The Federal League Of Baseball

The Federal League Of Baseball
The Federal Baseball Club was a member of the Federal League of Baseball Players. This case was
often called the Federal Baseball Ruling (Baseball–reference). It was believed that the National
League of Professional Baseball Club and the American League of Professional Baseball Club
conspired to monopolize the business of Professional Baseball by buying out members of the
Federal League and by telling the members of the Federal League to leave. Monopolize is defined as
either a group or organization that obtain exclusive possession or control. The federal league
declared to be a third major league, having competition with the national league and the American
league in 1914 (Baseball–reference). While competing for players and bringing in ... Show more
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Having &80,000.00 of damages, then it tripled to $240,000.00 under the Clayton Act. The Court of
Appeals reversed the verdict saying that baseball was not a subject to the Sherman Act, stating
because it didn't constitute a form of interstate commerce (Baseball–reference). Curtis Charles Flood
was born on January 18th, 1938 in Houston, Texas. He was youngest of six children. When Flood
was nine, he joined the Junior Sweet Shop team. His coach was George Powles. His coach taught a
lot of talented baseball players who went to the major leagues. After graduating from high school he
signed a contract to play for the Cincinnati Redlegs, for $4000.00. Racisms was a problem back
then. While headed to training camp, Flood was rushed out of a side door at the hotel he was
staying, and was made to stay at a boarding house, where blacks were housed (sabr.org). Curt Flood
filed a suit in a federal court in New York, against Bowie Kuhn, a commissioner. The president of
the American and National Leagues and all twenty–four Major League Baseball Teams. The
Cardinals traded Flood to the Philadelphia Phillies in October 1969. Flood then wrote a letter to
Kuhn later that year, saying the leagues players were reserve clause. A reserve clause was part of a
player's contract that said upon the contract, the right for the players was to be retained by the team.
The player had to either negotiate a new contract to play another year, or ask to be released or traded
for another team. Kuhn
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Major League Baseball In The 1800's
The great sport of baseball took a long time to develop into the game it is today. Major League
Baseball wasn't always a bunch of sunflower spitting guys hitting four homeruns a game, in fact, in
the early stages, very few were hit. Major League Baseball has grown tremendously since the 1800's
and it is still growing. Baseball was created in 1845 by Alexander Cartwright, however the first
official game wasn't played until 1846. In 1858, the National Association of Baseball Players was
created, which was the first official baseball league. Then, as baseball was picking up, the Civil War
caused it to slow down. This was until the Union soldiers spread the sport across the country
(Lahman). By the end of the war, baseball was as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 1st World Series occurred in 1903, and has been played 112 times, as of 2016. The New York
Yankees have the most wins, with 27 which is enough to more than double the second–place team,
the St. Louis Cardinals. The Cardinals have only 11. The Yankees have been the most dominate
team in the MLB since they entered it in 1901. According to Statista.com, "The Yankees, which play
in the American League East, were established in 1901 under the name the Orioles in Baltimore and
were rebranded in 1913 in New York. The New York Yankees are the most valuable franchise in
Major League Baseball. As of 2017, the team's brand value is estimated at some 3.7 billion U.S.
dollars." The Yankees have been by far the best team in the MLB, as they have been extremely
dominant throughout

Speech On Steroids And Major League Baseball
Kyle Hamilton
SPK 208–20
10/30/16
Persuasive Speech Outline
I. Introduction
A. Attention Getter: On August 7th, 2007, Barry Bonds hit home run number 756, passing Hank
Aaron for the most home runs in Major League history. However, this record is controversial, due to
steroid use.
B. Thesis: Today I am going to persuade you all about the use of steroids in Major League Baseball,
persuading you why steroids should not be allowed in Major League Baseball. I have a call to action
for all of you to help others if they are considering using steroids, and next time you watch a MLB
game to realize the impact of steroids.
C. Credibility: Gave my informative speech on Steroids in Major League Baseball
D. WIIFM: My survey stated you all didn't know the impact on steroids before my informative
speech, now I will try to persuade you all to feel the same way I feel.
E. Preview: I am going to persuade you all to not allow steroids in Major League Baseball by
explaining the problem of what steroids brings to Major League Baseball, then discuss a couple of
major causes, then provide a couple logical solutions.
Transition: Now I am going to discuss the problem of steroids in Major League Baseball.
II. Body
A. Problem
1. Dangers of Steroids
a. Risks and Side Effects
i. In Jarred R. Tynes study of Performance Enhancing drugs in Major League Baseball in a 2006
issue of The Journal of Legal Medicine, "some physiological side effects include decreased sperm
production, enlargement of breast

The Little League Of The Baseball Cap
From a young age, girls and boys are separated in all walks of life; none is truer than in sports,
especially baseball. In 1939 Little League Baseball was founded for anyone between the ages of 5
and 18; leading with their motto Courage, Character, and Loyalty. This idea of courage was
especially true in the year 1950, when Kathryn Johnston tucker her hair under her baseball cap, took
on the nickname "Tubby" and posed as a boy for her local teams tryouts. It was not until after she
made the team that Kathryn revealed her true identity, leaving the local league no choice but to
allow her play. In just one year after that incident, the Little League regulations were changed (as
too should have their motto). Their new document read out "Girls ... Show more content on
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In 2009, Jennifer Ring, wrote an article titled "Baseball Is War"; in this article she references how
this law, no matter how old it is, will never really be accepted socially. She states that "girls playing
baseball is still news. Parents who arrive at a youth baseball game and unfold their portable chairs
are still, in 2009, surprised by the presence of a ponytail"(Ring, 12). It is not until something as
simple as a girl on a baseball field is 'old news', that we will be able to say, we are equal. Perhaps
Ring is right on the second page of her article where she states that, "The battle is cultural, not
legal". It has been a females' legal right since 1973 to play baseball, yet we see it less and less as the
years go on. During the 19th century, women's teams at six different colleges as well as other
outside sources began playing baseball. Baseball was a chance for these women to step out side of
their comfort zone almost and gain a freedom that they otherwise did not have before. Martha Brady
states it best with her quote from article "Creating Safe Spaces and Building Social Assets for Young
Women in the Developing World" When she says, "To a degree, being involved in sports appears to
work against the repressive effects of conformity and femininity and allows girls access to the more
action–oriented realm of adolescence that is typically enjoyed by boys (Brady, 42). During this time
a couple women stood out and began to

