Ivan Iv ( 1530-1584 )

Ivan Iv ( 1530-1584 )
Ivan IV (1530–1584) was proclaimed Grand Prince of Moscow in 1533 and from 1547 until his
death, the first to be crowned Tsar of Russia. During his reign, Ivan established autocracy, expanded
Russia's territory, and centralized its government. Ivan The Terrible earned his name through his
unstable personality, containing bloodlust, paranoia and violent outbursts that would ultimately hurt
his own country. On his deathbed, the Grand Prince of Moscow, Vasily III, told his wife, Princess
Elena Glinskaya, that his first son, Ivan IV, would inherit the throne after he dies and she would
serve as regent until he came of age, since he was three at the time. After his father's burial, Ivan IV
"was proclaimed the true Sovereign of all Russia" (Payne and Romanoff 24). After a successful five
year reign, Elena died surprisingly from either a heart attack or poison. Vasily Shuisky took the
regency and showed no sympathy to Ivan. He threw his mother's lover, Ivan Obolensky, into prison
and ordered his nurse, Agrafena Cheliadnina, into a nunnery. The feuding boyar families of Belsky
and Shuisky battled over power while Ivan was left neglected and served only to be a figurehead to
whomever was in control of the Regency. On December 29, 1943, the current Regent, Andrey
Shuisky, was arrested on the orders of Ivan. Instead of following the regular course of events that
were supposed to happen after an arrest in Kremlin Palace, Ivan ordered that his prisoner's fate
should be decided by the
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Essay on Princess Dashkova
Cassidy
To Squeeze a Lemon Dry: How Princess Dashkova's Memoir Reveals Common Themes Among
Russia's History Princess Ekaterina Dashkova was an intelligent, impressive woman who, at 18
years old (an age when many modern teenagers are still living at home with their parents), helped to
stage a coup d' etat for Catherine Alexeyvna, who was destined to become Catherine the Great.1
Ekaterina was actually called Catherine the Little2, because both women held the same saint
namesake and both were considered intelligent and instrumental in the change of the government
from Peter III to Catherine the Great. Princess Ekaterina Dashkova's memoir addresses power
struggles, gender inequality, and the disparities between different ethnicities in a ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the freedom Russian women had were enjoyed by only the upper class nobles; peasant serf
women were still stuck as housewives and laborers for the man of the house. Most very elite and
high status positions were exclusive to men in 18th century Russia, such as Charge d'Affaires or
military commander.8 Two examples of extreme discrimination stand out in Dashkova's memoir.
The first is when the Grand Duke, who will inherit the tsardom, openly admits to his acquaintances
that he favors Dashkova's sister as a lover and wife and will promptly dispose of Catherine when he
rises in power. The second is when Dashkova expresses (almost demands) to Catherine the Great
that she wants to be appointed colonel of the imperial guards, which Catherine refuses because the
station is exclusive to males. This eventually leads to their fallout, which ends in Dashkova being
sent abroad by Catherine until their differences could be smoothed over. Dashkova also
reveals many power struggles throughout her memoir. A passage that rings true is when the Grand
Duke/Peter III pulls Dashkova from a crowd after

Changes And Continuities And Changes In Russia From 1480
Russian princes, having gained back their territory from the Mongols, consolidated their power and
restored the Russian state in 1462 under Ivan the Great. The underlying cultural aspects that existed
in Russia from 1480–1800 like the Eastern Orthodox Church and the westernization of the boyars
certainly helped Russia advance as a world power. The political constants in Russia, such as the serf
and boyar control as well as expansion, also helped Russia to approach countries in the West in
terms of influence. In 1480, Ivan the Great successfully liberated Moscow and land stretching from
Poland and Lithuania to the Ural Mountains. Culturally, Russia was at a deficit and some Russians
had adopted Mongol customs and social habits to reduce their payment of taxes to the ... Show more
Peter the Great ruled 1689 and 1725 continuing many cultural aspects of Russia, but making
changes and further advancing the state. Peter traveled to Western Europe incognito to westernize
Russia further and brought back hundreds of artisans from Europe and educated himself in Western
science and technology. An example of a change in culture to westernize by Peter was the abolition
of the whip giving practice. In upper–class marriages it was customary for the father of the bride to
give the groom a whip, symbolizing the control of men over women. This change in Russian
illustrates how drastic a change was necessary for Russia to westernize and it is likely many people
were not accepting of this change as it had been engrained in Russian culture for hundreds of years.
Another cultural change was the requirement that all boyars cut of their beards, pigtails, and long
sleeves that were Mongol–style and had been adopted by the boyars. This conformity emphasizes
the need for Russia to change by westernization in order to gain the respect of the West. The
bureaucracy was provided a higher level of

Rasputin: The Man, The Mystery Essay
Introduction
Grigory Yefimovich Rasputin is known as the Siberian Mystic Healer, whose life has been retold
numerous of times and almost each time it is told it is retold in a different way. Since Rasputin lived
in a civilization not that advanced, little is know of his first forty years of life. So most information
on the man are normally from stories families have passed on. Some say he is a holy monk with
great powers, on the other hand he may be known as a phony with a false connection to God.
The Beginning
Rasputin was born between 1864 and 1865 in his own home of Pokrovskoe. It is now known as
Tiumen' Oblast. It is located in Siberia on the Toura River. This was a small city located near the
Ural Mountains. At the center of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After this trip he had a rapidly growing group of disciples and acquaintances in the upper class, and
he was known as a man of God.
The City of St. Petersburg
Rasputin arrived in St. Petersburg at a time when church leaders were really vulnerable. They
wanted people with religious influence, and who had power over the people. Rasputin was both an
ordinary peasant – simple, forceful, and direct – while at the same time he possessed the power to
astonish people with his healing powers and his insight into the future. People in the city had
different views on the man. One was that he was a very holy man who possessed great powers. The
other is that he was just a cynical, and that he used religion to mask his drive for sex, money, and
power.
Sex Life
Rasputin had a very active sex life. He was reported to hold orgies in the basement of his house at
the same time he lived with his wife around 1900. Later, after Rasputin had a rise to fame he
attracted a large crowd of female followers. Many of the pictures of Rasputin are with him
surrounded by women. There are reports of Rasputin raping women. These reports are untrue
because Rasputin really didn't have to rape the to get them into bed. All of these activities did not
conflict with Rasputin's religious beliefs. He did not particularly care for the orthodox religion. He
was a member of the Khlisti sect. Followers of the Khlisti sect believed that all of the desires of the
man should be fulfilled, and man of its

Tsarism Research Paper
The most significant reason that Tsarism failed in 1917 was its failure to modernise in the centuries
before. The Tsars ruled the largest empire on earth, with the same medieval muscovite ideas that
Ivan 'the terrible' had brought in during the 16th century. The early rulers of Muscovy considered the
entire Russian territory their collective property. Various semi–independent princes still claimed
specific territories, but Ivan III forced the lesser princes to acknowledge the grand prince of
Muscovy and his descendants as unquestioned rulers with control over military, judicial, and foreign
affairs. Gradually, the Muscovite ruler emerged as a powerful, autocratic ruler, a tsar. By assuming
that title, the Muscovite prince underscored that he was a major ruler or emperor on a par with the
emperor of the Byzantine Empire or the Mongol khan. In the coronation oath of Tsar Nicholas, the
Tsar's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The autocracy remained as it had been for thousands of years. The collapse of the Romanov dynasty
came from this inability to deal with modernisation and change. The regime itself had become static
despite any attempts to bring Tsarism into the modern era. This meant that it was in the very nature
of Tsarism the reason for its downfall, leading to an inevitable collapse. It was a fatally flawed
dictatorship from the reign of Ivan III because of its inflexibility and inability to cope with change.
It was from this crucial part of its nature that dissatisfaction with the regime grew from which was
instrumental with bring about the downfall. Dissatisfaction was the reason many Russian
intelligentsias became revolutionaries. The regime had reached an impasse, it was not in its nature to
reform and modernise, but that was what was needed for its survival. When to this was added an
erosion of moral standing, Rasputin, the first world war, and Nicholas himself as ruler, the collapse
was

