Pericarditis

1. PERICARDITIS

2. • Pericarditis: is a condition caused by
inflammation of the pericardial sac
,which may occur on an acute basis.

3. Etiology
• Idiopathic
Infectious
• Virus- Coxsackievirus B group
• Bacteria-pneumococci
• Fungus- histoplasma
Noninfectious
• Uremia
• MI
• Neoplasm
• Trauma
AUTOIMMUNE/HYPERSENSITIVITY
• Dresslers syndrome
• Rheumatic fever
• Rheumatoid arthritis

5. Clinical Manifestations
• chest pain
located beneath the clavicle, in the neck, or in the
left scapula region
may worsen with deep inspiration and when lying
down or turning
may be relieved with a forward leaning or sitting
position.

6. • mild fever
• Dyspnea and other signs and symptoms of
heart failure may occur as the result of pericardial
compression due to constrictive pericarditis or
cardiac tamponade.

7. Complications
• Pericardial effusion
fluid collection in pericardial space
• Cardiac tamponade
it develops when pericardial effusion increases in
volume
pulses paradoxus is present

8. Assessment and
Diagnostic Findings
• patient’s history
• Physical examination
signs of pericardial friction rub on auscultation
• 12-lead ECG detects ST changes
• Chest x-ray- cardiomegaly
• Echocardiogram
• Lab invst-
elevated WBC,CRP,ESR
Pericardial biopsy- analysis

9. Management
• Identifying treating the underlying problems
• patient is placed on bed rest
• Pericardiocentesis,
procedure in which the pericardial fluid is removed
• Antibiotic therapy
• Analgesics and NSAIDs such as aspirin or ibuprofen
• Corticosteroids (eg, prednisone)

10. Nursing management
Assessment
• The nurse caring for the patient with pericarditis must be
alert to the possibility of cardiac tamponade

11. Nursing management
Assessment
• The nurse caring for the patient with pericarditis must be
alert to the possibility of cardiac tamponade
Interventions
• Pain management
elevate head end to 45 degrees
cardiac table
antinflammatory drugs
• Monitor for complications