,dantrolene,halothane ,caffeine,contraction.
Introduction
Malignant hyperthermia is a relatively rare disease in India with very few case reports present in the literature in this regard. Malignant hyperthermia
was brought into attention for anaesthetic world by deaths attributable to general anaesthetics in a family living in Melbourne, Australia [1]. Incidence
of malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia is estimated to

Supplement use is a widespread and standard practice used among athletes to enhance athletic performance. Creatine is one popular ergogenic aid used
by athletes for a competitive edge. Creatine is acquired from amino acids and is primarily stored in the skeletal muscles.1 Approximately 60–65% of
creatine in the body is phosphorylated into phosphocreatine. This contributes a brief source of phosphate which promotes the re–synthesis of ATP
during intense exercise. 1 ATP is an essential fuel source during short
–burst activities such as sprints of 5–10 seconds.1 Therefore, athletes often use this
supplement to promote muscle mass and enhance anaerobic performance.1 Creatine also plays a role in shuttling ATP which promotes fuelenergy
metabolism.2

Effects Of Oral On Athletic Performance And Health
The Effect of Oral ATP Supplements on Athletic Performance and Health
Abstract
During the past 20 years, the nutritional supplement creatine monohydrate has continuously gained popularity and recognition as a successful
nutritional strategy to gain muscle mass and strength. Countless studies have been conducted to observe the effects of creatine supplementation on
physical performance of individuals, along with its effect on the health of the tested individuals. These studies have found that creatine supplementation
does indeed have a beneficial effect on physical performance by increasing strength and muscle mass, while not providing any serious health concerns
to those who consume it.
Literature Review
Over the past 20 years, the nutritional supplement creatine monohydrate has been gaining immense popularity, with documented sales from $50
million in 1996 (Bamberger, 1998) to over $400 million during 2001 (Metzl et al., 2001). Creatine supplementation first started to gain popularity after
Olympic athletes from the Barcelona Olympic Games believed that their performance had benefited from taking creatine supplements (Anderson, 1993).
Since then, creatine has become one of the most widely utilized nutritional supplements worldwide (Williams et al., 1999). A reason for this may be
that creatine is not banned by the National Collegiate Athlete Association (NCAA) or the International Olympic Committee. However, NCAA coaches
are not allowed to provide creatine for their

Taking A Look At Bodybuilding Supplements
Taking a look at bodybuilding supplements
Supplements can come as a great solution for the bodybuilder that wants to get better results from his workouts. But before diving into the land of
bodybuilding supplements, buying everything you can and everything you heard that might be good for bigger gains, you should calm a little bit and
inform yourself on what does what. There are a plethora of products on the market. There is the real supplement, the product that will aid you in your
workout to become the next bodybuilding world champion. Then there are tons and tons of miracle products. Unfortunately for us, they are legally
sold and can not be put down, despite the fact that there are just simple scams that promise the unthinkable. You need to know what to look for, what to
buy and how a product may affect you. Also, you need to understand that supplements are nothing more than little boosters in your already carefully
planned workout and diet that you follow religiously. Supplements without hard work is just mindless consumption of useless products. Working hard
is what makes bodybuilding such a great sport which attracts so many people. Nutrients are there to help you harden up in your hard work, resulting
into advancing to even harder work. As it was mentioned, products are plenty. There are plenty of products for the most specific of needs. The most
popular ones are creatine, protein powders, whey protein, glutamine, muscle milk, whey, iron supplements, vitamins