Literary Analysis Of Finist The Falcon By Robert Chandler
``Finist the Falcon is another story translated from Alexander Afanasiev work by Robert Chandler. It
begins with three sisters, the older ones who put too much value in things especially clothing, and
the youngest named Mary, who is humble, and loves helping her father around the house. She
eventually acquires a magically feather that she uses to call a Tsar to her bed at night, who comes in
the form of a falcon, and to dress her up like a princess on Sunday for church, where no one
recognizes her in fancy clothing. The older sister become suspicious and jealous of her behavior,
and attack the tsar while he is in falcon form. The tsar can no longer return to her house, so she
travels to his kingdom. On the way, she meets three Baba Yaga, who gives her magical trinkets, and
send her on her way. Using the trinkets, she convinces the princess to let her see the tsar, but the
princess used sleeping potions, so Mary could only talk to his sleeping body. The tsar eventual
remember the dreams, and marries Mary instead of the princess, due to her fortitude, and the
princess's contentious nature. All the basic fairytale needs are met, full spectrum of good and evil,
characters relatable to emotion, thoughts, and people, and morals. Many of the Russian fairytale
elements are there also. The common plot of quest, which Mary takes to find her Tsar. Many of the
common characters such as the humble daughter, a person who can turn into a bird, and the
infamous Baba Yaga. The major moral

Ivan The Terrible Book
IVAN THE TERRIBLE Book: Ivan The Terrible by Chelsea House The reign of Grand Duke Vasili
III in medieval Russia was the beginning of a complete turn–around for Moscow. Moscow got better
and better until it became the most powerful city of medieval Russia, and Russia as a whole was
under the overall rule of Moscow. Soon, when Vasili III died, he left the big role of ruling all of
Russia and Moscow to his older son, Ivan or Ivan The Terrible. Until Ivan could rule, Yelena, his
mother, ruled instead, until her death due to an attempted overthrow of noble families. Still, Ivan
was too young to rule, so the boyars of Russia took his place instead. Two families among the
boyars competed for power and Moscow became a place full of crime. Eventually, ... Show more
During this time, Ivan gathered some people to form what he named the Chosen Council and way
that he treated this council was unusually kinder and tame. During his good years, Ivan brought over
teachers and skilled people to make Russia more modern. However, due to outside enemies, most
of the people sent, didn't make it to Russia. Ivan started to improve the state that Russia was and
began by removing some bad governors. However, once he replaced the governors of the people
with much more powerful judiciaries often used cruel and unusual punishment for crimes. Ivan's
desperate attempts to make the average Russian's life better lasted for two years until he started to
focus on the rights of the Orthodox Church and its relationship with Ivan. Ivan gave the church more
responsibilities with new rules. Next, he changed the rules on people's taxes. Also, communities in
Russia the still had governors, were allowed to elect people to watch over their governor's actions.
Ivan also made moves to improve Russia's military. Lastly, the most influential man a part of the
Chosen Council, Zemsky Sobor, made Ivan free every part of Russia that was threatened by Tatar
invasion. All of these acts were to try to modernize Russia but also showed how determined Ivan
was to take away all power of the boyars, and completely rid of their political

Effects Of Mongolian Westernization
Chapter 18 Winter Break Assignment
1. Timeline
2. How did the Mongol occupation affect Russian civilization?
The Mongols didn't affect the base of Russian culture because they left local administration to
locals. As the economy evolved to more emphasis on agriculture and peasant labor, the focus on
literacy declined.
3. What was the nature of Russian expansion under Ivan III and Ivan IV?
The reign of the Ivan III resulted in the formation of a new political structure that featured a
centralized government and became tsar of Russia. The Russian economy flourished during the time
of the Ivans due to the lots of new trade routes. During Ivan IV's time, many Russian nobles were
killed so that the throne could be kept for him.
4. What was the impact of Westernization under Peter I?
Peter I had a large impact on Russian westernization in many different aspects. For example, the
Russian army became a force in European power politics and was modernized along Western lines.
Peter I educated himself on concepts of construction and city planning from Manchester that he was
able to hire an army of men to help create Petersburg. Peter I introduced and enforced new social
etiquettes, dress codes, and grooming practices to help to blend with modern European culture. Peter
I imported new technologies through his life and visited several different countries to hire craftsmen
to come to Russia for shipbuilding. Peter built Russia's first navy.
5. What was the extent of Westernization

Essay The Effectiveness of Wittes Economic Reform in Russia
The Effectiveness of Wittes Economic Reform in Russia
When Sergei Witte became minister of finance in Russia in 1892 he recognised that the economy
had to be modernised if Russia was to become a world power on a par with the west.
The Industrial Revolution that had taken place in the west had led to its massive economic growth
and an increase in power and Empire building. Being able to buy cheap, raw materials like oil and
coal from Russia fuelled part of the west's industrial revolution.
Witte decided that Russia needed state Capitalism to modernise. He borrowed capital and
encouraged investment from the west and large factories began to produce heavy industry like steel.
Witte imposed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wittes economic policy seemed to be working as by 1897 the Russian currency, the Rouble, was put
on the Gold Standard which gave it value in exchange with other currencies. But there were other
problems that were beginning to undermine Wittes visions for a successful economy. Although a
brilliant mind, Witte was not an easy man to get on with and he was not popular with the Tsarist
court or the government. Change was resisted and Witte had no support for his vision of a richer,
more powerful, modernised Russia.
There was also conflict with the military commanders who pushed their needs for transport and
military hardware to the top of the economic agenda. These conflicts interfered with Wittes plans
and so by the time of the Great Trade Recession at the turn of the century, critics could identify three
major weaknesses in his economic reform. Witte paid
To drive his economic reform through without support or interest from the Tsarist court or the
government Witte (who was German) brought in many experienced foreign industrialist and capital
from the west to manage and finance his projects. This was not at all popular with the Tsar or Russia
who did not trust him. Wittes industrial projects were always large and on a grand scale. He failed to
nurture light engineering projects which would have helped to modernise