Segregation In Major League Baseball
During the 1920's and 1930's, which was a time of discrimination and racial injustice for African–
Americans, to whom Major League Baseball was exclusively off limits, was considered a "White
Man's Game." Until 1947, when Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in baseball, by suiting up
for the Brooklyn Dodgers on Opening Day, April 15, 1947. All baseball fans know the story of
Robinson and the integration of baseball, but, the more important stories come from his
predecessors, who worked hard to make Jackie's feat possible, and to those who would come after
themselves. We all know the names Satchel Paige, Josh Gibson, Oscar Charleston, and Ray
Dandridge, but we don't all know the extensive struggles they faced in order to help African–
Americans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bagwell, Thome, and Suzuki are all very likely to be future inductees. Halladay and Lofton are a
not–as–likely candidates, although Lofton was able to steal 622 bases (good enough for 15th all–
time), and, albeit, Halladay's career ended prematurely due to repeated elbow issues, and Tulowitzki,
assuming he puts up the same numbers he has in recent years for the next 7–8 seasons, will also
have put up a strong career, although not quite good enough for Hall of Fame enshrinement, despite
his clutch hitting and defensive agility. Also, all of the Negro League players mentioned above are in
the Hall of Fame, which has only inducted 312 players in its 75–year history, 35 of which have
played in the Negro Leagues. Some of Schoenfield's honorable mentions include "Smokey" Joe
Williams, Cristobal Torriente, Martin Dihigo, "Judy" Johnson, "Biz" Mackey, Monte Irvin, and Leon
Day, all of whom are Hall of Fame inductees. Lastly, to compare Negro League players to Major
League players, perhaps the best method of comparison is direct comparisons through their
statistics. To do that, one must take the numbers put up by each man, respectively, and compare
them

American Baseball League
"Baseball was, is and always will be to me the best game in the world." (Babe Ruth) Baseball is one
of America's favorite pastimes, with an avid following created around players and teams. Our
enthusiasm for baseball is also shared with other countries where baseball has spread. Japan and the
Dominican Republic both have professional baseball leagues. One of the ways these international
leagues work together is the exchange of players. This business has brought many foreign league
players to the United States. Within this exchange have been controversies about the ethicacy of the
player's payments and contracts. In the country where baseball is the most popular, even some of
migrant players get mistreated. In this paper, I will look at the ... Show more content on
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The first American baseball league was created, with help from the soldiers in the Civil War,
creating the National Association of Base Ball Players. From here, baseball in American only
continued to grow. As the popularity of baseball slowly emerged, more news stories turned away
from cricket to watch the growth of a new sport. At this time, only white men can be part of these
teams, a the same time, women could still not vote. Many countries didn't even have women's
leagues until fairly recently. Today, there are two major baseball leagues in America, the National
league and the American League, each with 15 teams. In 2014, Major League Baseball raked in 9
billion dollars in revenue. The American baseball craze has propelled the sales of tickets, gear, and
merchandise, upon which teams are capitalizing. Baseball has also evolved with our society. Before
segregation was banned, there were separate teams for African–Americans. The leagues these teams
played under were called the "Negro Leagues". Negro Leagues were first established alongside
other white leagues at the beginning of American baseball. Segregated teams and leagues continued
until the early 1950's,

The National League Of Major League Baseball
Should there be a designated hitter in the national league in major league baseball? That is the
question that is being asked around major league baseball by fans, owners, managers, and the
players. If a team is playing in an American league ball park both teams must use a designated hitter
in place of the pitcher. If a team is playing in a National league ball park both teams' pitchers must
hit instead of having a designated hitter. This is set to give each league an advantage when playing
in interleague games because National league teams normally carry an extra pitcher while American
league teams normally carry an extra hitter. However, injury concerns, numbers, and entertainment
factors play a huge part in the designated hitter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An injury like this is more of a freak accident rather than an injury that could be prevented. A line
drive up the middle that hits the pitcher may look bad, but in most cases they usually only miss a
few starts. Generally it is concussions which there are proper protocols for concussion related
incidents. This year two National league pitchers have been injured while hit. That may not
necessarily seem like a high number, but it is when it is related to pitchers. Adam Wainwright is the
ace of the St. Louis Cardinals and this year he had a season ending injury while he was leaving the
box to run to first. In this example, the cardinals lost their ace for the year. Teams do not want to see
their ace or any pitchers go down because it could affect their playoff aspirations. Even though
Wainwright went down the cardinals are currently in first place of their division. They even have
two pitchers with 10 wins or more, but it does not always happen like that. Take the Chicago Cubs
for example who are currently in the race to be in position to contend for a wild card spot. Jon
Lester is their best pitcher on their staff. This would ultimately end their season over something that
could have been prevented if he was injured while at the plate. Major league baseball teams do not
want to lose a great pitcher over something that could be avoided. Many people believe that this
could be solved if the

The Patterns Of Segregation In Major League Baseball
Another avenue that can be discussed in the sport that is being managed and why it may be harder
for minorities to take over. A look in Major League Baseball, shows that baseball is America's
pastime. With the sport being a white dominated sport by leadership, it's harder for minorities to
integrate into leadership roles. Sack, Singh & Thiel (2005) suggests, there is reason to believe that
positional segregation by race and ethnicity, or stacking, does have an indirect, disparate negative
impact on minorities. There are patterns of segregation in the sport of baseball and it continues since
everyone that is brought into the professional baseball world are actually playing the sport and not
owning the team. . Sack, Singh & Thiel (2005) noted,

Steroids In Major League Baseball
Baseball is America's national pastime, but it has still faced controversy. Major League Baseball and
its players have faced one huge problem, steroids. Performance enhancing drugs such as
testosterone, human growth hormone, and androstenedione are all factors of the horrible period in
baseball known as the "Steroid Era". Almost all of the home run leaders, prime pitchers, and many
all–stars at the time had one thing in common; they all used steroids. This still is a problem and
Major League Baseball and its officials need to be stricter and tighten drug tests, and ban steroids
for good.
Steroids' history in baseball goes back to the 1980s. Players and their trainers found an easy way to
build strength and increase their production. They

The League Baseball Is The Only Major American Sports League
It is generally assumed with sports teams that the more you pay, the more you win. Without further
insight this sounds like a logical statement. But is it factual. Of the four major American sports
leagues all but one have a salary cap. A salary cap is defined as the maximum amount a team can
pay in player salaries before they are required to pay a luxury tax. Major League baseball is the only
major American sports league to not utilize a salary cap, thus making it an exemplary model to
investigate the abstract of this paper. There are several factors that determine the payroll of an MLB
franchise such as media rights, concession sales, and ticket revenue. Media rights are not equal for
all teams, thus some teams may have an unfair ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As alluded to earlier, MLB franchises are awarded exclusive rights to broadcast games in their local
markets creating a monopoly in the franchise 's immediate area. It must also be taken into account
that when comparing attendance averages and price comparisons that not all ballparks have the same
capacity or have equal numbers of choice seats. Nor do they share the same number of seats where
there may be obstructions and prices are discounted. It must also be noted that not all markets are
equal in terms of population and demand for sports entertainment when there are other professional
sports franchises in that local market. With those disclaimers in place we can now analyze if ticket
demand is elastic, unit elastic or inelastic.
II. Elastic Demand Analysis Applying what is known about micro economic theory we can equate
that in a MLB team 's local market the team is a single product firm and that it will maximize profits
when the additional cost of production is equal to the added revenue from selling the product
(marginal cost = marginal revenue). When a team sells more tickets, its revenue will increase, unless
the team decreases ticket prices to sell more tickets than the revenue will be offset by the reduced
ticket price. When the demand for tickets is elastic, lowering ticket price will cause revenues to
increase, since marginal revenue will be positive. When the demand for tickets is unit elastic,
revenues will neither

