Sorghum, also known as jowar, is an important cereal crop cultivated primarily for grain and fodder. It originated in Africa and was later spread to India, China, and the United States, which is now the largest producer. Sorghum grows well in hot, dry climates and prefers loamy soils. It requires good seedbed preparation and sowing is done from June to July. Main varieties grown include Hegari, JS-2002 and JS-263. Fertilizers like DAP and urea are applied to boost yields. Pests like bugs and diseases like ergot and leaf blight impact production. Average yields in Pakistan are estimated at 1361 kg/ha.

1. “Production Technology of Sorghum”
Submitted To:
Dr. Muhammad Aurangzaib
Submitted By:
Muhammad Saleem
Roll No:
B-025
4th Semester (Section B)
TheIslamiaUniversityOfBahawalpur

2. Sorghum

3. Local Name:
Jowar / Jawar
Botanical Name:
Sorghum bicolor L.
Family:
Poaceae
Botanical
Description

4. History & Origin
 Early domestication in Africa.
 Sorghum spread throughout Africa.
 Sorghum then spread to India & China.
 One of the top five cereal crops in world.
 United States are largest producer.

5. Economic
Importanceo Feed for livestock.
o Major food crop in Africa.
o Mostly cultivated for grains.
o Grass used to make Hay & Fodder.
o High in Carbohydrates, with 10% Protein & 3.4% Fat.

6. Climate & Soil
 It is Tropical Crop.
 Prefers Hot, Dry Climate.
 Heavy, Loamy Soils are most Suitable.
 Grows all types of Soils except Saline & Waterlogged.

7. Land Preparation
 Requires good seedbed.
 1 ploughing with iron plough.
 2 ploughings with cultivator along with planking.

8. Seed Rate
(For Broadcast & Line Sowing Method)
• 75-80 kg/ha for Fodder Crop
• 20-25 kg/ha for Grain Purpose

9. Sowing Time
o For Fodder in March-August
o For Grain June-July

10. Sowing Methods
Broadcast Method
Line Sowing Method
R×R = 40-50 cm
P×P = 10-15 cm

11. Growth StagesEmergence
3-Leaf
5-Leaf
FloralInitiation
EmergingFlag
Leaf
Booting
Anthesis
SoftDough
HardDough
Maturity
Vegetative Growth Reproductive Stage Grain Filling & Maturity
(0 – 30 Days) (30 – 60 Days) (60 – 90 Days)

12. Varieties
• Hegari
• JS – 2002
• JS – 263
• Chakwal – 2008

13. Fertilizers
DAP = 125 kg/ha
Urea = 75 kg/ha

14. Irrigation
• 3-4 irrigations for March, June crops.
• 1-2 irrigations for monsoon crops depending
upon rainfall.

15. Weeds
• Leaf Clover
• Pigweed
• Love Grass
• Crowfoot Grass

16. Harvesting
• Seed purpose crop is ready in November.
• Harvest when grains have 21 – 24% moisture.
• Leaves turned Yellow & Grains becomes hard.

17. Yield
Yield estimated : 1361 kg/ha

18. Insect Pests
• Bugs
• Aphids
• Beetles
• Caterpillar
• Yellow Moth

19. Disease
• Ergot
• Root & Stalk
• Leaf Stripe
• Leaf Blight
• Leaf Spot