Why Was Russia Difficult to Govern?
Why was Russia difficult to govern?
There are many reasons why Russia was difficult to govern, such as the size and diversity of the
country and many differences in opinions contributed to the resentment of the government which in
turn made the country very difficult to govern.
One reason Russia was difficult to govern was because of the size and diversity of it. As the country
was so large, and covered almost 23 million square kilometres in 1900, this made it very difficult to
govern as it made it difficult for the Tsar to have complete control of a place that was more than 20
square kilometres away. The empire stretched across two continents which meant that millions of
the emperor's subjects had to travel very far to get the other side ... Show more content on
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They also did other jobs such as protected the Tsar' family and intercepted mail to make sure it was
safe. Undercover agents were placed everywhere to protect the Tsar. The Orthodox Church was
another way the government tried to improve the resentment within the country. The Orthodox
Church was a major influence over the Russian people so the government turned it into a
government department in the 1900's to get more power and was run by a lay official appointed by
the Tsar. Making the Orthodox Church a government department meant that the opinions within the
church were expressed in favour of the Tsar and so the church in fact played a big role in the
Russification of the empire as the government caused it to be this way. However this made Russia
even more difficult to govern as people thought the priests were 'no better than the peasants around
him, he was paid by the state and was inferior to the middle and upper classes.' He was seen as 'a
government agent and a hypocritical tool of the possessing classes.' This made Russia difficult to
govern as no one paid an interest in what the church had to say any more. The Okhrana tried to stop
this opposition towards the government and the church but were very inefficient and did nothing to
stop the assassination of

Essay about Russia Change over Time
With many new factors making the world globalized and as steps were taken toward modernization
in the 1700s, the world underwent many changes, however still keeping some of its initial traditions.
From 1700–1900 in Eastern Europe, the economy had switched from agricultural to manufacturing
due to the growth of factories and industry in the 1800s and serfdom was abolished, however the
tsars still remained the center of authority. In 1700, the world was becoming globalized as the New
World was brought into the world economy. Most nations were ruled by absolute monarchies with
divine right. This was true in Eastern Europe, where the tsars of Russia had complete control.
Society had a rigid social structure based on serfdom and there was ... Show more content on
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The economy of Eastern Europe in 1700 was based on that of agriculture and products such as
wheat and barley because serfdom was still thriving in Russia. The serfs were the labor force and
basis of the feudalistic type society until the reign of Alexander II. However, while other nations
were becoming modern, the Russia economy was backwards compared to the rest of the world due
to the fact that is was based on a form of slavery. But when industrialization occurred in Russia in
the 1860s the economy had gradually switched to that manufactured good as factory and industry
increased. The railroads from industrialization allowed for easy trade across vast and mountainous
territory and also increased global trade with nations in the West as Russia could trade their various
natural resources for a profit. However, by 1900 Russian's economy was collapsing as they were still
not industrializing a quick as the West and agricultural technology was not as up to date. In 1700 in
Eastern Europe, the Russia tsar Peter the Great was the head figure in the government, and this
continued up until Russia's last tsar Nicholas II. In the 1700s, the tsars of Russia practiced
absolutism, claiming divine right and having complete authority over their subjects. However, by
the 1850s after the embarrassing losses in the Crimean War, due to the fact that Russia was far
behind the West in technology, opposition against the tsar began to grow. In the 1860s, when

Nicholas Romanov II Research Paper
Nicholas Romanov II was born on the 18 May 1868 and came into reign in 1894 becoming Tsar of
Russia, continuing the Romanov rule since 1613. His coronation celebrations saw huge crowds
lining the streets (as seen in source 1). As in the past all Tsars were believed to be chosen by god to
rule and Tsar Nicholas II was no exception, the people of Russia saw him as their 'Little Father'.
During his first years of Tsar, Russia was ranked among the world's greatest powers; it was a time of
peace and prosperity.
Though succeeding his father in 1894 at the age of 26, he had few of the skills needed, was under–
prepared and inexperienced in politics in other words he was politically naц╞ve. As said by
Kerensky, the leader of the government that took ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alexandra had also reassured Nicholas to turn to Rasputin, a Serbian mystic to heal his son, Alexei
who had inherited Haemophilia B. his success in healing their son saw Rasputin gain increasing
influence over the Empress and therefor the Tsar.
As an autocrat Nicholas II expected unquestioning loyalty and obedience from the Russian people,
loyalty which was gained through the Russian Orthodox Church. The church taught and encouraged
the Russian people to love and respect their Tsar by promoting 'The Divine Right of Kings', meaning
that the Tsar was appointed by god to rule and he therefor had absolute power. His absolute power
also came from fear, as his secret police, the Okhrana would act viciously to anyone who opposed
the Tsar.
It was in the 1900s when the Tsars rule came into question. At that point in time Russia was at the
edge of catastrophe, as the harvests had failed and there was an economic depression, this saw the
peasants and workers resorting to riots, protests and strikes. The end of the monarchy was ultimately
brought down by the Tsars incompetence and mediocre

Russi A Great And Catherine The Great
Russia has seen its fair share of autocratic monarchs as well, such as Peter the Great and Catherine
the Great. Peter first ascended the throne as co–czar with his half–brother Ivan V in the death of
their brother Feodore. Their elder sister, Sophia, was the most capable to take the throne. But being
a girl, she was unable to do so and could only rule as regent for the two princes turned czars. While
Sophia ruled, Peter spent his days building forts on the banks of a river outside of Moscow. He
played war games using them, recruiting in boys and arming them with real guns. The games were
dangerous; 24 boys were once killed in a single game. But the games eventually paid off, and Peter
had himself two self–trained armies that he used to overthrow Sophia and rule the throne himself.
The regent was forced into an enclosed convent, living as a nun for the rest of her days (Russia,
Land of Tsars: Time of Troubles).
Life in Russia had changed very little since the Middle Ages. Russia had not experienced a
Renaissance and was quite 'backwards' in terms of lifestyle compared to Western Europe. Peter
wanted to change all that. He viewed the church as an impediment to progress in Russia, wanting to
break their restraining bonds of complex customs and modernize Russia (Russia, Land of Tsars:
Time of Troubles). It's time to constrain the authority not proper to the old man [i.e., the patriarch];
God willing, it is for me to reform the laity and the clergy, for them I am both master and

How Did Alexander II Reform Russia
Alexander II, was a good hearted, unselfish leader who wanted even the poor peasants and serfs of
Russia to have a grand life. Tsar Alexander II freed serfs, with a sign of his name on the
Emancipation Manifesto. Further, he expanded the railroad system which created a boost in the
economic life in a hitherto predominantly feudal agricultural society (Mosse); this helped Russia
establish and gain more territory. The great Russian tsar, an innovator; during his reign, which began
in 1855 he abolished serfdom, expanded the rail system, reformed the aged judicial system, and
liberated Bulgaria. Tsar Alexander II of Russia assassinated (Mosse) in St. Petersburg in 1881.
Alexander II ,the eldest son of Emperor Nicholas. Knowing that he would ... Show more content on
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Petersburg on 1881. Further, he was killed by the underground terrorist organization that called
themselves the People's Will. People's Will was a revolutionary political organization that was
responsible for a series of assassinations. They tried seven times to kill Alexander II, but failed all,
except one. One attempt, a member of the group somehow weaseled his way into a job at the
Alexander II house as a stoker. Having this inside eye made it easy to smuggle dynamite into the
Palace. So, on February 1880, this man placed the explosives under the dining table and set a timer
to detonate the dynamite at the right time. More, the explosives went off just as planned, but
Alexander II was not in the room at the time. On March 1, 1881, the People's Will attempted again
to kill Alexander II and this time the mission was successful. Alexander II was following his usual
routine of driving along the Catherine Canal in a carriage. A man threw a bomb under the carriage,
but the emperor emerged unscathed. Another bomb was thrown and after the smoked disappeared a
terrifying, brute scene was the only thing left to look at. Throughout the snow you could glance at
debris, clothing, blood, body parts, pieces of wood, and