Sports Supplements Essay
Sports Supplements
Athletes are competitive. They go out there to win. But, at all costs? Why are athletes willing to sacrifice their long term health in order to have one
outstanding season? Will it be worth it when they are hooked up to machines in order to stay alive? Many athletes do not think that taking a supplement
will harm them. They are strong, tough athletes, nothing can harm them, right? So, they start taking creatine or andro, or both. For most, they lose body
fat, gain strength and muscle. That sounds great, but that is not always what happens. The use of over–the–counter sports supplements is dangerous
and the FDA should take them off the shelf.
Supplements are supposed to be taken to make up for a deficiency in some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because this type of creatine is pure. The body gets its natural creatine from red meat. But, red meat is not one hundred percent creatine. The
body cannot handle the potency of this supplement.
Androstenedione (Andro) is a hormonally based supplement that is supposed to help weight lifters add muscle. Andro is taken orally and goes to the
liver. The liver destroys most of what is ingested, but what does survive combines with various enzymes and temporarily boosts testosterone levels. This
boost in testosterone allows an athlete to perform at a level above what he usually does. "Androstendione is an honest–to–goodness steroid and a
precursor to testosterone." If an athlete takes andro before he goes to the gym, he will be able to lift more, and thus increase strength and size.
Although it is not legally considered an anabolic steroid at this time, andro acts exactly as they do. "Many endocrinologists insist that the
differences between supplements like androstenedione and traditional steroids (which are legal only for certain medical conditions) are trivial."
In Canada a prescription is needed to get andro, but in the US it is an over–the–counter drug. If they essentially have the same effects, then one should
not be illegal and the other legal. "The American College of Sports Medicine says anabolic steroids such as androstenedione as well as other
'dietary supplements' should be reevaluated and considered

Kennedy 's Disease : An Incurable Neuromuscular Disorder
Kennedy's Disease is an Incurable Neuromuscular Disorder.
What is Kennedy's Disease? Kennedy's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that affects both the spinal and bulbar neurons. KD is a lower
motor neuron disorder because it interrupts the transmission of nerve cell signals in the brain and spinal cord. This interruption affects the spinal and
bulbar neurons causing the major symptoms muscle atrophy, weakness, contraction fasciulations, and bulbar weakness. KD is the first of the
neurodegenerative disease for which the molecular basis was discovered to be the expansion of a trinucleotide CAG repeat in the causative gene
(Banno, 2012, p.313). The disease is inherited from an impaired x gene. Since KD is a recessive X– linked gene it primarily affects males. Females are
rarely affected because they have two X chromosomes and are usually just carriers of the defective gene. The carriers of the gene are usually
asymptotic but occasionally can develop mid symptoms. (Cell and Tissue Research, 2012, p. 13)
KD is a very rare disorder, the prevalence thought to be 2 per 100,000 people according to the Cell and Tissue Research article. It is thought that KD
is often misdiagnosis as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The first case ever recorded of KD came from a patient who was previously diagnosis with
ALS and wanted a seconded opinion. The onset for KD is usually midlife, the range being from 30–60 years of age. The onset is often preceded by
non–specific

Protein Powder Research Paper
Optimum Nutrition Creatine Powder, Unflavored Review
I bought this product in hopes that it would help me bulk up. I've become a pretty healthy guy, I work out about 3 times a week. I started working out
with my girlfriend 6 months ago. I eat clean and train as hard as I can, but I was not the size I wanted to be. I decided to invest in Optimum Nutrition
Creatine Powder. A friend had recommended this brand to me so I thought I'd give it a shot. I started using it in addition to my workout plan and eating
schedule.
After some initial research I found out that this produce has 5000 mg of Creatine Monohydrate. This supplement is great for helping muscles grow. It
also helps you recover more quickly and you build overalls strength. When I started taking it 3 months ago, I noticed that I go harder in the gym. I
went from bench pressing 145 to 285 pounds.
Pros ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most protein powders out there are way too expensive for what you're actually getting. I don't mind spending a little extra but it should be proportional.
I didn't think twice about buying this product. This one is a bang for your buck.
–It works. I've tried a lot of pills, supplements, and powders in the past. I didn't really see the results that I wanted from those, so I was happy to find
something that worked for me. I felt an increase in my energy as I started to use it, so I didn't feel so fatigued during my workouts. The fact that I
actually saw results was motivating.
–It's unflavored. For me this is a pro because I would rather have the option of adding it to anything. If something is chocolate or vanilla flavored I
think about what would taste best with it. When it's unflavored, you can mix it with anything. I usually add it to coffee or my

Creatine Supplements Research Paper
Creatine Supplements by Zachary Zerries
Creatine supplements have become increasingly popular among athletes and body builders as steroid alternatives. Many athletes, in fact, have at one
point toyed with the notion, or went ahead and used creatine supplements. Creatine use has rapidly gained a following among thousands of college,
high school, and junior high school athletes around the country.
Click Here to Visit Our Recommended Creatine Supplements Resource!]]>
Many in the nutritional and sports world, however, are concerned about Creatine Supplements and other nutrional supplements that are widely available
online and at local health food stores. They feel a lack of accurate information about creatine exists for the non–scientist.