Essay on A Proposal for Major League Baseball
Steroids Solution in Sports Many famous individuals in sports have tried to cheat their way out huge
contracts with the help of substances that enhance their abilities. When fans' trust is being played
because of this act of insult to the culture of sports, it should bring shame to the individuals who
took part in the accident. Many athletes have been caught and have received punishment, minor
punishments, but there shall be more that are willing to try to take the risk. A solution to this matter
is to end the individual's contract ,or just distribute the money to many charities that need the money
or to help the community. Have a bingo game with the money that the team is giving to the player.
Each time increasing the winning ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most talked stat that always been argued to see who the best is the home runs. The "steroid era"
has been devastating for fans that appreciated the game, but no one cannot say that. Kids and adults
were leaving the action players brought to the field every day. Many did not know a lot about the
steroids being used by famous players, but there were rumors in and out teams. Having a substance
that will guarantee help in hand–and–eye coördination, better endurance, speed, power, agility and
more is the miracle substance for any athlete. Being fun and all, there are numbers that alarms
scouts, managers, general managers, fans, media, and more when a player is being productive.
When a player is having a good year on the field, making a noise and maintaining the level of play
throughout the season is coming. Seeing the same player having more than one horrible season is
also common. But when players' stats are constant for many seasons, that is when red flags come up
and questions are followed by it. In the year 2000 according to FanGraphs there were a total of
5,692 home runs in 190,246 plate appearances (FanGraph pg. 1). There were 139,086 contact plays
from players in that season recorded, which dictate that the percentage of home runs from contact
was 4.1% (FanGraph pg. 1). This means that at in every game there was at least 2 to 4 home runs.
That is incredibly high for a season because

The Major League Baseball ( Mlb )
New York, New York, New York, The sport of baseball has been through many things, wars,
depression, even strikes and moving form one side of our great nation of the United States to the
other. The Major League Baseball (MLB) even has teams in Canada. New York is the city we are
talking about, though, some might not know it the home of MLB, and some even call it "the Capital
of Baseball." (Burns, 1994) I can believe it, the city was where most of the history started for the
sport of baseball. I wont even mention all of the other major league sports that currently reside there.
I have to give you some facts about the city of New York. Currently there are two teams there, the
Yankees and the Mets, which I think is funny because they started with three, lost two and now there
are two. Overall, there have been thirty–five MLB World Series and seventy–three pennants won by
New York Teams. There has even a "Sub–way Series," which means that the two New York teams
played each other. Taking a sub–way to each of their respected fields to play the game. To be exact
there has been fourteen, overall, World Series in which two New York City teams played each other.
This occurrence has never happened more than once in any other city or metropolitan area. The
latest was in 1989 when Oakland Athletics and the San Francisco Giants played each other. There
are four other cities that have two baseball teams, Baltimore–Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles,
and the San Francisco. We can also

Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay
Steroid Use in Major League Baseball
Why Major League Baseball players would use steroids is the biggest question that every person in
the world wants to know. I think MLB players use steroids so they can bulk up and get stronger,
which will allow them to last through the long, seven–month season. I think that because they play
162 games a year during these seven months that this causes a great deal of wear and tear on their
bodies. Especially if a player gets hurt, they might try to take illegal medicines, such as steroids, to
help them get back on the field quicker, hoping that maybe they could help their team win the
pennant. Steroids however, are indeed very dangerous because they mess with the body's hormones.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Everyone who he named was playing good baseball at the time he said they were taking steroids.
For example, Mark McGwire was one baseball player's name that came up. He broke the record for
home runs in a season in 1998. It seemed impossible to break that record at the time, but he did it.
Now nobody knows if he was on steroids or not. When he had to come in front of a court recently,
and they asked him questions about doing steroids, he said that he could not say not because his
lawyer advised him not to and that it might hurt him and his family in the long run. When he did not
answer the question, I myself lost respect for him because, to me, that meant he did indeed do
steroids. He was the only player that did not answer the question. Sammy Sosa and Rafael Palmerio
answered that they did not do steroids. Canseco also said that he not only injected McGwire, but
also Jason Giambi. Giambi was the most obvious steroid user, and he actually admitted to doing
steroids this year in front of a grand jury. If steroids were allowed in the MLB, there would probably
be all kinds of new records, but this would not accomplish much because they were broken with the
help of steroids. In Major League baseball this off–season, there has been a lot of controversy about
steroids. The commissioner of MLB, Bud Selig, has banned steroid usage from the game. Everyone
this off–season was shocked when Canseco wrote a book called "Juiced," in which he told when he

Mlb League Baseball Is A North American Baseball League
Major League Baseball
Major League Baseball is a North American baseball league that sponsors professional baseball
teams and players. MLB is the most successful and oldest North American professional sports
league. MLB has had some of the best athletes in the history of the world. It is America's pastime
and is the best professional sports league in the world.
On February 2, 1876, the national league of baseball was formed. This league would come to be
known as the National league in the Major League of Baseball. The American league in the Major
League of Baseball was later formed in 1901. There were 8 original teams. The Boston Red
Stockings, Chicago White Stockings, Cincinnati Red Stockings, Hartford Dark Blues, Louisville
Grays, Mutual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The World Series was created in 1903. The best team from the National League and American
League would compete at the end of each season to be crowned World Series Champions. The
American League has won 63 of the 110 World Series played, leaving 47 of them to be won by
National League teams. The New York Yankees have won the most World Series, having won 27 of
them. The St. Louis Cardinals have won 11.
The Most Valuable Player Award was introduced to baseball in 1911. The best player in each league
was given the award due to their outstanding playing that season. The most MVP awards ever won
was 7, won by Barry Bonds. In 1956, the CY Young award was created. It was named after one of
the best pitchers in history. This awarded the best pitcher in all of baseball in that season. Then in
1967, the award was given to not just the best pitcher in all of baseball, but the best in the National
and American league both got the award. Roger Clemens won the most CY Young awards ever with
7. These are the most popular and most prestigious awards to win. There are many other awards
such as, the Silver slugger, Gold glove, Delivery man, Platinum Glove, Rookie of the year, and
Comeback Player of the Year, Manager of the Year, World Series MVP, the Hank Aaron award,

The Unique History Of The Negro Baseball Leagues
In this essay we will take a look at the unique history of the Negro Baseball Leagues. We will
discuss how they were an integral part of the African American culture and what they meant to their
communities. We will also discuss some of the more famous players of the Negro Leagues as well
as take a look at what the impact of Jackie Robinson being the first African American to be signed to
a professional Major League team was and how it affected the future of baseball.
Black American men were banned from being able to play professional baseball from the early
1900's till the late 1940's. This sparked the creation of what was known as the Negro Leagues. The
first successful Negro League was formed in 1920 by Andrew "Rube" Foster (https://
negroleaguebaseball.com), but suspended operations in 1931 due to the financial hardships
associated with the Great Depression (Baseball: An Illustrated History, G. Ward, Page 87). As the
Great Depression ended and America got closer to WWII, the popularity of the Negro leagues grew.
The creation of the Negro National League and the Negro American League represented the two
premier Negro leagues in the 1930's and 1940's. They were just as organized as their white
counterparts. They played a 140 game schedule, had their own all–star games, as well as their own
World Series (Baseball: An Illustrated History, G. Ward, Page 247). The Negro leagues flourished
during WWII. The white players of the professional teams were being drafted and their