Tsar And People Chapter Summary
Tsar and People overviews the history of Russia from the Muscovite Tsardom to the end of Imperial
Russia in 1917. The book moves through the history of Russia while covering a large unspoken
topic, Russian myths. The state of Russia was considered a Christian nation for sponsoring
Orthodoxy as their religion from their existence. Holy Russia was part of the Russian national
myth. The myths in Russia surrounded the state, tsar, and Orthodoxy. Michael Cherniavsky comes
from a Russian born family. He was born in China and raised in Manchuria, Russia. He went to the
United States in 1939 and began studying Russian history at the University of California at
Berkeley. Cherniavsky obtained his PhD at Berkeley and became an instructor of history at
Wesleyan. He also was a research assistant at Princeton. Cherniavsky finished his career in
academia at the University of Pittsburgh as Professor of History in 1972. He died in late 1973. The
author wrote the book as an extension to his article Holy Russia: A study in the History of an Idea,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Michael Cherniavsky presents the information in the chapter that shows the entirety of the myth. For
example, in chapter three, The Sovereign Emperor, Cherniavsky discusses Peter's accomplishments
with Sweden and the establishment of the Holy Synod. Peter's actions created the emperor status in
the tsar. The evidence that is presented in the book embodies the existence of the myth. The counter
evidence to Cherniavsky's evidence is the denial of the myth. The Sovereign Emperor title comes
after Peter. The emperor was handed the position by God himself, and the emperor did not answer to
no person. The Russian people did not question the title as a myth, for it was an extension from
Christianity. Cherniavsky directly handles the counter evidence by presenting how Orthodox was
used to advance the position of the emperor instead for the advancement of the

Ivan The Terrible Research Paper
Although some leaders have believed in peace, many more have felt like it was important to use
excessive force to control their citizens. Several leaders that have a part to play in the history of
Russia are Ivan IV Vasilyevich (the Terrible) Grigori Rasputin, and Joseph Stalin.
Ivan the Terrible (he was rightly named) was the first Tsar of Russia and enjoyed listening to
symphonies of screams while inhaling the scent of burning flesh and drying blood. The people
living around Ivan's palace were the ones that were most in harm's way. He would impale them and
burn them at the stake, all in front of his own son whom he later killed in an episode of rage.
Between five hundred and one thousand people would be executed every day. After his first wife
died, he became prone to mental illness, so it is possible that this is why he would torture his
citizens to death. (Biography.com, Ivan the Terrible) Ivan was not the only Tsar of Russia. Another
Tsar many centuries later would be the last one Russia would ever have and he would be misled by a
mystic named Rasputin.
Rasputin was a man who lived in sin. He believed that by doing so, one would obtain pardon by the
almighty. He would drink, party through the night, and sleep with ... Show more content on
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Rasputin saw it necessary to keep the people under control and still keep the trust of the royal
family. If he did not accomplish this, he would be thrown out or killed (which happened anyway).
He most likely saw the people of Russia as a threat to his chance at getting his ideas onto the throne
and keeping his place as the man behind the curtain (he was also known as Uma Monakh, the
Mad Monk). He told the Tsar how to keep the people under control although his methods weren't
always the best. He thought he was helping Russia and the Tsar, but he had the exact opposite

Czar Nicholas II Research Paper
Czar Nicholas II was the last tsar to rule Russia, before ending the 450 year span of the monarchy.
During the tsar's ruling they had always been disliked by Russia's citizens, however Tsar Nicholas
II faced a situation no other tsar had faced. Tsars had ruled during unpopular wars, but never a war
as bloody as World War I. (Waldron). When czar Nicholas II decided to lead their country into war
one of the biggest issues was transporting supplies to the troops and the rest of the country.
Therefore, Russia was suffering extreme famine and began to face several defeats under the
leadership of czar Nicholas II.
When Joseph Stalin was a young adult he decided to become an active member in the Bolsheviks.
An organization started by Vladimir

How Did Tsar Alexander II Build Russia In 1905
Russia has a very colorful history that consisted of many revolutions and rulers. Tsar Alexander II
Romanov died in 1881. Tsar Alexander II had a son named Alexander III.Tsar Alexander II freed the
serfs in 1862. The serfs were the farmers that had to pay harsh taxes.When he died in 1881
Alexander III was tsar. As tsar, Alexander III believed in using the Okhrana to put many citizens in
prison. The Okhrana was the Tsar's secret police. Tsar Alexander III married a Danish princess and
had six children, of which Nicholas II was the oldest. Nicholas II was the tsar of Russia, when he
was twenty six years old. His father died from kidney disease. Tsar Nicholas was trained by his
father, Alexander III. Alexander III was ashamed of Nicholas II, ... Show more content on
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Tsar Nicholas II approved the Great Army Program. The army grew by five–hundred thousand men
and eleven thousand eight hundred officers. This time Russia had the largest army. Russia's man
power was estimated to be twenty five million men in combat. In the year 1914, the prime minister
of Russia was Sergei Witte. Witte joined forces with Rasputin in convincing the Tsar not to enter the
war. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria–Hungary was recently assassinated, which was one of the
reasons World War I began. Tsar Nicholas took the advice and joined the Triple Entente, which
consisted of Great Britain and France. In the beginning of the first World War, Russia commanded to
invade East Prussia. At the time east Germany was known as Prussia.Many of Russia's soldiers died
from wounds, because Russia had only one surgeon for every ten thousand soldiers. Many soldiers
in Russia's army were not experienced, and not trained to fight in this battle,resulting in many
deaths. Russia entered World War I in the year 1914. Russia entered as an ally. Russia was not
prepared to be faced with the war. Millions of Russians had already died in previous battles, and
there was more to

The Regime Of The 1905 Revolution
It is evident that Nicholas II was mainly to blame for the 1905, due to his lack of response to the
growing discontent amongst the Russian people. Although it could be argued that the actions of
previous Tsars were the cause of this discontent, and this was certainly influential, Nicholas ' failure
to act upon his people 's requests was ultimately the cause of the revolution.
The repressive Tsarist system in place in 1905 was arguably one of the most significant factors in
the 1905 revolution, as much of the discontent in Russia was due to anger at Nicholas ' autocratic
Tsarist government. It could be argued that the repressive Tsarist system was not the fault of
Nicholas II, but instead a problem that had been in existence for decades before his reign began. For
example, Nicholas ' predecessor Alexander III was also committed to the preservation of the
autocracy, and arguably took steps towards repression, through Russification and censorship, in
addition to the introduction of the Okhrana. Therefore, it could be argued that Nicholas was not to
blame for the repressive Tsarist system or its consequences, due to the fact that it had been in
existence before his reign began.
However, as Nicholas did little to stop the government being so repressive, it could be argued that
he was still to blame. Despite widespread calls for reform from individuals such as Father Gapon,
these requests were not acted upon, so in some ways Nicholas II can be held to account for the