The effects of Creatine in Sports Performance Essay
The criteria for articles chosen was that each piece of research needed to involved the intake of CR, and being physically or athletically tested pre
and post ingestion of CR with no other supplementation, steroid, or health related drugs involved. All research articles were double blind with
placebo groups to prevent the effects of bias and placebo effects. All research was done within the previous 16 years and a balance of gender was
aimed for in order to be unbiased but resources were mainly male orientated. Time period was not contained as a variety of short and long term
supplementation is good to compare the different effects of sports performance over different durations of supplementation. Age of subjects in
experiment weren't ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This could be a major reason towards why in Ziegenfuss's (2002) experiment in table 1 shows the cycle spring was dramatically increased for both
male and female Cr groups, but as the sprints continued the increase in the female ability was far greater than that of the males. Most of the
experiments regulated the subject's diet by making sure they maintained a similar intake as the week prior to pre Cr ingestion throughout the
experiment. Rossouw (2000), Vatania (2011), Ziegenfuss (2002), Gualanoa (2014), Reneta Rebello Mendes (2004) are all the researched articles
in table 1 which did the maintained diet style. Dami (2006) was the only article which controlled the diet of one of its groups by increasing its
protein and carb intake but contradicted this trial by giving the other group the ability to eat randomly, meaning there is no control group for this
difference in the experiment. For further investigation into Cr the effects of different diets on the effectiveness of the supplement needs to be
looked into, for example the question; do carb or protein related diets enhance the effects of Cr? Along with diets of subjects, the effects of the doses
and method Cr is taken is very basic. All of the researched articles in table 1 show that the Cr was taken orally, and 5 of a possible 7 experiments only
ingested 20g of Cr a

Creatine Supplement Research Paper
It is true that fitness shakes can help develop lean muscle mass, but it is also confirmed that creatine supplements (integratori di creatina) encourage fat
loss, improve metabolic activity, increase satiety and deliver essential nutrients to the user. These sepplements are made from fresh fruits, vegetables,
natural proteins, and vitamins, etc. The resistant starch (amido resistente) are necessary for your daily body functioning, and they can build muscles,
cartilage, bones, blood and repair skin. Healthy supplemetns are an essential part of your healthy life.
Some people have the need to lose weight, and they try to use different brands, medicines, fat loss belts, and supplements, which only waste their time
and money. Many individuals search for weight gain products, but they do not get the right products. The best way to lose your weight is this, dietary...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They help in delivering the essential nutrients to your body. These supplements help boost your immune system functioning up and rebuild tissue
growth, human body cells, and muscles.
Dietary supplements guide (guida integratori alimentari) are used to improve the muscles growth and performance during physical activities. Creatine
works well for a majority of people, who have used it on a regular basis during their workouts, exercises and sports routine. These supplements enhance
the capacity of the body to have greater muscle size and perform high–intensity work.
According to the latest information and global internet research, resistant starch (amido resistente) provide a lot of advantages to your health. It can
increase your myosin, muscle fiber size, muscle mass, hypertrophy, and improve maximal strength. Your bones regenerate, and you can defy the signs
of aging. From young to old, bodybuilders and athletes and fitness lovers, anyone can make these supplements a part of his or her balance