Racial Segregation In Major League Baseball
Introduction
Back in the day, American baseball excluded players of African–American descent from Major
League Baseball and also in its lower Minor Leagues up until 1947. Racial segregation in
professional baseball was called a "gentleman's agreement"– an arrangement or understanding
which is based upon the trust of both or all parties, rather than being legally binding– because there
was no written agreement even at the highest level of organized baseball, the major leagues. But
there was a vote in the minor league in 1887 that was against allowing new contracts with African–
American players within its league which sent a powerful strike that eventually led to the
disappearance of African–Americans from the sport's other minor ... Show more content on
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The Negro National Leagues were founded in 1920 by Rube Foster. The NNL lasted through 1931,
mostly in the midwest, accompanied by the major Eastern Colored League for several seasons to
1928. National and American leagues. Negro leagues were established in 1933 and 1937 which went
on until integration. The Negro Southern League operated consecutively from 1920, usually at a
lower level. None of them, were members of organized baseball, the system led by Commissioner
Landis from 1921. Until 1946, professional baseball in the United States was played in two very
racially segregated league systems, one on each side of the color line. Most of that time there were
two high–level "Negro major leagues" with a championship playoff or all–star game, between the
white major

Major League Baseball Essay
1. Briefly, what are the major developments in the history of the labor–management relationship
within Major League Baseball?
According to Lewicki, Barry & Saunders (2010), the major developments of labor–management
relationship within Major League Baseball (MLB) started in the late 1960s and were characterized
by the ongoing disputes between the owners and the players that resulted in the following hard
bargaining agreements, work stoppages and lockouts:
a) 1st and 2nd Basic Agreement – was a contract that 1) significantly increased the minimum salary
of all the players and 2) established a protocol that players could follow to air their grievances. The
agreements came as a response mechanism that was used by U.S. owners who wanted to ... Show
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However, the clause was challenged in 1976 after two players went to arbitration and won, by a 2 to
1 vote, the right to offer their services to the highest bidder thus killing the reserve clause.
d) 5th Basic Agreement – the MLBPA and the PRC could not agree on how a team that was losing a
free agent could be compensated thus making the players to go on strike prior to the start of the
1980 season. This forced both parties to agree on studying the free–agent compensation issue for a
year after which they would regroup to revisit the issue. In 1981, the players went on strike again
after the two parties failed to agree on the terms of free–agent compensation. This forced the parties
to eventually reach an agreement stipulating that the team that had lost a player would in return
receive a player from the signing team.
e) 6th Basic Agreement – the MLBPA and the PRC would once again butt heads over pension
contribution levels that had been agreed on in the 3rd Basic Agreement and the free–agent
compensation that was agreed on in the 5th Basic Agreement. However, the two parties reached an
agreement within a day to avoid a strike.
f) 7th Basic Agreement – in 1990, the owners tried to institute another lockout because the lack of a
salary cap made it possible for large market teams to attract richer television contracts from local
networks and offer players higher salaries. The owners were proposing a revenue sharing program
that would mandate the

The game of baseball is a rich part of the American culture that has helped this country thrive in its
darkest of hours. There has always been something captivating about the match–up of a flame–
throwing pitcher and a homerun hitting machine. Since 1869, when Major League baseball (MLB)
was founded, fans all over North America have traveled near and far to see such marquee match–
ups. Much of the pressure is on the pitcher, as it is regularly the batter who experiences the failure.
Much of the responsibility therefore falls on the person who warms up the pitcher to let him know
what pitches are the most effective and deceptive. Professional bullpen catchers have the same role
as the bullpen catchers in college. Being a part of a relatively ... Show more content on
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A bullpen catcher is not someone you can visually pick out of a team. He travels with the team, eats
with the team, and joins in the pregame rituals with the team. However, much like the other catchers
on the team, it is his knowledge that allows him to stand out. On a game day when the phone alarm
goes off at 7:00 am, every bullpen catcher knows that the he is in for a long day. First, he will set out
his uniform, in reverse order of how he will put the garments on. Sanitary Socks, Stirrups,
undershirt, warm up jersey, pants, belt and hat is the order the average bullpen catcher will put on
his uniform. After he has set his clothes out, he will get into the team warm ups and retreat to eat
breakfast with his team. The cafeteria that the team eats in echoes tired small talk and smells of
warm maple syrup covering pre–made waffles that are stale and unappealing to the taste buds.
Given approximately forty–five minutes to eat, and steal food for a midgame snack, the team must
grab their bags and head to the coaches office for the scouting report of the opposing team for the
day. The entire team will enter a dim–lit, musty smelling room as they are confined to those quarters
until they have been provided with all the

Major League Baseball Historical Investigation
12/14/15
James Powers
U.S. History
Dr. King–Owen
Period 1
Historical Investigation
In 1869 Cincinnati formed the first paid baseball team in American history. First played
professionally in 1876, the National League, the name for the league at the time, made Baseball the
first professional sport ever to be played in America. During this time players would generally jump
around from team to team and even league to league. In 1903 Major League Baseball was founded.
America's game had a new home. A home for whites that is. Blacks were excluded from
professional sports.
Major League Baseball was not an opportunity for everyone, during this time period baseball was
segregated. Whites played in the Major League and blacks played in the ... Show more content on
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Although what these men did for the game was so significant, life wasn't easy for them. Jackie and
Larry received countless death threats, endured nonstop racism, and heard many epithets. Robinson
later went on to be named the first rookie of the year. The award is now given in his name.
In 1946, the same year Robinson broke the baseball color barrier, the football barrier was broken.
Paul Brown, founder, part owner, and coach of the Cleveland Browns fielded a team with two black
players, Bill Willis and Marion Motley. After Paul Brown's bold move, the NFL agreed to allow
black players to be a part of the game too, with the Browns being the first team to follow through.
Not only do these two men have a great impact on the game of baseball, but also other popular
American sports. Four years after Robinson broke the baseball color barrier, Earl Lloyd became the
first black to play in the National Basketball Association. Lloyd played college ball at West Virginia
State and went on to be drafted in the ninth round of the 1950 NBA draft. He and 3 others were
selected into the NBA at the same time, but because of scheduling, Lloyd was the first to play a
game