Tsarist Autocracy Essay
The Russian Empire was a vast state that ruled over many different nationalities. All people in
Russia had to face a highly authoritarian regime, the Tsarist Autocracy. The most crucial of the
defining features of the Tsarist Autocracy was the fact that the ruler, the Tsar, had an absolute power
which was said to be derived from God and knew no constitutional limits. This had very deep
political and legal implications: decrees of the Tsar were considered laws, and with such authority
there was no need for any political system. Below the Tsar existed his government and a vast
bureaucracy which was administering the state affairs. Lack of control and accountability generated
high corruption in the public life of Imperial Russia. Another characteristic of the regime was the
absence of political freedoms and civil rights, censorship and strong repression of opposition with a
strong role of the secret police which in turn made Russia a police state.
Russia's social structure was based on the ranks dividing the people into 4 main social classes. The
nobility formed the ruling elite who shaped the basis of the autocracy of the Tsar and enjoyed
extensive privileges such as being excluded from paying taxes.
Below the ruling nobility were those nobles who worked as government officials and were
dependant on a salary. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It included those working in the clerical capacity as government officials at central and provincial
level but also merchants and entrepreneurs, as well as the Russian 'intelligentsia', those who were
learned. They were under–privileged in a society where 90–95% of the population were still
illiterate in 1850. They worked as doctors, experts, teachers and lawyers. They became increasingly
critical of the regime, namely its restrictions of free speech and press, and its emphasis on birth and
wealth. Later on many of them joined revolutionary groups that plotted to overthrow the

Ivan The Terrible Essay
Ivan the 5th, who is also heavily known as Ivan the Terrible was the first Tsar to rule over Russia.
Ivan the Terrible, was known for his violent and ruthless outbreaks. He was feared greatly and this
led to the fleeing of Prince Krubsky. Prince Krubsky was the leading general of the Tsar when he
fled and deserted his lead for the Polish– Lithuanian forces in Livonia. Prince Krubsky who was
also a member of the select council, did not want to adopt the dislike of Ivan the Terrible. He
became afraid after him and Ivan partook in polemics with one another. Kurbsky argued that Ivan
the Terrible's approach to absolutism was not the best idea for governing Russia. He even deemed
Ivan's ruling unholy. He then goes on to blame the Tsar for the majority of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Many feared Ivan, and the stance that Kurbsky took was a very brave one. Kurbsky describes the
Tsar's actions as those that cannot be found even in the most godless people. Kurbsky states in his
address to the Tsar What evil and persecution have I not suffered from you! What ills and
misfortunes have you not brought upon me! And what iniquitous tissues of lies have you not woven
against me! But I cannot now recount the various misfortunes at your hands which have beset me
owing to their multitude and since I am still filled with the grief of my soul. Many state that
Kurbsky's address to Ivan the Terrible was the expression of all the Russian people that only he had
the courage to express. Many say that the Tsar's actions unfit and that it fails to represent Russia in
all of its holiness. Ivan the terrible was deemed an extremely intelligent man. He started to become
more enforceful and terrible after his wife Anastasia died. Although he re–married six times after
her death, the six wives were said to never compare to Anastasia, and this filled Ivan with

Essay about Tsar's Survival of the 1905 Revolution
Tsar's Survival of the 1905 Revolution
In 1905 tsarism suffered a dreadful battering, Tsar Nicolas III had to cope with opposition from all
sides. The workers and the army were unhappy with their working conditions; they wanted
minimum wage and more rights. The peasants wanted more land and the liberals wanted a better
political system that was more democratic and gave them more say in how the country was run. He
had to contend with numerous strikes, uprisings, assassinations and mutinies. It is surprising,
therefore than the Tsar managed to remain in his throne throughout 1905.
Lack of co–ordination of his opponents played a large part in ensuring the survival of Tsar during
the 1905 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Tsars guards open fired on the marchers, killing around 200 people, including women and
children. This tragic event is often thought of as the catalyst that started the Revolution; it damaged
the parental image of the Tsar and evoked a wave of protest.
Russia was not united in her attempt to change the government, the peasants, workers liberals,
soldiers, studentsц╒Б┌╛бі did not work together to co–ordinate their agitation on the Tsar. The
groups all had different motives and aims; the workers and soldiers wanted better working
conditions while the peasants were only focused on gaining more land, had no comprehension of the
world of politics and thus did not care about the running of the country. In contrast the educated
liberal bourgeois understood that the current system was failing Russia. They could see how Russia
lagged behind the rest of the world politically, economically and technologically; it was the liberals
who made the monarchy feel uneasy.
In Source 2, Trotsky says that 'the liberals backed away from the revolution exactly at the moment
when it became clear that to shake tsarism would not be enough, it must be overthrown.' Had the
liberals remained consistent in their demand for change and united together with the workers then
perhaps they would have succeeded in

What Is Russia Unfair And Strict Rule
Ever since the beginning, Russia was ruled by a central authority. This authority was known as the
Tsar. Russia was a very large country and that made it difficult for everyone to thrive. Leaders did
not care for most of the country, only for high ranking government officials. The position of Tsar
was usually given to the first son of the current leader, it varied because some Tsar did not have
children. Unfair and strict rule of the Tsar was strongly hated by many of the citizens of Russia.
People of Russia were not equal with each other and a majority of them were very poor and could
not afford food. Economy was struggling due to the lack of true leadership, and citizens were treated
harshly and change was bound to happen. Lenin and Stalin

The Romanov's Revolutionary Attempt At Modernizing Russia
Russian Revolution We no longer have a Tsar. Today a river of blood divides him from the Russian
people. It is time for the Russian workers to begin the struggle for the people's freedom without him.
For today I give you my blessing. Tomorrow I shall be with you. Today I am busy working for our
cause. Russian Priest, Father Georgy Gapon, conveys his thoughts in a letter read at the meeting of
liberals, after the tragic petition of Bloody Sunday. The Romanov's dynasty attempt at modernizing
Russia led to the cause of their usurping. The changes they applied during their reigns resulted in
protests and uprisings of the peasants. The emancipation edict of 1891 created a great number of
unemployed civilians; as population was increasing during ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Threatened by the event Bloody Sunday, Tsar Nicholas II faced the choice of military dictatorship or
granting a new constitution. In the end, he determined to write a new constitution called the October
Manifesto. Issued and signed by the Tsar, he promised to guarantee civil liberties as his last venture
to continue his family's history of unlimited autocracy. When the document was signed, it rested the
anger most Russian civilians had for their Tsar. Although, the public was not pleased when it came
to their attention that the Duma could not initiate legislation and Tsar would continuously dissolve
the Dumas when they opposed him. One can see the contrast between the Tsar's doing and his
peoples needs, even after protests. In conclusion, the indifference brought upon the monarchy's
abdication and advanced in the outcome of the Bolshevik

Ivan The Terrible Research Paper
Drink. Anger. Sorrow. Drink. An endless cycle of the first Tsar of Russia, often all at once. A sick
and twisted beginning, torturing animals, raping women, and drinking himself to death, the Grand
Prince of Russia started here to end in almost the exact same place he started. Ivan the Terrible was
true to his name, the first dictator of Russia was a cruel part of history that is never to be forgotten.
Born in the Rurik Dynasty, Ivan's father was Vasili III who died when he was only a toddler. His
mother, Elena Glinskaya, took his father's place on the throne. Many had questioned her authority to
rule, she was poisoned 5 years later when he was 8. Since then he had a deep–rooted paranoia
towards the Boyars, a noble rank beneath prince, convinced that they had something to do with it.
Left to the care of them he was often molested and neglected. Ivan, the Grand Prince of Russia, had
to beg for food and clothes inside his own palace. Abuse, both verbal and physical, was common for
the Prince. Unable to take his anger out on those who defiled him, he took to torturing small
animals. . . . he tore feathers off birds, pierced their eyes and slit open their bodies. This gruesome
pastime only grew ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He created the Oprichniki. He personally selected men, most of the criminal background, to swear
an oath to him, to do as he asked. The mere sight of the Oprichniki instilled fear: they dressed in
black and rode black horses. Breaking into churches while people worshipped, and abduct or
murder the priest on the spot. Ivan had found himself to the abbot, or a friar, and the Oprichniki his
monks. Performing sacrilegious masses that would be followed by extended orgies of sex, rape,
and torture. Ivan also had peasant women strip from their clothes so that the Oprichniki could have
target practice. Together, he and his monks ruled the Moscovian country in terror but he,
Committed far worse crimes than