Body Weight, Height, Percent Body Fat And Squat Strength Test
There were no differences among groups for age, body weight, height, percent body fat and Squat strength test (Table 4). Moreover, the 9–day analysis
revealed no differences in energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake between groups throughout the study as shown in table 1.
Muscle Soreness
Regarding muscle soreness, the pre–exercise values were not different among groups. Muscle soreness significantly increased above baseline in all
groups at all time points (p < 0.05; Fig 2). Peak soreness occurred in all groups at 24 hrs after exercise. Also, the three groups had no effect on soreness
scores.
Serum Marker
Means CK levels are presented in Fig3. CK level reached its peak activity 48 hours after exercise with significant differences ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Possible explanations for differences between our findings and other published data could be attributed to age, exercise protocol and intensity of
exercise. Serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are an indication of the degree of metabolic adaptation to physical training
of skeletal muscles. These enzymes are involved in muscle metabolism, and their serum concentration is normally very low. They increase
considerably after intensive exercise. Changes in serum activity of muscle enzymes have been reported in normal subjects and athletes after
strenuous exercise. The amount of enzyme efflux from muscle tissue to serum can be influenced by physical exercise. These results showed that the
use of BCAA didn 't reduce serum CK activity 24 and 48 hrs after heavy resistance exercise. Serum CK activity was elevated in all groups after
exercise and was highest in the placebo group. It was obvious in BCAA group that the Ck and LDH levels were non–significantly lower than the
control one indicating that the muscle soreness is lower (higher muscle fitness). The positive action of BCAA in lowering the muscle soreness could be
referred to
– It 's compensatory and protective impacts on muscle tissue where valine,

Creatine To Avoid Supplements
Natural, performance–enhancing supplements are vital in many athletes' diet regimen because they are beneficial in muscle recovery and growth.
Aside from the very popular and sometimes overrated post workout aids of sports drinks, such as Gatorade and PowerAde, or protein shakes and bars,
Creatine is an emerging natural supplement that is becoming popular within the teen sports community. Creatine already exists naturally in the body
and is produced by amino acids that are created by the liver and kidneys, which are sent through the blood to the muscle, giving the athlete energy. The
elevation of energy, alongside regular weight training, eventually leads to a bulkier and more defined muscled athlete.
Creatine is the most effective supplement in building muscle which can lead to better athletic abilities and performance.
Creatine supplements, taken before a workout, in addition to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because creatine supplements help muscle grow faster, it tends to create bulky muscle, which is good for explosive and high intensity activities.
Creatine can act as a detriment to those who are looking to build endurance such as long distance runners who participate in marathons or triathlons.
Creatine supplements are more geared toward activities that release shorter bursts of energy such as short sprints, football, and wrestling. Creatine was
found to create muscle fibers that are fast twitch, which typically uses anaerobic metabolism to generate short energy bursts. Endurance activities need
slow twitch muscles that uses oxygen for energy. Creatine can help those endurance athletes gain muscle, however the bulk will not be beneficial to
them. But, for an athlete like me, who long jumps and triple jumps, creatine is effective in building my muscle and giving me the energy to complete
short burst of energy for each individual

Benefits Of Creatine Supplements
The use of supplements is a common thing in today's modern world, specifically in the athletic one. Every athlete is looking for a new way to enhance
performance whether it be through vitamins, enhancers, supplements, and so on. The purpose of this paper is to take a look at the supplement that
most athletes use, which is known as creatine, and to see if it has any benefits or none at all.
Creatine is a natural generated remote guanidine compound which is synthesized in the kidneys, pancreas, and liver and released into the blood, where
after, the majority of it is stored in the skeletal muscle (Kim et. al., 2015). Creatine's involvement in the body is that it provides the energy the muscles
need to work (CREATINE, n.d.).... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One side effect that comes with taking this supplement is weight gain. This could be because creatine allows for water buildup within the muscles
(CREATNIE, n.d.). Quackwatch mentioned that the reason for this is "increasing intracellular creatine may cause an osmotic influx of water into the
cell because creatine is an osmotically active substance" (1999) So it might not just be muscle mass that is allowing those to gain weight, but the
majority of it could be water weight instead. Another possible side effect would be the effect it might have on the kidneys. Earlier, I mentioned that
athletes exceeding the normal amount recommended could see consequences and this would be one of them. Also, taking creatine while on
prescription medications can also double the effect on the kidneys as well (CREATINE, n.d.). If someone is taking prescription medication, they must
first consult with their doctor before taking any