Major League Baseball Playoffs Alds And Alcs
Major League Baseball Playoffs ALDS and ALCS Baseball starts in the spring and ends in the fall
with a total of 162 games that every team must play. The playoffs start about a week after the regular
season ends, and is composed of eight teams in total, four from both the National and American
league. The Playoffs are divided into 3 series, the first one being the ALDS or the NLDS in which
two teams face off in a best–of–five–game series. The American and National League are each
divided in a best–of–seven–game series. The world series which reigns the best baseball team in the
league is made up of 7 games in which 2 teams; one from the National and American league have to
reach to seven games to win the championship title. However, ... Show more content on
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The final criteria is that every player should play their bodies off making sensational plays that will
be highlighted the next day on ESPN Sports center. Overall the playoffs were one for the records
because my evaluation consists of achieving in all aspects of the game. The road to the actual
playoffs began in a single game in which the Houston Astros defeated the Yankees in an effort to
win the last playoff spot. Two days later after their win the Astros faced the Kansas City Royals and
this series lasted the 5 games. Sadly for the Astros, the Royals won the series and advanced to the
ALCS. The Royals did everything right but they wouldn't have done it without the help of Alcides
Escobar who got on base almost every single game and Eric Hosmer who hit a couple of home runs
and managed to get an RBI in almost every game. This series was really intense because all the
games were played; meaning that there was a tie between the teams and games 5 was the last shot
for both of them. Both of these teams played really good and players from both teams made a lot of
sensational plays that led their teams to a win. Alex Gordon a former gold glove award winner who
is always diving for impossible fly balls didn't fail to make several catches. Mike Moustakas playing
the hot corner managed to snatch every single shot that was hit towards

Major League Baseball
Professional sports are a competition between the greatest athletes in the world. And when I go to a
game, that's exactly what I expect to see. Sports are entertainment. There is no room for purity and
respecting the limits that athletes had in the past. Modern athletes should utilize all the resources
that they have available to them. This includes steroids, which enhance an athlete's performance.
After all, performance is what really matters. The sport that has gotten the most attention on the
subject of steroids is Major League Baseball. Due to the suspected prevalence of them from the late
80's up until the present day, the so–called baseball purists now question all the records and
achievements ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Making an argument for it would also concede that steroids are worse form sports than segregation
was. The sanctity of Major League Baseball was lost long before Barry Bonds took his first
performance enhancing drug. Since when do team owners care so much about the long–term health
of their players? By the time they finish playing out their careers, some can barely walk or lift their
arms above their heads due to the rigorous demands of their employer. Players are expected to play
hurt or they will be categorized as "soft," and "soft" players do not get the same respect from their
team's owners. If a player wishes to put something into his body, it is his choice. After all,
"Professional baseball players are competent adults who are capable of processing the risk of
ingesting steroids." (Peterson 2). The recent death of former baseball player and admitted steroid
user Ken Caminiti raised many eyebrows. But Ken Caminiti was also a known cocaine and alcohol
addict, among other things. His death was more attributed to that rather than his use of steroids
during his playing career. If an athlete is willing to do everything in his power to help his team
succeed, then he should not be ashamed of that. The choices made by the participants should be
exactly that, their choices. The acceptance of risk is strictly up to the user and should not be forced
upon them by a higher authority. Professional sports should be looked at for what they are, a
money–making

Reflective Essay: Minor League Baseball
During the winter semester of 2015, I took leave from Oakland Community College to follow a
dream – umpiring baseball. I started umpiring when I was 13, and immediately fell in love. The
indescribable feeling that comes from a baseball slicing through the air as it catches the outside
corner on a balmy August day is beyond anything imaginable.
At age 18, I made the decision to go to the Harry Wendelstedt Umpire School, a fully accredited
vocational school that sends select honor graduates to Minor League Baseball. I lost sixty pounds in
four months, and saved up every penny to pay the $4,500 bill.
When the school concluded, they took their top 28 students of 142 in attendance to showcase for
Minor League Baseball. I was #30 on the list.
I

Women In Major League Baseball
Major League Baseball is a baseball league exclusively for men, but there is a lack of diversity
inside a lot of the baseball team organizations there is a lack of women in the front offices. The
Chicago Cubs has never had a woman as vice president but they do have woman, Laura Ricketts, as
a co–owner of the team. The Cubs haven't won a world series in a very long time and I feel for them
to become a contender, they must start by reassembling their front office staff. I personally been
around a lot of women that had strong knowledge in sports especially baseball. The organization
should look for women that have a strong knowledge in managing accounts because a lot of
problems with organizations is managing their salary caps, which could be ... Show more content on
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The organization can also consider getting a woman head trainer that is African American or Asian
because there are no woman head trainers of color in the MLB. In order for the organization to
succeed they need to be different from the norm and with them strengthen their organization with
more women, it would put them in the position to make history along with getting more people to
support the organization and be apart of the team. I always noticed that a lot of women are good at
organizing and designing whether it is an office or business, so I feel that if the organization was to
hire more women in the front office they would be able to help organize the business part of the
organization along with the faculties and to attract more people to the Wrigley Field especially the
ones that are not too fun of

Baseball: The Role Of Jackie Robinson In Major League...
Jackie Robinson was the first Black to play in the "Major Leagues" and he was the one to break the
color barrier and was the perfect person to do so. First, Jackie Robinson was a very good baseball
player. This was perfect because 1 they couldn't use any random person to be on their team because
if they are bad at baseball the person would get a lot more hate then if they were good. Secondly,
that was their main goal, to find someone (a black person) who is good at baseball, so they could
show that black people are good at baseball/sports and should be given a chance. "The scouts told
Mr. Rickey that during his season with the Negro League team the Kansas City Monarchs, Jackie
Robinson played shortstop. He hit .387, perfected his skill at stealing

Personal Narrative: Major League Baseball
As the crowd boos, you hear the New York Yankee commentator say "coming up to bat after a long
year of suspension it's the third basemen for the New York Yankees, Alex Rodriguez". I grew up in
awe watching great Yankee third basemen Alex Rodriguez. I remember playing baseball and trying
to do everything he did, like how he chewed his gum, and how he wore his baseball socks. I would
also imitate his batting stance as played. But all of a sudden the player I once looked up to tested
positive for steroids.
During my freshmen year, I made the varsity baseball team at my high school. I was anxious for the
upcoming baseball season to start because that meant I not only get to watch baseball but, it was
also time for Major League Baseball. As I was