Peter The Great: His Life And World
Massie, Robert. Peter the Great: His Life and World. New York. Random House Trade Paperbacks.
1980.
Mark Schmidt
HIST 141
Dr. Szymczak
3/3/17
Book Review for Peter the Great: His Life and World Peter the Great: His Life and World was
written by Robert K. Massie. Massie studied modern European history at Oxford and American
history at Yale University and was obviously fascinated with the rulers of Imperial Russia, as shown
by his writing of multiple of their biographies. The book covers the rules of multiple tsars and goes
into detail about the decisions, arguments, problems, and successes of each individual ruler.
Beginning with Alexis and ending with Peter I, Massie documents the reign of each successive tsar.
Of course, this encompasses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it is neither the oldest nor worst. In fact, it is among the best. The year after it was
published, Peter the Great: His Life and World won the Pulitzer Prize in 1981. While this book goes
more into the reasons for Peter's reforms and the events leading up to them, more recent titles in the
field of Peter's reign discuss the reforms in detail as opposed to the events that inspired them.
Finally, the reviews of this book by esteemed literary and historic critics are in accordance with my
view– meaning I believed the book was well deserving of the honor of a Pulitzer

Compare And Contrast Ivan The Terrible And Peter The Great
Peter the Great and Ivan the Terrible are both well know Russian Tsars. Both Russian rulers killed
many of their own people but Peter the Great was a much better ruler because the second half of
Ivan's reign was characterized by political instability and atrocities committed by Ivan's personal
guard the Oprichnina while Peter continued to better the Russian state.
The first half of Ivan's reign was positive for the Russian people. Ivan reformed Muscovy's legal
system and administrative structure as well as reforming the army. That army he then used to
conquer more land for the Russian state, notably the Khanate of Kazan. Ivan's undoing was the
death of his first wife Anastasia. She stabilized his mind in the early part of his reign so after ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He spent much of his childhood in the German district of the capital. There he became fascinated
with the west. As an adult he toured Western Europe in an attempt to learn the latest advances in
ship building as well as to campaign for a crusade against the Ottoman Empire. When he returned he
continued to Westernize Russia . Some of his reforms are looked on by contemporary's as overly
fanatical for example he implemented a beard tax and forced social events to be mixed genders. ! He
was the Master of bureaucracy. Peter I completely restructured the government on western models.
He established a Privy Council staffed with his closest friends as well as organizing the senate in to
different colleges. He secularized the government thus taking power away from the Russian
Orthodox church. Peter also reorganized the army and defeated the Swedish empire in The Great
Northern War. He then erected a new capital in the lands he gained and named it for his likeness
Saint Petersburg. This city became an important trading hub because it had a warm water port and
Russia could now trade overseas with the rest of Europe all year round. His wife Catherine
succeeded him on his death in

How Did Peter The Great Rule Russia
Peter the Great who was born to, Tsar Alexis and his second wife Natalya Naryshkina, on June 9,
1672, was the Tsar of Russia. Peter, along with his half–brother Ivan, were to rule Russia from 1682
to their death. Due to Ivans feeblemind and Peter's young age, Ivan's older sister Sophia, took charge
of the throne as regent.
Before ascending as Tsar of Russia, in early 1989 Peter was married to Eudoxia. Their marriage was
to demonstrate that Peter was now a man and had the right to rule Russia himself not his regent
Sophia. Peter and Eudoxia had one son Tsarevich Alexei, but in 1698 Peter sent his wife to a
convent where she was forced to become a nun, while his son was sentenced to death due to
traitorous actions against his own father.
After a failed coup of power from Sophia in 1689, by using the revolt of an armed force(streltsy)
backfired, Peter took back by force his rightful title. Peter alongside his brother ruled from 1689 to
1696, but after Ivans death, Peter ruled by himself from 1696 to 1725. Although Peter's rule of
Russia was about of 36 years, 7 of those years being with Ivan, he was able to accomplish very
much. In the summer of 1698, Peter was able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was also involved in the Turkish war from 1710 to 1713, this war was fought during the middle
of the Northern War. Both wars were successful for Peter, since the terms for peace given by the
turkish were very easy to come to terms with, and Peter was able to state the terms for the peace
treaty made with Sweden to end the Northern War. Peter made an alliance with Prussia to help him
by giving him fifty five tall men to Prussia's army in return Peter received an Amber Room. The flag
that was used in Russia after 1701 is a white, yellow, and black striped flag with a black double
headed eagle with a red square in the center showing him holding a shite shield stabbing the dragon
St. George

Peter The Great Influence On Russia
Any recorded biography or evaluation of an significant figure such as a ruler, will always be biased
based on the author, who feels that the person contributed greatly to their country or stagnated the
growth of their country through their wars, policies and their desire for power. One of the greatest
debates of Russian history is concerned with Peter The Great's rule as tsar. Many people feel tsar
Peter greatly benefited Russia through his economic policies regarding governmental businesses
handed over to private businesses, his expansion of trade through infrastructure projects and greatly
improving Russia's military through better weapons, better organization of soldiers and a stronger
and advanced Navy. Others felt that Peter greatly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Peter the Great demanded that all his boyars shave their beards and his governmental officials to
wear western clothing. Peter the Great even created a tax to be paid for man who has a beard and
wishes to enter in the capital. In a way, Peter's desire for westernization and growth of Russia caused
him to make his rule absolute. Only through absolutism and regulations could Peter the Great
successfully grow and modernize Russia. Therefore, any rebellion would be terminated
immediately. I feel that westernization would prove to be a loss for the Russian people because they
had to find ways to hold on the traditions that defined their identity as the Russian people. His
policies led to a widening cultural gap between a small westernized elite and the rest of the
population. (Moss pg.

Kangxi And Peter The Great Similarities
Comparing and Contrasting Two Monarchs
In the late 17th century to the early 18th century, two powerful monarchs who ruled over their own
magnificent empires. These monarchs were Peter the Great, the tsar of Russia, and the emperor of
China, Kangxi. At the time of their rules, an economic system called mercantilism formed. This
system allowed societies to benefit off of influx of goods from merchants trading. Using this system,
in China, the Canton system was formed to open up ports to western societies. Even though, both
Kangxi and Peter the Great shared similarities in the way they ruled, they had a variety of
differences, which were caused by their background and their country's interests. On the other hand,
the diverse backgrounds and experiences of the empires caused them to also have differences in
their ways of ruling. These differences could be categorized into two overarching topics, economy
and education. Their economies had varied taxation systems and were structured differently. As far
as education, the rulers differed in the ways they spread knowledge and the type of knowledge they
taught. Comparing these two rulers can produce some similarities shown in the economic systems
backed by the time period in which they ruled. For instance, in Russia, Peter the Great relied on the
economic system of mercantilism to spur economic growth within his empire. He achieved this by
increasing exports like silk. (Massie, 938) Similarly, Kangxi created the Canton system which