Dietary Supplement Essay
Walking through a strip mall, the allure of a GNC or a Vitamin Shoppe can be hard to resist. Enter through the front doors and get lost in wall–to–wall
shelves of products addressing health concerns so obscure that even the most neurotic hypochondriac would feel at ease. There are probiotics, herbal
therapies, bodybuilding supplements, smart pills, beverage infusions, vitamins and minerals, you name it. The products on these shelves represent the
fruits of a thirty billion dollar industry that capitalizes on consumers' desire to aspire beyond good health into the illusive realm of wellness–however
that is defined (Reinberg, 2015). The logic fueling this desire makes sense: given so many options to choose from, there must be something that will
make life even healthier and happier than it already is. This logic is both true and false at the same time. While there are a range of dietary supplements
catering to a range of health needs, it is important to understand the facts behind them and how to distinguish effective products from useless ones. By
considering science, avoiding marketing gimmicks, and moderating consumption, consumers can use dietary supplements in ways that could have
life–changing health benefits. Regulating your own consumption of dietary supplements based on independent research is extremely important,
because unlike food and drugs, the government will not shoulder this responsibility for you. This policy can be traced back to legislation from just
before

Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Syndromes ( Ccdss ) Essay
Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Syndromes (CCDSs)
Introduction A nitrogenous organic acid that is naturally produced in the kidney and liver of the human is called Creatine (Cr). The energy requirement
of the body is maintained by the Cr by the production of ATP. The energy is mainly given to high energy demand tissues. The humanbrain is the most
important tissue which requires Cr for the normal function. A part ofcreatine is converted into creatinine. This creatinine is removed from the body
along with urine. Hence, a supplement of approximately 2g/day is required. Cr is present in the normal diet that we take. Loss of or the malfunction
in the process carried out for the production of ATP can severely affect the human beings. This Cr deficiency is referred to as CCDSs.
Creatine
Cr as it is cannot help in the production of energy. There are many process downstream that helps Cr to perform its function. The following are the
process involved.
Creatine Synthesis: Creatine can be synthesized in the human body itself. Synthesis involves three amino acids: glycine, arginine and methionine
mainly. The two enzymes that drives the Cr synthesis are arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT), guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT).
Creatine synthesis is a two–step process catalyzed by the above mentioned enzymes. AGAT catalyzes arginine and glycine forming ornithine and
guanidinoacetate. AGAT is very specific to the amino acids in the

Creatine Supplements Essay
One of the most widely used supplements by athletes is creatine. Creatine phosphate is an important energy source during brief, high–intensity
activities and is important in rapid recovery (Creatine: MedlinePlus Supplements and Maughan, Depiesse, & Geyer, 2007). "There is substantial
evidence to show that creatine supplementation can increase the amount of creatine and creatine phosphate in the muscles and can improve
performance in strength and power events" (Maughan, Depiesse, & Geyer, 2007).
Creatine is used for improving muscles mass, strength, and recovery time (McGuire & Beerman, 2013). Maughan, Greenhaff, & Hespel (2011),
mentioned studies that show creatine supplements can enhance power output during short maximal sprints, when repeated sprints are performed with
short recovery periods, and it can potentiate the gains in fat–free mass and muscle force and power outputs during resistance training.
Creatine is obtained in our diet from meat, fish, and other animal sources. We typically need 1–2g of creatine a day, however, athletes taking creatine
supplements ingest 20–30g/day (McGuire & Beerman, 2013). In the article The Use of Dietary Supplements by Athletes, "the recommended creatine
loading regimen consist of an initial loading ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some claim that it can cause dehydration, muscle cramps, and impair kidney function. However, most studies suggest it is safe and pose very little
short–term risk (McGuire & Beerman, 2013). Creatine intake in healthy adults has found to be safe (Maughan, Depiesse, & Geyer, 2007). In addition,
the International Olympic Committee, NCAA, and professional sports allow creatine. However, the NCAA does not give schools funds to supply
creatine to the athletes (McGuire & Beerman, 2013, Creatine: MedlinePlus Supplements, and Maughan, Depiesse, & Geyer, 2007). Based on the
articles I read, all of them support the use of creatine supplements as long as it is taken