Essay on Integration in Major League Baseball
When asked to describe a baseball the first word generally voiced is white, and before April 15,
1947 that is exactly what the game of baseball was, white. "There is no law against Negroes playing
with white teams, or whites with colored clubs, but neither has invited the other for the obvious
reason they prefer to draw their talent from their own ranks" ('42'). These were the feelings of
people living in 1947, that blacks and whites were not meant to play baseball together. Then, why
decades earlier, had there been an African American in the league? In 1887, an African American
Pitcher, George Stovey, was expected to pitch a game with Chicago, however, the first baseman,
Cap Anson, would not play as long as Stovey was on the field. Other ... Show more content on
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Through all this Robinson still showed to be the team's most valuable player, securing not only his
future, but other African American players like Larry Doby.
Larry Doby was the second African American player in the mlb and the first in the American
League. Doby was signed, "with the Cleveland Indians in 1947" (Editors), the same year as Jackie
Robinson. Like Robinson, "Doby was excluded from many segregated hotels and restaurants
frequented by teammates, received numerous death threats" (Editors). Doby faced the same
circumstances as Jackie Robinson, but Robinson already had so much publicity that Doby was
mostly overlooked at the time.
Jackie Robinson and Larry Doby were very determined to stick with the game they loved and to
make a change. Thanks to their performance both on and off the ball field, "other owners began to
seek talented black players, and by 1952, there were 150 black players in organized baseball"
(Branch). Their "actions had repercussions far beyond the sports world" (Jim). The integration of
baseball was an enormous smack in the face to all of segregation. Many racial barriers quickly
tumbled down with the integration of baseball; restaurants, hotels, and stores removed their "white
only" signs bringing blacks and whites together. Robinson and Doby could not have won the battle
against segregation on their own, the press helped to make their struggle to be known throughout the
country.
Newspapers contained the latest stories and updates from

The Effect of Steriods in Major League Baseball Essay
Baseball is known as America's pastime and is one of the most popular, respected sports on earth.
Since the beginning of the sport, it seemingly advances with technology every year making faster
and stronger players. The use of steroids became rampant and spread among players and has carried
them away from the true history of the game they play. Controversy still today runs around the sport
today about fines, punishments and record breaking. The past two decades of Major League
Baseball have been tainted because of the use of performance enhancing drugs, also known as
steroids, causing the loss of many fans and the true meaning of America's favorite sport.
In the early 80's many professional players began to discover steroids, but Major ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
A suspension from an entire season and thousands of dollars of fine were issued and that seemed
light with talks of being banned from baseball floating between the two parties. Major League
Baseball took the right direction in the situation making an example of this group of players and
especially Rodriguez (Quinn, Fish, and Gomez). This no tolerance policy could hopefully put a stop
to the use of steroid in this great sport and get the game back to its original form.
One of the most controversial subjects in Major League Baseball is that of hall of fame voting.
Players who have tested positive should not be eligible for the hall of fame ballot. This is a great
honor for players who are truly great and play the game the right way. The hall of fame has no room
for players who try to gain unfair advantages through performance enhancing drugs. One of the
greatest players of all time, Pete Rose, was denied from the Baseball Hall of Fame do betting on his
games. This shows how seriously the voters take being inducted. Players who have tested positive
for steroids should be banned from the hall of fame, which is what Major League Baseball is
moving toward. Another issue is players who have broken records and tested positive for steroids
during the period they broke the record. "Although increased speed and arm strength have also been
linked to the use of steroids, home run statistics have glaringly

The Professional Sports League Baseball
Ryan Mahn
Professor Matheson
Economics of Sports
October 27, 2014
Moneyball
Compared to most other professional sports leagues in the United States, there is a lot of financial
disparity between small market and large market teams in Major League Baseball. Moneyball: The
Art of Winning an Unfair Game is a novel about how an unlikely general manager, Billy Beane,
used unconventional statistical analysis to enable the Oakland Athletics to outplay much wealthier
teams in the league. The problem faced by Beane and the Athletics was competing against large–
market teams that were able to afford the services of the "best players" in the league. Through the
use of sabermetrics, Beane and his staff found a solution to overcome their limited budget ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Baseball is a true "team sport".
Sabermetrics, the statistical method applied by Bean and his acquaintance Paul DePodesta deviated
from these overused and overvalued measures, and focused on team players, not volatile superstars
(Moneyball). Sabermetrics revolved around the analysis of undervalued statistics–primarily on–base
percentage, the number of times a player swings at the first pitch, and the average number of pitches
per at–bat a player sees (Moneyball). With this tactic, Billy Beane and the Oakland Athletics were
able to win many more games than they would have if they were constrained by overvalued players.
Beane was able to use this ingenious method of statistical analysis to discern the unique talents of
undervalued players that did not meet the statistical criteria of big market teams. With a very
specifically assembled team, whereby some players were even forced to switch positions, the
Oakland Athletics had seemed to overcome the odds.
A prime example of the potential success of sabermetrics was seen in a player named Scott
Hatteberg. Hatteberg spent most of his career lingering around the Boston Red Sox organization as a
catcher–both in the minor leagues and in the major leagues (Moneyball). Hatteberg was seen as a
very average catcher and hitter throughout the big leagues. He did his job well enough, however he
did not stand out in popular statistical categories such as homeruns and RBIs. Unacknowledged by
the Red Sox, however,

Steroids in Major League Baseball
Steroids in Major League Baseball Anabolic steroids have been abused by Major League Baseball
players for years, it's time to forever ban the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs before they ruin
America's past time. Why should athletes be able to cheat when teammates or rivals are competing
with honest effort? Every year records are broken and new heights are achieved, the game of
baseball is very simple yet very humble, and to deceive the game you love, forever will you be
punished. Let me inform you with the origin in which PEDs were first used and where they came
from, regulation, and a possible solution. Testosterone use goes back as far as 1889. Pud Galvin, a
pitcher for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys used a testosterone hormone ... Show more content on
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Between 1998 and 2009 ten players would join the 500 club. The game was making an uprising, but
was it truthful? Obviously not much changed from before and after illegalization of steroid use. Of
those ten players between 98' and 09' six players were Performance–enhancing drug related.
Baseball is not the game everyone remembers a century ago or even half a century, with honest
players playing for the love of the game, not cutting corners and taking undeserved achievements. In
1990 Congress passed the Anabolic Steroids Control Act, but didn't say how the offenders would be
caught. "The next year MLB Commissioner Fay Vincent made it clear in a memo that this was very
much relevant to baseball."(Rymer) The memo read as follows: "The possession, sale or use of any
illegal drug or controlled substance by Major League players and personnel is strictly prohibited.
Major League players or personnel involved in the possession, sale or use of any illegal drug or
controlled substance are subject to discipline by the Commissioner and risk permanent expulsion
from the game... This prohibition applies to all illegal drugs and controlled substances, including
steroids or prescription drugs for which the individual in possession of the drug does not have a
prescription."(ESPN) Every player who

Is Punishment A Major League Baseball?
To what extent has punishment in Major League Baseball since the Chicago Black Sox scandal in
the 1919 World Series?
Extended Essay in History
Word count: 3073
Richard Moseley
Moseley
Abstract To what extent has punishment in Major League Baseball since the Chicago Black Sox
scandal in the 1919 World Series? This investigation was done through numerous baseball reference
websites, with ESPN being the primary source for the more current scandals such as Biogenesis.
This investigation will assess how punishment in Major League Baseball has evolved since the
World Series gambling scandal of 1919. This investigation will explore major cheating and
gambling scandals in the history of Major League Baseball with a majority of the focus on the
World Series scandal of 1919, the BALCO scandal, The Pete Rose scandal, and the Biogenesis
scandal, and Major League Baseball's response to each of the scandals. Major League Baseball has
adopted a zero tolerance policy for gambling since the 1919 World Series, and the drug policy has
four levels, starting with a fifty game suspension for the first offense, and eventually leading to a
lifetime ban from Major League baseball. The adoption of strict punishments speak volumes of the
administration of Major League Baseball, and their dedication to keeping the sport enjoyable for
athletes and spectators, as well as protecting the integrity of the game as a whole.
Word Count: 195
Table of Contents
Introduction