The Identity Of Imperial Russia In The 19th Century
19th Century Russia Imperial Russia as an autocracy infers that the tsar and the imperial body is
who determines what Russia's identity is. The 19th century began under the leadership of Tsar Paul
followed by his successors. Each of them had different visions of what Russia would become. The
Russian people also had their own idea of what the Russian path was to be. Opposition and rebellion
would occur throughout the century eventually leading to a revolution. Russia during the 19th
century witnessed many historical events with varying causes; however, most can be viewed as an
attempt to discover the identity of what Russia was in respect to the rest of the world. Alexander I
looked to take a different approach to the identity of Russia. He ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The shift began with the Decembrist and the effect they had on Nicholas. Moss explained, At the
very beginning of his reign, he perceived the Decembrist revolt as reflecting Western ideas and his
crushing of it as a manifestation of loyalty to Russian ways (Moss, 356). The actions of the
Decembrist contributed to his official philosophy which was an attempt to answer the question of,
who is Russia? Nicholas I's Russian Path can be explained in three terms, orthodoxy, autocracy,
and nationalism. Nicholas implemented his official philosophy within the household, schools,
churches and various aspects of Russian life. He split the education system into different levels
based on your loyalty to the imperial system. He opposed radical religions and promoted orthodoxy
as the true religion of Russia. For the household, he developed the imperial imagery which was
displaying how a Russian family should be. Tsar Nicholas was shown as the perfect father figure of
Russia. Nicholas's domestic policies altered Russian society. Nicholas's discontent with western
ideas and influence on society were not favored by much of Russian society.
Nicholas's foreign affairs were also connected to his official philosophy. After the war with
Napoleon, Russia had become the constitutional monarch of Poland. After an attempted
assassination of Grand Duke Constantine, Nicholas alters the constitutional monarchy in

Chapter 18 Romanov Dynasty
Review Guide– Chapter 18:
Timeline–
1533–1584: Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)
1604–1613: Time of Troubles
1613–1917: Romanov dynasty
1689–1725: Peter the Great
1703: Founding of St. Petersburg
1762–1796: Catherine the Great
1773–1775: Pugachev revolt
Vocabulary–
1. Third Rome
Third Rome was created by Ivan and his advisors by Russia succeeding Byzantium. This implied in
terms of grandeur and expansionist potential. Ivan then called himself a tsar.
2. Tsar
Tsars' are the autocrats of all the Russians. Tsar was meant to resemble or sound like Caesar. An
example of a tsar would be Ivan IV.
3. Cossacks
Cossacks were peasant adventures. These adventures were Russian pioneers, that combined
agriculture with military feats on horseback. The cossack spirit provided volunteers ... Show more
That was led to because Ivan IV died without a heir. The Swedish and Polish attacks on Russian
territory was also a key factor in the time of troubles.
5. Romanov Dynasty
The Romanov Dynasty was a family that ruled Russia until 1917. Many Romanov leaders were
weak and fights with nobles occurred. The first Romanov was Michael.
6. Old Believers
Old Believers were protesting religious conservatives. They were moved to Siberia or Southern
Russia. They maintained their religion there and extended Russian colonization.

7. Pugachev Rebellion
The Pugachev rebellion was a powerful peasant uprising. It was led by Emelian Pugachev and it
ended up butchering himself. Catherine the Great used the rebellion as an excuse to extend powers
of the central government.
8. Partition of Poland
The partition of Poland was when Russia was able to win an agreement with Austria and Prussia.
These three partitions were in 1772, 1793, and 1795. The partitions removed Poland as an
independent state.
9. Novgorod
Novgorod was a trading city in Russia. It was the original capital of the Rus people until 882.
Novgorod was a part of Kievan Rus.

Peter I ( The Great ) Became Tsar Of Russia
Peter I (the Great) became Tsar of Russia in 1682 and instituted many comprehensive reforms
designed to modernize and develop Russia during his reign. In The Revolution of Peter the Great,
James Cracraft's portrays the Tsar as an ambitious and pivotal leader that sought to create a modern
and powerful nation that could compete with other European Powers. Peter planned to reform
Russian government by establishing new bureaucratic, civil, and educational institutions within the
state. Peter also promoted reforms for Russian traditions, society, and the church. Cracraft contends
that following the defeat by Swedish forces at the Battle of Narva in 1700, Peter understood the
necessity for the creation of a Russian navy and the modernization of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Cracraft describes the naval creation as the Petrine Naval Revolution (48). Cracraft rightful insists
the navy bought Peter and then Russia, into Europe and the modern world (53). The Anglo–
Russian trade transformed St. Petersburg into the largest and most important port for commerce.
Russian foreign trade increased fifteen–fold from Peter's era until the end of the eighteenth century
(47). Russia assured her future by the continual operations of the fleet, and establishment of the St.
Petersburg Naval Academy (48). The academy was the first higher technical education center in
Russia.
The founding of the Academy represented the Tsar's dedication to improve the absence of an
educational system in Russia. For Peter, this was an essential first step. Peter forced his views and
opinions regarding education on society as a way to develop a new attitude towards education. He
severed tradition by the compulsory education of children of the nobility and government officials.
Peter also sent students abroad with specific instructions concerning their educational process in
order to fulfill the demands of the emerging Russian system and structure. Peter's secularization of
the church and the schools that religion managed gave him direct control of how the church
functioned, and was a method of change to ensure certain characteristics of its educational system
adhere to his reforms.
Peter altered legislation and released the patriarchal

The First World War and the February Revolution of 1917 Essay
The First World War became the Tsars worst nightmare. Russia joined the war in many ways to keep
peoples minds of Russia's backwardness and badly run government, and onto the war effort itself.
But within the first year of the war people's minds began to wander away from troop moral and
toward the Tsar and his control.
From the go Russia was mobilized and war ready faster than the Germans and themselves expected,
they was only expecting a short war. Russia had no extended war plans of ammo, food, clothing and
equipment and extremely bad organisation led to many un–necessary deaths and illnesses. They
naively thought that 7 million shells would last the whole war, but in 1916 that was just enough for
10 days. In 1914 only 41 rifles were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are stories of units needing to borrow clothes from neighbouring units when the Tsar came to
inspect them.
The vast majority of Russia's attacks in Germany were failures; even some of the highest–ranking
Generals saw the war as complete chaos. The Army reserves consisted of little or untrained peasants
or farm hands who had no idea about being a soldier. The weather was also an unforgettable factor
as soldiers had to face freezing winters, and developed sicknesses in the masses such as Typhoid and
Cholera.
Many of the Russian armies soldiers began to loose faith in the government; many of them deserted
and returned home sometimes by murdering their officers to obtain their freedom.
It was on the 22nd of August 1915 that the Tsar Nicholas the 2nd took control as head of the army
and dismissed his uncle The Grand Duke Nicholai as the previous head. This meant hat the Tsar
would be away from St Petersburg, which left the Tsarina and Rasputin in charge. This was mistakes
for the Tsar as it made people see Russia's army as weak and left numerous accusations of Rasputin
and the Tsarina having a relationship.
Transport was taken over by the armies needs, and food and resources often failed to reach its
destination due to the badly organised and incomplete parts of the transport system. An increase of
refugees into the cities, that made city life worse, as many of the cities had a large distance from
food producing regions, this led to mass