The Sports Supplement Industry Is Rapidly Growing And...
The Sports Supplement industry is rapidly growing and making an enormous profit off of their products when most of them don't even work
anyway. Forbes has stated that the supplement industry took in $32 billion dollars in 2012. The Nutritional Business Journal projects that the
number will jump to $60 billion dollars by the year 2021. The reason I want to share this is because you can save so much money by not buying
supplements or if you do then just purchase the ones that have actual scientific proof to benefit you. I like many people have been a victim of the
supplement industry. I was baited in just like everyone else with the "guaranteed lean muscle gains" or "rapid fat burn". The outrageous claims are
everywhere! If you go through a muscle magazine, every page is an advertisement telling you that to get big and ripped, you must purchase this hot
new supplement. They're all lies! Luckily for me, I did not spend years and years of buying supplements and wasting my money. After about a year of
buying supplements that I thought would work, I started to become educated on the topic and haven't wasted money on supplements since. Once you
find out the truth about supplements you will never waste your money and time on useless products again. Let's start off with the supplements that
actually do work and are worth purchasing if you have the money and desire for sports supplements. Protein powder and creatine. That's it. It's a short
list and makes you question why sports

Creatine is highly used with athletes and body builders who want to enhance their performance and build lean body mass. Creatine is one of the most
popular supplements on the market. With FDA approval there are many misconceptions about creatine supplements due to the misuse of steroids.
Through this essay I will explain a bit about creatine. Use examples of a study conducted about use of creatine and if it affects towards the human
body. Creatine comes in many different forms found on the shelves today. The purest creatine ranks up to 99.8% pure. This type of creatine is called
SKW creatine. This creatine is made in Germany. (BB, 2015) Although, almost all studies that have been conducted over the use of creatine use
creatine monohydrate. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Seven of which shaped the control group. The control group had no prior training or consumed any dietary supplements.
The other eighteen were divided into two groups. A Creatine and a Placebo group. They followed a controlled strength–training program for 42 days
and were followed for an additional three weeks of "detraining". (Or better known as the wash–out period). Creatine and a placebo were given over the
course of the study, which was approximately nine weeks.
They determined the intra and extra cellular compartments using a bioimpedance spectroscopy and determined the muscle contracting and shortening
at a consistent rate of speed during a squat using a isokinetic dynamometer. They took these measurements before, after the training period, and after
the detraining period. They found that there was an increase of 6% in both the placebo and creatine group. Which constitutes that creatine did not
have any benefits regarding the force measured during a single movement. There was no change in body mass in the placebo or controlled group.
However, there was an increase by 2 kg in body mass in the creatine group. This change can be due to partially the body water content and an increase
in inter–cellular

The Effects of Creatine on Athletes' Bodies Essay examples
The Effects of Creatine on Athletes' Bodies
From a very early age sports are introduced upon both young boys and girls. Although it begins with sportsmanship and teamwork, it begins to evolve
into new objectives when these young athletes enter high school. In fact, high school sports are vastly different. Your mind is trained to obliterate the
opponent and win at all costs. This mentality can often lead many young athletes to turn to supplements to assist in muscle building. The most common
supplement in use currently is Creatine. While athletic departments and sports nutrition stores claim that it is harmless, why do so many high school
athletes end up with severe muscular and pulmonary damage? The answer has yet to be clearly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The human body will generate half of all needed creatine and ATP on a daily basis. The remaining half is produced from the food that we consume.
What this means is that we naturally accumulate almost 100% of the needed energy on a daily basis. When these young athletes now add another
5–15%, the body may undergo some changes or side affects. According to the American College Of Sports Medicine, creatine is not recommended for
athletes that work out in heated areas or warm climates. Furthermore, they also warn that adolescents have a much greater risk of damaging their
internal organs than adults with a similar level of health. These warnings should serve as a red flag for parents who willingly allow their student
athletes to consume creatine as a dietary supplement. In fact, if athletes or parents researched this product they would find that it is not currently
regulated by the Food And Drug Administration (FDA). Meanwhile athletic departments all over this country purposely influence athletes to participate
in the use of this drug, all in the name of winning. Sadly, high school sports has turned into a method of financial dependency by fiscally strapped
public school systems. In fact, these school systems put pressure on high school athletic associations to allow athletes to experiment with these
supplements that are not regulated or controlled. People are still under the assumption that Creatine is safe because it is sold over the counter.