Social Media In Major League Baseball
Social media has taken the world by storm for the last couple of years and because of that a lot of
major league sport teams have needed to revise or make up a brand new social media policy for their
players to adhere to. Many major league players, no matter the sport, love using social media to
primarily interact with their fans and with social media growing, having stricter policies on the
professional players are needed in order to have control of some of the things that are being said on
social media. In March of 2012, the Major League Baseball (MLB) association constructed a new
social media policy, which consisted of two different policies, one for the major league players and
another one for minor league players. For this paper alone, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Displaying or transmitting Content via Social Media that reasonably could be construed as an
official public communication of any MLB Entity without obtaining proper authorization. 2. Using
an MLB Entity's logo, mark, or written, photographic, video or audio property without obtaining
proper authorization. 3. Linking to the website of any MLB Entity on any Social Media outlet
without obtaining proper authorization. 4. Displaying or transmitting Content that contains
confidential or proprietary information of any MLB Entity or its employees or agents, including, for
example, financial information, medical information, strategic information, etc. 5. Displaying or
transmitting Content that reasonably could be construed as condoning the use of any substance
prohibited by Major League Baseball's Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment Program. 6. Displaying
or transmitting Content that questions the impartiality of or otherwise denigrates a Major League
umpire. 7. Displaying or transmitting Content that is derogatory or insensitive to individuals based
on race, color, ancestry, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, age, disability, or religion, including,
but not limited to, slurs, jokes, stereotypes or other inappropriate remarks. 8. Displaying or
transmitting Content that constitutes harassment of an individual or group of individuals, or
threatens or advocates the use of violence against an individual or group of individuals. 9.
Displaying or transmitting Content that contains obscene or sexually explicit language, images, or
acts. 10. Displaying or transmitting Content that violates applicable local, state or federal law or
regulations. (Social Media

The Advantages Of Major League Baseball Salary Cap
There are five major sports leagues in the United States; Major League Baseball, Major League
Soccer, the National Basketball Association (which has what is known as a "soft salary cap), the
National Football League, and the National Hockey League. Of these five, only baseball lacks what
is known as a salary cap. A salary cap is the upper limit of the combined salaries for a team's
players. In the other four sports I mentioned, having to work within the boundaries of a salary cap is
a balancing act, to gain an advantage at one position requires you to be at a disadvantage at another
position. For example, to have a top tier quarterback in the NFL like Tom Brady or Aaron Rodgers
and the large salary they command, a team might lack the funds to sign a top tier linebacker or
cornerback. With Major League Baseball lacking a salary cap, this balancing act vanishes and teams
could sign anyone and everyone they wished. This causes a competitive imbalance that is hurting
the sport. Too often we see the same teams making the playoffs and winning championships like the
San ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Teams with large payrolls routinely win at a higher rate than teams who cannot afford to spend the
massive amounts of money other teams do. For example, in the last fifteen years the New York
Yankees and Los Angeles Dodgers, two teams which regularly are among the highest spending
teams in baseball, won on average 94.7 and 86.8 games respectively. By comparison, the San Diego
Padres and the Kansas City Royals, two teams who are not able to compete financially with teams
with deeper pockets, won an average of 77.1 and 71.6 games respectively in that same time span
(Major League Baseball). This disparity in season wins is a direct cause of Major League Baseball's
lack of a salary cap. Over the course of a 162 game season, teams with higher payrolls, and
therefore better talent on their roster, will prevail more often than

Essay on The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball
The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball
He walked into his hotel bathroom and cautiously closed the door. Clanging his 60 lb. dumbbell
against the floor, he set his travel bag full of needles on the counter. While filling his syringe with
THG, he began to think about the consequences of his actions; it is a serious problem, but he doesn't
have the willpower to give up the success rewarded from it. As the needle slowly penetrated through
the skin and half way through his muscle, he unloaded the syringe and felt the steroids settle
throughout his leg. He took a deep breath as he removed the needle, letting the last bit of steroids
squirt out of the syringe. Mentally blocking the pain, he began curling his dumbbell to pump the ...
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When the steroid scandal heightened and the talk of drug testing began, it is apparent that Giambi
got scared and stopped his steroid problem. When Giambi reported to spring training this year, he
came in with a sunken in face and weighed 20 pounds less, which is an occurrence that happens
when an athlete discontinues his steroid cycle.
Steroids are becoming a huge problem in Major League Baseball. Records in the past, such as the
single season home run record, were set by people who were truly amazing athletes and achieved
their record from hard work and dedication. From 1966 through 1994, two players hit at least 50 or
more home runs. Since 1995, 18 players have reached 50. Roger Maris' single–season record of 61
home runs stood for 27 years and has been surpassed six times since 1998. Morals in baseball have
been lost; whatever happened to achieving greatness with the talents God had given them? Now
players are chemically making themselves stronger so that they can make record books, and they are
ruining their bodies as well as the competition to do it. Players now have to start "juicin' up" just to
contend with the competition. The NBA, NFL, NCAA, and Olympics all ban steroids, and it is
coming to the day where baseball needs too as well (Caminiti).
Well, what are steroids? Where did they come from? And how do they make someone so much

Major League Baseball Salary
Major League Baseball Salary
1/C Morris, 2/C Morris and 2/C Turner
Major League Baseball players average just over four million a year making it the second highest
paying sport. Players determine win–loss records which drives ticket sales which creates revenue
and so on. This is why player salaries is one of the most critical aspects of running a MLB team.
These salaries are negotiated using statistics such as batting average, on base percentage, hits and
more. When negotiations are not working, an arbitration process is used which is unique to the
MLB.
Within Major League Baseball there are two trade deadlines. The first is July 31 (or August 1 for
leap years) and the second is August 31. Before the July deadline, teams face no penalties or
additional fees in trading. However, after July 31 and before August 31 trades can take place with
waivers and additional fees. While this discourages trades after the July 31 deadline, if a player is
truly desired by a team, especially in the upcoming postseason, no barrier will prevent a team from
acquiring that player. After the world series free agents are free to move from team to team. For
roughly five days teams will try and negotiate a new contract with their expiring players. Most of
the time this works but if a contract cannot be reached salary arbitration is used. Both the player and
the team will present a proposal salary to the arbitrators who then select the proposal they believe to
be the fairest. Arbitration is rare