How Did Czar Nicholas II Change The Life Of Russia
Czar Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna of the Romanov family ruled from when he was
crowned in 1896, to their forced abdication in 1917. Russia's economy was outmoded and relied on
independent peasants that did not use modern machinery. Their farming season was limited because
of their natural cold climate. The political condition of Russia was that everyone was annoyed with
the autocratic system, it had no representation in government and the Tsar was out of touch with the
people's demands. Nicholas and his family were executed since Nicholas was overthrown due to his
poor handling of Russia. The Bolsheviks took control over Russia and abolished the government he
had created. Vladimir Lenin, leader of Bolsheviks, ordered a death sentence ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Riots were commencing in St. Petersburg and Nicholas's subjects were in an uproar. Russia was
exposed to severe poverty and prices of goods skyrocketed. The Duma formed their own temporary
committee and send soldiers to control all the riots. This left Nicholas with no choice but to
surrender the throne. On March 15, 1917, Nicholas abdicated the throne and his family was
transported to the Ural Mountains and put under house arrest. They were later transferred to
Yekaterinburg Palace because of counter revolutionary forces movement the Yekaterinburg forces
worried the Romanov family would be rescued. A death sentence was placed on the family after the
Bolsheviks commenced a secret meeting and on July 16, 1917, the Romanov family and their
servants were gunned down by a firing squad in the palace's basement. In the late 1970's,
archeologists found the grave of the murdered family, but two bodies were missing. There has been
rumors of Anastasia and Alexei surviving the execution, saying that the family jewels on their
clothing ricochet the bullets and they escaped. Many people tried to claim they were Anastasia and
Alexei, but DNA tests proved them wrong and the mystery remained unsolved. But in 2007, another
grave was found near the first one, containing two bodies. After DNA tests, the mystery was solved
and the bodies of Anastasia and Alexei were

Tsar Nicholas I: Orthodoxy, Autocracy And Nationality
The slogan of Tsar Nicholas I was: Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality (Official Nationality),
suggesting that he views government as something with should be tied to Russian tradition with no
room for progressivism.This slogan also suggests that he believes Orthodox Christianity and the
Russian Orthodox Church should be protected and a remain a central tenet of Russian ideology, as
well as believing that there should be a strong national spirit – both of which would influence faith
in the Monarch and the ruling dynasty.
In 1848, there were several revolutions occurring in Europe (France, Italy, Germany, Austrian
Empire), which intended to overthrow the ruling monarchies and install republican governments.
During 1949, Tsar Nicholas I sent in Russian troops to aid the Habsburgs in repressing uprisings and
ensuring that power remained in the hands of the Habsburg dynasty.
The Crimean War was significant as it showed that the Russian army, and by extension Russian
power, was weak. This conflict revealed the discrepancy in industrialization between ... Show more
He pardoned the Decembrist rebels, abolished corporal punishment, instituted trial by jury, relaxed
censorship, chartered new industries, commissioned a railway to the Black Sea, and liberated
Russia's serfs by signing the Emancipation Manifest in 1861 as he believed that a modern, industrial
society could not run on slavery and that it was vital to protecting Russian autocracy as he believed
that if the serfs are not emancipated, they would revolt and free themselves. Most of Alexander II's
policies were successful and he is remembered as one of Russia's greatest reformers, however his
intentions did not always line up with reality and his emancipation of the Serfs proved disastrous for
the Russian

The Russian Revolution Essay
The Russian Revolution
Here are some of the causes of the Russian Revolution in March 1917:
~Failures in the War
~The mutiny in the Army
~The Tsarina and Rasputin
~Food Shortages
~Strikes
PREFACE:
In 1904 The Tsar of Russia (Nicholas II) embarked on a war with Japan, hoping for a quick and
glorious victory that would unite the country, decrease support for the Tsar's opponents and gain
control over Korea and Manchuria. Unfortunately for the Tsar, the Japanese were well prepared,
both industrially and military. The Japanese crushed the Russian army and destroyed most of it's
fleet. Damaged both militarily and industrially, Russia had to sign a peace treaty. In 1905 the Tsar
crushed the attempted revolution using ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The other reason was transporting the crop once it was harvested. ` The USA could fit into Russia
two and a half times and over and Britain nearly 100 times`4, the problem with transportation was
that the railroads were very often the only way to transport large amounts of goods as Russia's
conditions often made roads impassable. `By 1900 Russia had only as many miles of track as
Britain`5 and Britain was 100 times smaller. This meant that there were very large delays of
delivering food and most of it rotted before even reaching town. The only way of transporting goods
from the industrial West to the unfarmable East was the Trans Siberian Express, which took more
than a week to complete its journey from Moscow to Vladivostok. During the WWI (which started
in 1914), Food Shortages increased greatly because more strikes begun demanding an end to the
war. Strikes of course caused food shortages as peasants began striking and not producing any food.
Also more soldiers were needed to join the army and so the factory workers were taken to fight and
peasants left the countryside to seek better jobs in factories so fewer farmers were left to grow food.
Another very important reason that caused an increase in food shortage was that ` the Russian
railway system was being used to carry supplies to the war front and so trains carrying food to the
cities had been reduced`1so

How Did Nicholas II Contribute To The Russian Revolution
Nicholas II was the last tsar of Russia under Romanov rule. Nicolas II was to inherit the throne after
his father died, but he was not prepared to. You will soon read that if he was properly prepared then
he would've had a magic life. Tsar Nicholas II aroused the Russian Revolution.
Alexander III died at the age of 49 in 1894; Nicholas II did not feel he was up to take the throne.
Nicholas had to take the throne, get marry and have children to secure the future heir. He married
Princess Alix of Hesse–Darmstadt. The coronation was hugely celebrated by Russia that thousands
were stampeded to death, but Nicholas II and his wife did not notice, nor did they care. His wife,
Empress Alexandra, gave birth to four girls. He needed a boy and he finally

Peter I ( The Great ) Became Tsar Of Russia
Peter I (the Great) became Tsar of Russia in 1682 and instituted many comprehensive reforms
designed to modernize and develop Russia during his reign. In The Revolution of Peter the Great,
James Cracraft's portrays the Tsar as an ambitious and pivotal leader who sought to create a modern
and powerful nation that rivalled those in Western European. Peter desired to reform Russian
government by establishing new bureaucratic, civil, and educational institutions within the state.
Peter also promoted change for Russian traditions, society, and the church. Cracraft argues that
although Peter's reforms had social and economic consequences, it was the cultural revolution that
had the greatest impact on Russia. Cracraft describes Peter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Petersburg was the center and symbol of Peter's Cultural Revolution. Even so, were Peter's reforms
the equivalent to a revolution; if so, was the most momentous aspect of the reforms, the
transcending culture revolution that transformed Russian society and culture forever? The
Europeanization or modernization of the Russian military was crucial to Russian existence and
expansion. Following the defeat by Swedish forces at the Battle of Narva in 1700, Peter understood
the necessity for the creation of a Russian navy and the modernization of the army. Peter conceived
the reforms as a way to increase the capabilities of the military, the navy bought Peter and then
Russia, into Europe and the modern world (53). The Anglo–Russian trade transformed St.
Petersburg into the largest and most important Russian port for commerce. Foreign trade increased
fifteen–fold from Peter's era until the end of the eighteenth century (47). Russia assured her future
by the continual operations of the fleet and establishment of the St. Petersburg Naval Academy (48).
The academy was the first higher technical education center in Russia. The founding of the
Academy represented the Tsar's dedication to improving the absence of an educational system in
Russia. Peter enforced his views and opinions regarding education on society as a way to develop a
new attitude towards education. He severed tradition by the compulsory education of children of the
nobility and government

Ivan Iv ( 1530-1584 )

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Ivan Iv ( 1530-1584 )