This document provides an overview of meningitis, including its definition as an inflammation of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. It discusses the main causes as bacteria and viruses, with infants most at risk. The types are described as bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic meningitis. Signs and symptoms vary depending on age but can include fever, vomiting, and lethargy. Diagnosis involves medical history, exams, tests and lumbar puncture. Nursing care focuses on isolation, monitoring, seizure control, comfort, and hygiene.

1. INTEGRAL COLLEGE OF NURSING
SCIENCE AND RESEARCH
TOPIC – MENENGITIS
PRESENTED BY. -
Salman khan

2. CONTENT……..
• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION
• ETIOLOGY /CAUSES
• RISK FACTOR
• TYPES
• SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

3. • DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• COMPLICATION
• PREVENTION
• MANAGEMENT
• NURSING MANAGEMENT

4. INTRODUCTION……
• Menengitis is an infection of the meninges (the protective
membranea that surrounds the brain and spinal cord ).
• The infection is mostly caused by bacteria and virus that leads to
Meninges becoming inflammed (swallen).
• It can damage the nerve and brain .
• It is most common neurological disorder in children due to weak
immune system.

5. DEFINITION………
• An inflammation of the meninges (outer covering
of brain and spinal cord brain and spinal cord.).

6. CAUSES…………
•In infants above the age of 3 months,
infection is mainly caused by Haemophilus
influenzae, Pneumococci, Meningococci and certain
virus, fungi,and protozoa.

7. RISK FACTOR………..
• Age(Children younger than 5year)
• Weak immunity in children
• Pneumonia
• Malnutrition
• Patients with diabetes
• Use of immunosuppressive drugs etc

8. TYPES……………
• There are many types of meningitis…..
• Bacterial meningitis
• Viral meningitis
• Fungal meningitis
• Parasitic Meningitis.

9. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS……
• In neonates…..
• Poor feeding
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Lethargy
• Weak cry

12. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION………
• History collection
• Physical examination
• Blood test
• CBC
• +ve signs
• Lumber puncture
• MRI ,CT scan

13. COMPLICATIONS………..
• Hydrocephalus (Also called: water on the brain).
• Brain abscess (pus-filled swelling in the brain.)
• Encephalities (Also called: inflammation of the brain).
• Endocarditis(inflammation of the heart valve)

14. PREVENTION………..
• Routine immunization is helpful to prevent meningitis.
• Vaccination against measles ,mumps ,polio .
• Three dose of Hib virus (Hib is an infection caused by
Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria.)also given to
children to prevent occurance of meningitis.

15. NURSING MANAGEMENT……….
• Isolate the child(when the child is admitted with suspected
Meningitis to protect others patients from infection).
• Monitor the child’s level of consciousness.
• Control seizure and protect the child from injury.
• Maintain fluids intake and nutrition.
• Provide comfort and rest

16. CONTI..........................
• Monitor vital signs of the children.
• Provide comfort and rest.
• To control body temperature.
• Maintain personal hygiene.