Metal Bats in Major League Baseball
Metal Bats in Major League Baseball Since the inception of the first Major League Baseball (MLB)
game, played on May 4, 1871, bats made of wood have been the tradition in baseball. The creation
of metal bats occurred in the 1920s, but not actually used in play until 1970 when they were
introduced into Little League youth baseball. Even though all levels of players from children to
professionals seemed to prefer the new metal bats, MLB prohibited their use. Safety, skill level of
the players, cost, level of entertainment provided, and tradition are all arguments used in the
controversy between whether Major League Baseball should allow metal bats or continue using
wooden ones. The safety of the players is the biggest concern in all ... Show more content on
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In 2010, a man sued the New York Mets after being hit in the face by a broken bat leaving him with
multiple fractures (White). Because of the many injuries occurring from broken bats, MLB has
made an effort to make bats safer for everyone. Specific regulations created for bats used in today's
games have led to a steady drop in the number of broken bats (Roberts). As of 2013, the rate has
lowered to an average of 0.46 bats broken per game (White). The skill level needed to successfully
hit off the different materials remains another argument between metal versus wood bats. Metal bats
have been proven to require less skill to hit with because of their weight difference and the size of
their "sweet spots" compared to wooden bats. With most metal bats being made of aluminum, they
weigh in much lighter than bats made of solid wood. It is much easier for players to swing the
aluminum bats due to that fact ("Baseball: Wooden Bats Vs. Metal Bats"). The lighter weight allows
players to swing faster, which helps put more force on the ball, resulting in the ball flying farther
and much faster. In a test comparing wood bats to multiple types of metal bats, balls batted off wood
bats obtained an average speed of 98.6 mph, while balls hit with the different types of metal bats
obtained speeds between 100.3 mph and 106.5 mph (Russell). These results show that the lighter
weight of the metal bats, helps drive the ball faster and farther and is not necessarily

Negro League Baseball Research Paper
Negro League Baseball
When the topic of baseball comes up in a conversation, what do you think of? The field, a bat, the
ball, or amazing plays, crucial games, and game winning performances. What about American
history? Does World War II come to mind; most likely not. According to an article called "Food for
Thought: Baseball and American History," John P. Rossi quotes Jacques Barzun saying, "Whoever
wants to know the heart and mind of America had better learn baseball." Negro League Baseball can
be used to shed light on the historical experience of African American's in the United States.
The first record of baseball in the United States began in Pittsfield, Massachusetts in 1791. Its
popularity spread quickly through the town and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though most of the committee members were from the North, many of them shared the same
beliefs as the South. They believed that the African American was inferior and not meant to play
baseball in the presence of white men. As the NABBP slowly faded away, another association took a
strong hold over the game. The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was formed
in1871.The NAPBBP took over with flying colors and was geared for a more professional type
league. With the color line still in place the NAPBBP never had a written rule against African
Americas players. Instead, the association enlisted a "gentleman's agreement" that barred African
Americans from playing in this league and its eventual successor, the National League. Even though
baseball was unchanged about African American participation, they were slowly being accepted in
society. The fifteenth amendment of the constitution was put into effect just a year before the
formation of the NAPBBP. This was extremely critical for African Americans at the time because
this meant that they would now have the right to vote. The amendment was designed to prohibit
discrimination against voters on the basis of race or previous condition of servitude. Prior to this, the
states had had full responsibility for determining voter qualifications. As baseball grew, so did the
African American ambitions to play against other white teams. Moses "Fleetwood" Walker,

Rule Changes In Major League Baseball
Major League Baseball is an organization steeped in tradition and custom. Nothing short of an
Executive Order is necessary to alter the rules that govern the sport. While that may be a slight
exaggeration, the foundation of the game has remained largely unchanged on the professional level
for decades. That said, a recent change in the rules has stirred a bit of controversy among managers,
players and fans.
As is often the case with rule alterations, the change seemed to stem from a play in Game 2 of the
National League Division Series between the Los Angeles Dodgers and New York Mets last season.
Dodgers second baseman Chase Utley aggressively slid into second base in an attempt to break up a
double play. In doing so, Utley slid to the outfield side of second base and collided with Mets
shortstop Ruben Tejada. The collision ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Purists argue that a hard slide is simply part of the game, while more progressive baseball minds
point to player safety. A similar rule change occurred in 2014 after San Francisco Giants catcher
Buster Posey was lost for the 2011 season following a collision at home plate with Scott Cousins,
formerly of the Florida Marlins. The rule served to protect catchers from the often violent home
plate collisions. The Posey play, much like the one involving Tejada, was well within the rules at the
time it occurred.
The new "Chase Utley rule" was put to the test on two separate occasions early in this 2016 season.
On April 5, in the ninth inning of a game against the Tampa Bay Rays, Toronto Blue Jays outfielder
Jose Bautista was called out while trying to break up a double play. On the play, Bautista was
initially ruled safe. However, after replay review, the call was changed to a game–ending double
play. Similarly, a game between the Houston Astros and Milwaukee Brewers on April 8 ended when
Astros outfielder Colby Rasmus was called for interference while attempting to break up a double

A Research On Major League Baseball
According to Thomas Wilson, "sociology of sport findings present [that]... the higher one's social
class, the more likely one is to be involved in sports. Studies have repeatedly shown that indicators
of social class are positive predictors of sport involvement in the general" (2002). However, not
much research has been done to look at the relationship between cultural and economic capital
provided to a fledging athlete by their hometown and the pattern of success it will present to them in
their later life. For my project, I will focus on Major League Baseball due to its accessibility of raw,
open source data online. The hypothesis is that socio–economic inequality not only presents unequal
opportunities for economic improvement for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And what we've found is that kids in cities are now much less likely to participate in sports than kids
in suburbs" ("Next Level," 2011).
Joshua Kjerluf Dubrow and Jimi Adams conducted a study on NBA players in which they coded the
player's childhood income status from old news clippings. They found that an African–American
child from low–income family had a 37% lower chance of making an NBA roster than an African–
American child from a middle or upper–income family. A white child from a low–income family is
75 percent less likely to become an NBA player than middle–class or upper–income whites (2010).
Dubrow and Adams state that "the intersection of race, class, and family structure background
presents unequal pathways into the league" (2010). NBA players tend to come from hometowns
with median populations of around 110,000 people and are 59% white. Around 34% of black
athletes in the NBA come from a household earning no more than 150% of the poverty line.
Interestingly enough, 0% of white NBA players come from single parent homes (Dubrow and
Adams 2010).
In order to observe the effect of socio–economic differences from childhood on the opportunity in
which to play in the MLB, and then to win a World Series title, I will use each player's median
hometown income and population, averaged out over 18 years and calibrated today's dollars. To
answer the first part of

Racial Segregation In Major League Baseball
Sports are watched by people as a way of removing themselves out of society's problems or even
politics. This hasn't always been the case in society, especially with baseball fans early in the sport it
was segregated, they had white leagues and Negro leagues which were widely accepted in society
during that time. Ever since the color barrier was broken the newly formed major league baseball
has tried to create racial unity and allow people of color to gain interest in the game of baseball offer
an olive branch for the past transgressions. The best way of analyzing race and ethnicity is to look at
the history of the game itself, then the Negro and what actually justified these leagues then looking
at programs that help minorities who want to

The Federal League Of Baseball

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