Creatine and its Dangers Essay
Creatine and its Dangers
Creatine is a very controversial supplement on the market today. Many endorse the uses of creatine, but others are skeptical about the advantage a
person receives from taking it and the dangers one inherits as a result of creatine consumption. The debate remains due to the short amount of time that
creatine has been available. People base their opinions on preliminary studies that have been done but no one knows the long–term effects of creatine
on the body. Many take the risk without vast knowledge, but others still remain skeptical based on preliminary evidence that discourages the intake of
creatine.
How Creatine Works
Creatine is naturally produced in the body in the liver, pancreas, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Creatine allows for increased storage of ATP. "The transfer of a molecule of phosphorous from creatine phosphate to adenosine diphosphate(ADP)
results in the formation of ATP. ...since the muscle creatine phosphate concentrations can fall to almost zero, it(creatine consumption) can make a
significant contribution to the energy supply needed for brief bursts of very high–intensity exercise," says Dr. Bolotte. The equation for the synthesis of
ATP from creatine phosphate and ADP is as follows: PCr + ADP forms ATP + Cr. (http://www.lsms.org/journal/98creat.html) Also, lactic acid levels,
which cause muscles to burn during workouts, are lowered by the consumption of creatine. Without the burning sensation, athletes don't feel the need to
stop exercising. Athletes begin their creatine process with a loading phase of twenty grams per day for five days. Then, they consume three to five
grams per day. (http://www.mothernature.com/ency/supp/creatine_monohydrate.asp) Many studies have exhibited gains after this process of
consumption.
The Theory Behind Creatine
The supplement creatine is used for faster recovery for muscles after short periods of exercise. The theory is an athlete on creatine can exhibit more
explosive bursts of energy allowing for longer weight workouts, more sprints, etc. Increased muscle mass and bulk are two of the ideas behind
creatine, but they only occur as long as people work out while taking the substance. It doesn't create

Creatinine Lab Report
Creatinine, a breakdown product of creatine phosphate, is a waste product excreted through urine. Since, depending on muscle mass, age, sex, diet and
exercise, creatinine is produced at a fairly constant rate by the body, hence, its measurement is commonly used to assess the GFR (1). Various methods
often employed for the estimation of creatinine are: Jaffe's method, Enzymatic method, High performance liquid chromatography, Gas–chromatography
with mass spectrometry and Isotope–dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) (2,3). Although the IDMS method is considered to be the gold standard for
creatinine estimation, however because of its cost and cumbersome nature, it cannot be routinely used in Clinical Biochemistry labs (4). Due to its
simplicity and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The absorption of light by normal bilirubin (4Z,15Z–bilirubin) results in the creation of 2 isomeric forms of bilirubin: structural isomer (Z–lumirubin)
and configurational isomer (4Z,15 E –bilirubin). Both these structural and configurational isomers of bilirubin have substantially different chemical
and light absorption properties than bilirubin, are less lipophilic than normal bilirubin and can be excreted into bile without undergoing glucuronidation
in the liver. The absorption of light by bilirubin also results in the generation of excited–state bilirubin molecules that react with oxygen to produce
colorless oxidation, or photooxidation products. The rate of formation of bilirubin photoproducts is highly dependent on the intensity and wavelengths
of the light used (13). The most efficient wavelength for the isomerization of bilirubin is approximately 450 nm, whether applied to the fluid samples
for testing or the treatment of jaundice. Wavelengths that fall within the range of 400 nm–500 nm, and more specifically 445 nm–475 nm are known
to effect isomerization (14). The blue lights are chosen for light emission wavelengths of approximately 450 to 530 nm, which is the optimal range of
light absorption for bilirubin. In contrast, the optimal range of light absorption for

Creatine Side Effects On Nutritional Supplements

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